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Regional Snowfall Index (RSI)


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        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  Regional Snowfall Index (RSI)
            alternateTitle:  Regional Snowfall Index
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2011-01-01
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                  Anchor:  DOI doi:10.25921/r2cd-th81
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                code:  NCEI DSI 3289_01
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                code:  gov.noaa.ncdc:C00465
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                individualName:  Squires, Michael F.
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                individualName:  Lawrimore, Jay H.
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        abstract:  The Regional Snowfall Index (RSI) is an index of significant snowstorms that impact the eastern two thirds of the U.S. The RSI ranks snowstorm impacts on a scale from 1 to 5, similar to the Fujita scale for tornadoes or the Saffir-Simpson scale for hurricanes. NCEI has analyzed and assigned RSI values to over 500 storms going as far back as 1900. New storms are added operationally. As such, RSI puts the regional impacts of snowstorms into a century-scale historical perspective. The RSI differs from other indices because it includes population. RSI is based on the spatial extent of the storm, the amount of snowfall, and the juxtaposition of these elements with population. The area and population are cumulative values above regional specific thresholds. For example, the thresholds for the Southeast are 2", 5", 10", and 15" of snowfall while the thresholds for the Northeast are 4", 10", 20", and 30" of snowfall. Population information ties the index to societal impacts. Currently, the index uses population based on the 2000 Census. The RSI is an evolution of the Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale (NESIS) which NCDC (the precursor to NCEI) began producing operationally in 2005. While NESIS was developed for storms that had a major impact in the Northeast, it includes the impact of snow on other regions as well. It can be thought of as a quasi-national index that is calibrated to Northeast snowstorms. By contrast, the RSI is a regional index; a separate index is produced for each of the six NCDC climate regions in the eastern two-thirds of the nation. The indices are calculated in a similar fashion to NESIS, but our experience has led us to propose a change in the methodology. The new indices require region-specific parameters and thresholds for the calculations. For details on how RSI is calculated, see Squires et al. 2011.
        purpose:  This snowstorm impact rating scale factors in population, snowfall amounts, and storm coverage, thereby quantifying the societal impacts of a snowstorm for all major snowstorms since 1900. The RSI is important because of the need to place snowstorms and their societal impacts into a historical perspective on a regional scale. The index is useful for the media, emergency managers, the public and others who wish to compare regional impacts between different snowstorms.
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            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Solid Precipitation > Snow
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            keyword:  Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Natural Hazards > Meteorological Hazards
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          RecordType:  Snowfall Events: Historical measured snowfall events in the northeastern U.S.
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                aName:  Regional Snowfall Index (RSI) Value
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            descriptor:  RSI values are a function of the area affected by the snowstorm, the amount of snow, and the number of people living in the path of the storm.
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            definition:  RSI Category that rates the impact of a storm event
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              Record:  1: Notable Category Snowfall Event
            rangeElement:
              Record:  2: Significant Category Snowfall Event
            rangeElement:
              Record:  3: Major Category Snowfall Event
            rangeElement:
              Record:  4: Crippling Category Snowfall Event
            rangeElement:
              Record:  5: Extreme Category Snowfall Event
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            statement:  RSI values are a function of the area affected by the snowstorm, the amount of snow, and the number of people living in the path of the storm. For a full description of how the Index was calculated, please view the documentation.
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                source:  #snowdb
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                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                        role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName: (missing)
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.ncdc:C00464/html
                                protocol:  HTTPS
                                applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                                name:  Snowstorm Database
                                description:  Landing page for the Snowstorm Database, including links and other information.
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimePeriod:
                            beginPosition:  1900-01-01
                            endPosition:
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Provided population data for data calculations
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  U.S. Counties (Generalized) [from Census 2000]
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  20020401
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    edition:  2002
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  ESRI > Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
                        role:  (CI_RoleCode) distributor
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName: (missing)
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://www.esri.com/data/data-maps
                                description:  Links to the map information used.
                        role: (missing)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimePeriod:
                            beginPosition:  1900-01-01
                            endPosition:
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Provided population data for data calculations
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  U.S. Counties (Generalized) [from Census 2010]
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2014
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    edition:  2014
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  ESRI > Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
                        role:  (CI_RoleCode) distributor
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName: (missing)
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://www.esri.com/data/data-maps
                                description:  Links to the map information used.
                        role: (missing)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimePeriod:
                            beginPosition:  1900-01-01
                            endPosition:
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) repository
            levelDescription:  (MD_ScopeDescription)
                other:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-04-22T00:00:00
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details.
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  SNOW MEASURING ROD
            type: (missing)
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS
            description: (missing)
            instrument: (missing)