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NCCOS National Status and Trends Bioeffects Assessment: Chemical contaminant data in the St. Thomas East End Reserves, U.S. Virgin Islands, from 2010-05-04 to 2012-06-22 (NCEI Accession 0146168)


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            title:  NCCOS National Status and Trends Bioeffects Assessment: Chemical contaminant data in the St. Thomas East End Reserves, U.S. Virgin Islands, from 2010-05-04 to 2012-06-22 (NCEI Accession 0146168)
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                date:  2016-04-13
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1466 US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
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                individualName:  Greg Piniak
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/4836 Pait, Tony
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        abstract:  This dataset provides valuable baseline data on sediment chemical contamination for the St. Thomas East End Reserve (STEER), U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). From 2010-2012, NOAA scientists collected samples as part of a larger, long-term monitoring National Status and Trends Program (NS&T). A broad suite of chemical contaminants were analyzed in sediment, coral (Porites asteroides) and conch (Strombus gigas) samples. These contaminants included polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated pesticides including DDT and its metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), major and trace elements, and butyltins. Partners in the CRCP project “Characterization of Land-Based Sources of Pollution and Effects in the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER)” included the Coastal Oceanographic Assessment, Status and Trends (COAST) Branch, and the Biogeography Branch of NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA) in Silver Spring, MD, the USVI Department of Planning and Natural Resources (DPNR), the University of the Virgin Islands (UVI), and The Nature Conservancy (TNC).
        purpose:  The purpose of this effort was to characterize the extent and magnitude of chemical contamination in the St. Thomas East End Reserves or STEER, as part of a larger project to develop an integrated ecosystem assessment for the STEER. The STEER is a collection of marine reserves and wildlife sanctuaries on the southeastern end of the island of St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. Within the STEER, however, are a variety of land use and maritime activities that are thought to impact the Reserves. Specific objectives of the study were to: 1) Characterize organic chemical contamination in sediments and biota; 2) Characterize inorganic chemical contamination in sediments and biota.
        credit:  Funded by: US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
        credit:  Funded by: US DOC; NOAA; NOS; Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP)
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            keyword:  1-Methylnaphthalene
            keyword:  1-Methylphenanthrene
            keyword:  18a-Oleanane
            keyword:  2,4'-DDD
            keyword:  2,4'-DDE
            keyword:  2,4'-DDT
            keyword:  2,6,10-Trimethyldodecane (i-C15)
            keyword:  2,6,10-Trimethyltridecane (i-C16)
            keyword:  2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene
            keyword:  2-Methylnaphthalene
            keyword:  4,4'-DDD
            keyword:  4,4'-DDE
            keyword:  4,4'-DDT
            keyword:  Acenaphthene
            keyword:  Acenaphthylene
            keyword:  Aldrin
            keyword:  Alkanes
            keyword:  Alpha-Chlordane
            keyword:  Alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane
            keyword:  Aluminum
            keyword:  Ampelisca Survival as % of Control
            keyword:  Ampelisca Survival – mean
            keyword:  Amphipods
            keyword:  Anthracene
            keyword:  Antimony
            keyword:  Arsenic
            keyword:  Benthic infauna
            keyword:  Benz[a]anthracene
            keyword:  Benzo[a]pyrene
            keyword:  Benzo[b]fluoranthene
            keyword:  Benzo[e]pyrene
            keyword:  Benzo[g,h,i]perylene
            keyword:  Benzo[k]fluoranthene
            keyword:  Benzothiophene
            keyword:  Beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane
            keyword:  Biphenyl
            keyword:  Butyltins
            keyword:  C1-Benzothiophene
            keyword:  C1-Chrysenes
            keyword:  C1-Decalin
            keyword:  C1-Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
            keyword:  C1-Dibenzothiophenes
            keyword:  C1-Fluoranthenes_Pyrenes
            keyword:  C1-Fluorenes
            keyword:  C1-Naphthalenes
            keyword:  C1-Naphthobenzothiophene
            keyword:  C1-Phenanthrenes_Anthracenes
            keyword:  C2-Benzothiophene
            keyword:  C2-Chrysenes
            keyword:  C2-Decalin
            keyword:  C2-Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
            keyword:  C2-Dibenzothiophenes
            keyword:  C2-Fluoranthenes_Pyrenes
            keyword:  C2-Fluorenes
            keyword:  C2-Naphthalenes
            keyword:  C2-Naphthobenzothiophene
            keyword:  C2-Phenanthrenes_Anthracenes
            keyword:  C29-Hopane
            keyword:  C3-Benzothiophene
            keyword:  C3-Chrysenes
            keyword:  C3-Decalin
            keyword:  C3-Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
            keyword:  C3-Dibenzothiophenes
            keyword:  C3-Fluoranthenes_Pyrenes
            keyword:  C3-Fluorenes
            keyword:  C3-Naphthalenes
            keyword:  C3-Naphthobenzothiophene
            keyword:  C3-Phenanthrenes_Anthracenes
            keyword:  C30-Hopane
            keyword:  C4-Benzothiophenes
            keyword:  C4-Chrysenes
            keyword:  C4-Decalin
            keyword:  C4-Dibenzothiophenes
            keyword:  C4-Fluoranthenes_Pyrenes
            keyword:  C4-Naphthalenes
            keyword:  C4-Naphthobenzothiophenes
            keyword:  C4-Phenanthrenes_Anthracenes
            keyword:  Cadmium
            keyword:  Carbazole
            keyword:  Carbon Total Content
            keyword:  Chlordanes
            keyword:  Chlorpyrifos
            keyword:  Chromium
            keyword:  Chrysene
            keyword:  Cis-Nonachlor
            keyword:  Cis_Trans Decalin
            keyword:  Clay - Chemistry Sample
            keyword:  Clostridium perfringens - Count 1
            keyword:  Clostridium perfringens - Count 2
            keyword:  Clostridium perfringens – Mean
            keyword:  Clostridium perfringens – dry
            keyword:  Clostridium perfringens – wet
            keyword:  Copper
            keyword:  DDMU
            keyword:  DDTs
            keyword:  Decalin
            keyword:  Delta-Hexachlorocyclohexane
            keyword:  Density
            keyword:  Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
            keyword:  Dibenzofuran
            keyword:  Dibenzothiophene
            keyword:  Dibutyltin
            keyword:  Dieldrin
            keyword:  Dieldrins
            keyword:  Diversity
            keyword:  Endosulfan I
            keyword:  Endosulfan II
            keyword:  Endosulfan Sulfate
            keyword:  Endosulfans
            keyword:  Endrin
            keyword:  Evenness
            keyword:  Fluoranthene
            keyword:  Fluorene
            keyword:  Gamma-Chlordane
            keyword:  Gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane
            keyword:  Grain size
            keyword:  Gravel - Chemistry Sample
            keyword:  Heptachlor
            keyword:  Heptachlor-Epoxide
            keyword:  Hexachlorobenzene
            keyword:  Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene
            keyword:  Individuals – total
            keyword:  Iron
            keyword:  Lead
            keyword:  Manganese
            keyword:  Mercury
            keyword:  Mirex
            keyword:  Monobutyltin
            keyword:  Naphthalene
            keyword:  Naphthobenzothiophene
            keyword:  Nickel
            keyword:  Norpristane
            keyword:  Organochlorines
            keyword:  Oxychlordane
            keyword:  PAHs
            keyword:  PCB101_90
            keyword:  PCB105
            keyword:  PCB110_77
            keyword:  PCB118
            keyword:  PCB128
            keyword:  PCB138_160
            keyword:  PCB146
            keyword:  PCB149_123
            keyword:  PCB151
            keyword:  PCB153_132_168
            keyword:  PCB156_171_202
            keyword:  PCB158
            keyword:  PCB170_190
            keyword:  PCB174
            keyword:  PCB18
            keyword:  PCB180
            keyword:  PCB183
            keyword:  PCB187
            keyword:  PCB194
            keyword:  PCB195_208
            keyword:  PCB199
            keyword:  PCB201_173_157
            keyword:  PCB206
            keyword:  PCB209
            keyword:  PCB28
            keyword:  PCB29
            keyword:  PCB31
            keyword:  PCB44
            keyword:  PCB45
            keyword:  PCB49
            keyword:  PCB52
            keyword:  PCB56_60
            keyword:  PCB66
            keyword:  PCB70
            keyword:  PCB74_61
            keyword:  PCB87_115
            keyword:  PCB8_5
            keyword:  PCB95
            keyword:  PCB99
            keyword:  PCBs
            keyword:  Pentachloroanisole
            keyword:  Pentachlorobenzene
            keyword:  Percent lipid dry weight
            keyword:  Percent lipid wet weight
            keyword:  Perylene
            keyword:  Phenanthrene
            keyword:  Phytane [i-C20]
            keyword:  Pristane [i-C19]
            keyword:  Pyrene
            keyword:  Sample Composition
            keyword:  Sample dry weight
            keyword:  Sample percent dry weight
            keyword:  Sample percent wet weight
            keyword:  Sample wet weight
            keyword:  Sand - Chemistry Sample
            keyword:  Selenium
            keyword:  Sewage Markers
            keyword:  Silicon
            keyword:  Silt - Chemistry Sample
            keyword:  Silver
            keyword:  Taxa – Total
            keyword:  Tetrabutyltin
            keyword:  Tin
            keyword:  Total Inorganic Carbon
            keyword:  Total Organic Carbon
            keyword:  Trans-Nonachlor
            keyword:  Tributyltin
            keyword:  Zinc
            keyword:  n-Decane
            keyword:  n-Docosane
            keyword:  n-Dodecane
            keyword:  n-Dotriacontane
            keyword:  n-Eicosane
            keyword:  n-Heneicosane
            keyword:  n-Hentriacontane
            keyword:  n-Heptacosane
            keyword:  n-Heptadecane
            keyword:  n-Heptatriacontane
            keyword:  n-Hexacosane
            keyword:  n-Hexadecane
            keyword:  n-Hexatriacontane
            keyword:  n-Nonacosane
            keyword:  n-Nonadecane
            keyword:  n-Nonane
            keyword:  n-Nonatriacontane
            keyword:  n-Octacosane
            keyword:  n-Octadecane
            keyword:  n-Octatriacontane
            keyword:  n-Pentacosane
            keyword:  n-Pentadecane
            keyword:  n-Pentatriacontane
            keyword:  n-Tetracontane
            keyword:  n-Tetracosane
            keyword:  n-Tetradecane
            keyword:  n-Tetratriacontane
            keyword:  n-Triacontane
            keyword:  n-Tricosane
            keyword:  n-Tridecane
            keyword:  n-Tritriacontane
            keyword:  n-Undecane
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                title:  An assessment of chemical contaminants, toxicity and benthic infauna in sediments from the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER)
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                      Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1452 US DOC; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
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                title:  Characterization of Land-Based Sources of Pollution and Effects in the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER)
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0146168 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2016-04-13T17:29:10Z
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                description:  Data Type: Chemical Contaminants (measured); Units: varied; Observation Type: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: ponar grab; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sampling Method: Sample collection followed established protocols for the National Status and Trends (Lauenstein and Cantillo, 1998; Apeti et al., 2012). The sediments and tissue samples for chemical contaminant analysis were collected using standard NOAA National Status and Trends (NSandT) Program protocols (Lauenstein and Cantillo, 1998; Apeti et al., 2012 Update). A PONAR grab was deployed to collect the sediment samples using a pulley and davit, and retrieved by hand. Rocks and bits of seagrass were removed. If a particular grab did not result in 200-300 g of sediment, a second grab was made and composited with material from the first. If enough sediment had not been collected after three deployments of the grab, the site was abandoned and the boat moved on to an alternate site. Using this strategy, a total of 24 sediment samples were collected. A series of protocols were used to avoid contamination of the sediment samples by equipment and cross contamination between samples and sites. All equipment was rinsed with acetone and then distilled water just prior to use at a site. Personnel handling the samples also wore disposable nitrile gloves. The top 3 cm of sediment were collected from the grab using a stainless steel sediment scoop. This top layer of sediment is referred to as surficial sediment, and is typically indicative of recent deposition. Sediments were placed into two certified clean (I-Chem) 250 ml labeled jars, one for organic chemical analysis, the other for metal analysis, capped and then placed on ice in a cooler. Sediments for grain size analysis were placed in a WhirlPack bag, sealed and placed on ice in a cooler. At the end of each day, sediment samples for contaminant analysis were placed in a freezer; the WhirlPack bags for the grain size analysis were placed in a refrigerator rather than frozen, to avoid altering the grain size structure of the sediment. Coral and conch tissue samples were collected based on the standard operation procedure described in Apeti et al, 2012. For conch sampling, two methods of collection were used. 1) Boat based onboard a Nature Conservancy vessel sampling via SCUBA or snorkeling, and 2) Kayak based sampling via snorkeling only. A total of 10 conch specimens were collected from 5 separate locations, one within each strata. At each location two organisms were collected by hand and placed in labeled 2 gallon Ziplock bags. The bags containing the specimens were placed in a cooler of ice. At the end of the field mission, conch specimens were partially thawed and their soft tissues were removed from their shells, weighed, and then placed into labeled 1 liter Teflon jars and refrozen. Once completely frozen, the samples were shipped with dry-ice to the analytical laboratory. At the lab. the two soft tissues were composited into a single tissue sample for each location before contaminant analysis. The coral that was collected for this study was Porites astreoides (Lamarck 1816) common name mustard hill coral. This species was chosen because it is abundant and not endangered. The coral samples were collected by SCUBA diving using hammer and titanium or stainless steel coring punch. A sample location was defined as a single dive area with about 50 meter radius where enough Porites astreoides colonies (heads) were available for multiple sampling. Samples of P. astreoides were collected from five sites. Unlike the conch tissues, which only one set per location was collected for contaminant analyses, the coral tissues were collected in two sets, one for contaminant analyses and the other for histopathology measurements. At each location coral cores were collected from 5 different coral colonies (heads) to constitute a site-composite. Using hammer the titanium coring punch was driven into the coral colonies to extract coral cores of approximately 1.5 cm in diameter and 1-1.5 cm. Pieces of fractured coral cores were dislodged with Teflon stir stick and used as sample taking care to avoiding removal of large amounts of skeletal material. The cores of coral tissue were placed inside pre-labeled 250 ml IChem jars and then capped underwater. The jars were brought to the surface, drained of water and placed on ice. The samples were then preserved by freezing at -15 degree C until they were shipped overnight on dry-ice to the analytical laboratory. Analyzing Method: Sediment and tissue samples were analyzed for trace elements and organic contaminants. All samples were analyzed by TDI-Brooks in College Station, TX following proven methods. TDI-Brooks International, Inc who has been performing the analyses since 2000 uses a modified version of EPA methods. Samples were prepared for inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry analysis (ICP-MS) for major metals (copper, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, nickel, antimony, and zinc) while atomic fluorescence spectrometry was utilized to measure arsenic and selenium and atomic absorption spectrometry was used for mercury analysis. For all metals, but Hg, sediment and tissue samples were digested by sequentially adding nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide to Teflon bombs to achieve sample dissolution in oven. For analysis of Hg, samples were digested based on a modified version of EPA method 245.5, using a concentrated H2SO4 and HNO3 digestion, followed by addition of KMnO4, and K2S2O8, and the samples were again digested. For organic contaminants including butyltins, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs and organochlorine-pesticides, sediment and tisse samples were first extracted. Homogenized samples were chemically dried with Hydromatix(TM). Tissue/Hydromatix(TM) mixtures were then extracted with 100% dichloromethane using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method. The extracts were then concentrated to 3 ml by evaporative solvent reduction. Silica gel/alumina column chromatography was utilized to concentrate and purify the samples before analysis. Quantitation of PAHs and their alkylated homologues was performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Chlorinated hydrocarbons (chlorinated pesticides and PCBs) were quantitatively determined by capillary gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (ECD). Detailed extraction and analytical methods used by the MWP are available in Kimbrough and Lauenstein (2006). Quality control samples were processed with each batch of samples in a manner identical to the samples, including matrix spikes, method blank, duplicates and standard reference materials (SRMs). In total, approximately 5% of all analyses were QC analyses. Processing quality was considered acceptable if the following criteria were met: blanks were less than three times the minimum detection limit; accuracy, as determined by analysis of certified reference materials, was within 30% and precision, as determined by replicate analyses, was within 30% for organic analytes.; Data Quality Information: Data Quality Method: The measurement quality objectives of the National Status and Trends specify accuracy and precision requirements of 30% for organic analytes and 15% for inorganic analytes in tissue samples. The analytical instruments were calibrated by standard laboratory procedures. In total, approximately 5% of all analyses were QC analyses. QA procedures include running blanks, spiked samples, and standard reference materials with each batch of samples. Processing quality was considered acceptable if the following criteria were met: blanks were less than three times the minimum detection limit; accuracy, as determined by analysis of reference materials, was within 30% for organic analytes and within 20% for inorganic analytes; and precision, as determined by replicate analyses, was within 30% for organic analytes and within 20% for inorganic analytes. Any batch failing to meet the specifications is reanalyzed or rejected. The QA Criteria may be found in NOAAs Tech Memo NOS NCCOS 30 and 29. The standard NSandT analytical protocols are described in Kimbrough et al. (2006a and 2006b).
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  chromatograph
            type:  chromatograph
            description:  Gas, ion, liquid or other chromatograph
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  laboratory analysis
            type:  laboratory analysis
            description:  use as an observation type
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  mass spectrometer
            type:  mass spectrometer
            description:  Instrument that measure the massess and relative concentrations of atoms and molecules
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  sediment sampler - corer
            type:  sediment sampler - corer
            description:  sediment coring device gravity or other coring device used to collect surfacial and near-surficial sediment samples
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  sediment sampler - grab
            type:  sediment sampler - grab
            description:  grab sampler is used to take a sample of surficial seafloor sediments