Snowstorm Database
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dateStamp: 2023-06-23
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title: Snowstorm Database
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date: 2012-11-30
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abstract: The Snowstorm Database is a collection of over 500 snowstorms dating back to 1900 and updated operationally. Only storms having large areas of heavy snowfall (10-20 inches or greater) are included. The spatial extent includes the contiguous U.S. but the most storms are in the eastern two thirds of the U.S. This is the only comprehensive data set with starting and ending dates along with daily and total storm snowfall for large snowstorms from 1900 to the present. The data is archived in shapefile format, one shapefile per storm. Shapefiles are a non-proprietary spatial format widely used in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Each shapefile contains daily and storm total snowfall for weather stations that were affected by the snowstorm. The snowfall data comes from the Global Historical Climatological Network - Daily (GHCN-D).
purpose: The original purpose of this data set was to provide input for the calculation of the Regional Snowfall Index (RSI) and the Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale (NESIS), which are snowfall impact scales produced operationally by NCDC. This data has also been used for analyzing trends of large snowstorms. The data can be used to make maps of historical snowstorms or for exploratory data analysis of historical storms. Archiving the data as shapefiles allows external users such as emergency managers, researchers, or anyone from snow sensitive entities to use the data directly in a GIS.
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fileDescription: RSI map based on Snowstorm Database
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keyword: Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Solid Precipitation > Snow
keyword: Earth Science > Terrestrial Hydrosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow Depth
keyword: Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Natural Hazards > Meteorological Hazards
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keyword: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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keyword: Snowfall
keyword: Snowstorms
keyword: Societal Impacts
keyword: GIS
keyword: Shapefiles
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useLimitation: Shapefiles are processed and made available as soon as possible after a snowstorm event. The database does not update on a regular basis as snowstorms arrive irregularly.
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otherConstraints: Cite as: Squires, Mike(2012). Snowstorm Database [Indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. [Access date]
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otherConstraints: Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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otherConstraints: Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
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title: Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale
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description: Product uses the Snowstorm Database for development. It is an evolution of the NESIS, see the landing page for more information about the RSI Index
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language: eng; USA
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description: ground condition
beginPosition: 1900-01-01
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fees: In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
orderingInstructions: Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
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statement: The Snowfall Database uses Global Historical Climatatology Network - Daily (GHCN-D), which has automated quality control built into its processing. Once the starting and ending dates of a snowstorm are identified, daily data from GHCN-D is extracted and brought into ArcGIS. At that point an analyst removes stations that are not part of the storm. Stations that were part of the storm are checked to ensure that only days with snowfall are included in the snowfall total. The data is then checked for any stations whose total snowfall is statistically different from it's neighbors using Local Moran's Index (see documentation). Stations flagged from this test are checked for spatial consistency. It is assumed that all data is correct unless there is enough evidence otherwise. The station may be kept or rejected, but not values are changed. The analyst then looks for any stations that appear spatially inconsistent with its neighbors. Some of the factors that can make a station or stations appear spatially in consistent are topography, lake effect snow, changes in temperature during the storm (wet vs. dry snow), and spatial variability.
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description: NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
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maintenanceNote: Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details.