NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of AVHRR Surface Reflectance, Version 4 (Version Superseded)
AVHRR Surface Reflectance
Global image of daily AVHRR surface reflectance
*Note: This dataset version has been superseded by a newer version. It is highly recommended that users access the current version. Users should only use this version for special cases, such as reproducing studies that used this version.* This dataset contains gridded daily surface reflectance and brightness temperatures derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors onboard eight NOAA polar orbiting satellites: NOAA-7, -9, -11, -14, -16, -17, -18 and -19. Surface reflectance from AVHRR channels 1 and 2 (at 640 and 860 nm) are a NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR). The dataset spans from 1981 to 10 days before the present, and was processed from the AVHRR Global Area Coverage (GAC) Level 1b dataset. AVHRR GAC observations are packaged into data arrays with latitude and longitude dimensions of 3600 x 7200 covering the globe at 0.05 degree spatial resolution. This dataset is one of the Land Surface CDR products produced by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland (UMD). Other Land Surface CDR products include the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR). Improvements made for Version 4 include 1) additional data from NOAA satellites extending the time period, 2) improved geolocation accuracy from use of OLE instead of TLE, 3) center of the grid is used as the reference, and 4) data value of a grid cell is computed as an average of available good observations. The dataset is in the netCDF-4 file format following ACDD and CF Conventions. The dataset is accompanied by algorithm documentation, data flow diagram and source code for the NOAA CDR Program.
- Cite as: Vermote, Eric; Justice, Chris; Csiszar, Ivan; Eidenshink, Jeff; Myneni, Ranga B.; Baret, Frederic; Masuoka, Ed; Wolfe, Robert E.; Claverie, Martin; NOAA CDR Program. (2014): NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of AVHRR Surface Reflectance, Version 4. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5TM782M. Accessed [date].
| Distribution Formats |
- NetCDF (Version: 4)
- File Specification: The NetCDF data files comply with the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions and the NetCDF Attribute Convention for Dataset Discovery (ACDD).
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| Ordering Instructions |
Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. |
| Distributor |
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
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| Dataset Point of Contact |
NOAA Climate Data Record Program Office
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
1-828-271-4800
land_sfc_bundle_contacts@noaa.gov
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| Time Period |
1981-06-24 to 2019-07-11 (time interval: 1-day) |
| Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates |
West: -180.0
East: 180.0
South: -90.0
North: 90.0
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| Spatial Coverage Map |
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| General Documentation |
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| Processing Documents |
- AVHRR Surface Reflectance Source Code
- Flowcharts Vegetation CDR
- Climate Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (C-ATBD)
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| Associated Resources |
- NCEI Dataset Landing Page for the Current Version
- Data Stewardship Maturity Report for NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of AVHRR Surface Reflectance (SR), Version 4
- Data Stewardship Maturity Report for NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of AVHRR Surface Reflectance (SR), Version 4
- NASA Land Long Term Data Record (LTDR)
- Generating a long-term land data record from the AVHRR and MODIS Instruments
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Conference proceeding published July 2007 by the IEEE
Pedelty, J., Devadiga, S., Masuoka, E., Brown, M., Pinzon, J., Tucker, C., … Pinheiro, A. (2007). Generating a long-term land data record from the AVHRR and MODIS Instruments. 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4422974
- Other publications that cite this dataset
- NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Version 4
- NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Version 4
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| Publication Dates |
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| Edition |
Version 4.0 |
| Data Presentation Form |
Digital image
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| Dataset Progress Status |
Complete - production of the data has been completed
Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Superseded - replaced by new |
| Data Update Frequency |
Not planned |
| Purpose |
This dataset provides scientific researchers a high quality Climate Data Record (CDR) of land surface reflectance. Surface Reflectance provides a measure of the fraction of incoming solar radiation that is reflected from Earth's surface in two spectral ranges of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors: red (around 640 nm) and the near infrared (around 860 nm). As a key variable, Surface Reflectance supplies the primary input for essentially all higher-level land surface geophysical parameters. The Surface Reflectance CDR delivers valuable surface information dating back to 1981 as a daily product on a 0.05 degree by 0.05 degree grid. |
| Use Limitations |
- *Note: This dataset version has been superseded by a newer version. It is highly recommended that users access the current version. Users should only use this version for special cases, such as reproducing studies that used this version.*
- Data for some days in the CDR series may be missing for one or more of the following reasons: 1) input GAC data was not available, 2) the data day was found to contain significant geolocation residual error, or 3) noisy input data.
- The time variable in the data files has values that are too large by one (1) day. See the Technical Note.
- See the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) for a description of this dataset's use limitations.
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| Dataset Citation |
- Cite as: Vermote, Eric; Justice, Chris; Csiszar, Ivan; Eidenshink, Jeff; Myneni, Ranga B.; Baret, Frederic; Masuoka, Ed; Wolfe, Robert E.; Claverie, Martin; NOAA CDR Program. (2014): NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of AVHRR Surface Reflectance, Version 4. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5TM782M. Accessed [date].
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| Cited Authors |
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Vermote, Eric
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
- Justice, Chris
University of Maryland
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Csiszar, Ivan A.
NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research
- Eidenshink, Jeff
USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
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Myneni, Ranga B.
Boston University
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Baret, Frederic
French National Institute for Agricultural Research
- Masuoka, Edward
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Wolfe, Robert E.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Claverie, Martin
University of Maryland
- NOAA CDR Program
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| Principal Investigators |
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| Collaborators |
- Justice, Chris
University of Maryland
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Csiszar, Ivan A.
NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research
- Eidenshink, Jeff
USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
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Myneni, Ranga B.
Boston University
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Baret, Frederic
French National Institute for Agricultural Research
- Masuoka, Edward
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Wolfe, Robert E.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Claverie, Martin
University of Maryland
- NOAA CDR Program
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| Publishers |
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
- NOAA National Climatic Data Center
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| Theme keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
- Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Reflectance
- Earth Science > Spectral/Engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
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| Data Center keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
- DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
- DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
- NASA/GSFC > Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
- UMD > University of Maryland
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| Platform keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
- NOAA-7 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-7
- NOAA-9 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-9
- NOAA-11 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-11
- NOAA-14 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-14
- NOAA-16 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-16
- NOAA-17 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-17
- NOAA-18 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-18
- NOAA-19 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-19
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| Instrument keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords- AVHRR > Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
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| Place keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords- Geographic Region > Global Land
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| Project keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords
- NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) Program
- NOAA OneStop Project
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| Use Constraints |
- Cite as: Vermote, Eric; Justice, Chris; Csiszar, Ivan; Eidenshink, Jeff; Myneni, Ranga B.; Baret, Frederic; Masuoka, Ed; Wolfe, Robert E.; Claverie, Martin; NOAA CDR Program. (2014): NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of AVHRR Surface Reflectance, Version 4. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5TM782M. Accessed [date].
- See the Use Agreement for this dataset available on the CDR page.
- Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
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| Access Constraints |
- Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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| Fees |
- In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
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| Lineage information for: repository |
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| Processing Steps |
- 2015-04-22T00:00:00 - NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
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Last Modified: 2023-09-18
For questions about the information on this page, please email:
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