Skip to main content

Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN-M), Version 3


 (MI_Metadata)
    fileIdentifier:  gov.noaa.ncdc:C00839
    language:  eng; USA
    characterSet:  (MD_CharacterSetCode) utf8
    hierarchyLevel:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
    contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
        organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
            address:  (CI_Address)
                electronicMailAddress:  ncei.info@noaa.gov
            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
                name:  NCEI Contact Information
                description:  Information for contacts at NCEI.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
        role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
    dateStamp:  2023-06-30
    metadataStandardName:  ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
    metadataStandardVersion:  ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
return to top
    identificationInfo:  (MD_DataIdentification)
        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN-M), Version 3
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  1997-01-01
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2015-06-09
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
            edition:  Version 3
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:
                  Anchor:  DOI doi:10.7289/V5X34VDR
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  NCEI DSI 9100_03
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  gov.noaa.ncdc:C00839
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                positionName:  User Engagement and Services Branch
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  +1 (828) 271-4800
                        facsimile:  +1 (828) 271-4876
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        deliveryPoint:  151 Patton Avenue
                        deliveryPoint:  Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468
                        city:  Asheville
                        administrativeArea:  NC
                        postalCode:  28801-5001
                        country:  USA
                        electronicMailAddress:  ncei.orders@noaa.gov
                    hoursOfService:  8:00 - 6:00 Eastern
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                positionName:  User Engagement and Services Branch
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  +1 (828) 271-4800
                        facsimile:  +1 (828) 271-4876
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        deliveryPoint:  151 Patton Avenue
                        deliveryPoint:  Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468
                        city:  Asheville
                        administrativeArea:  NC
                        postalCode:  28801-5001
                        country:  USA
                        electronicMailAddress:  ncei.orders@noaa.gov
                    hoursOfService:  8:00 - 6:00 Eastern
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Jay H. Lawrimore
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) principalInvestigator
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Jay H. Lawrimore
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Matthew J. Menne
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) collaborator
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Matthew J. Menne
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Byron E. Gleason
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) collaborator
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Byron E. Gleason
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Claude N. Williams
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) collaborator
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Claude N. Williams
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  David B. Wuertz
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) collaborator
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  David B. Wuertz
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Russell S. Vose
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) collaborator
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Russell S. Vose
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Jared Rennie
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) collaborator
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Jared Rennie
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName: (missing)
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ghcnm/v3.php
                        protocol:  HTTPS
                        applicationProfile:  Information
                        name:  GHCN-M Version 3 Web page
                        description:  Information on product development methods and bias correction.
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    hoursOfService:  8:00 - 5:00 Eastern
                role: (missing)
            presentationForm:  (CI_PresentationFormCode) tableDigital
        abstract:  **Please note, GHCN-Monthly provides climatological observations for four elements; monthly mean maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature, and monthly total precipitation. Precipitation are available in version 2, monthly mean maximum and minimum temperature in version 3, and monthly mean temperature is also now available in the Version 4 BETA release. Users of monthly mean temperature should use the most recently available fully operational version except in some cases (e.g., when reproducing previous studies that used a previous version).** Since the early 1990s the Global Historical Climatology Network-Monthly (GHCN-M) dataset has been an internationally recognized source of data for the study of observed variability and change in land surface air temperature. It provides monthly mean temperature data for 7280 stations from 226 countries and territories, ongoing monthly updates of more than 2000 stations to support monitoring of current and evolving climate conditions, and homogeneity adjustments to remove non-climatic influences that can bias the observed temperature record. The release of version 3 monthly mean temperature data in 2011 introduced a number of improvements and changes from the previous release that included consolidating "duplicate" series, updating records from recent decades, and the use of new approaches to homogenization and quality assurance.
        purpose:  To monitor long-term trends in temperature.
        status:  (MD_ProgressCode) onGoing
        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
            positionName:  GHCN-M Product Team
            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  +1 (828) 271-4800
                    facsimile:  +1 (828) 271-4876
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  151 Patton Avenue
                    deliveryPoint:  Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468
                    city:  Asheville
                    administrativeArea:  NC
                    postalCode:  28801-5001
                    country:  USA
                    electronicMailAddress:  ncdc.ghcnm@noaa.gov
                hoursOfService:  8:00 - 6:00 Eastern
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            positionName:  Customer Engagement Branch
            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  1-828-271-4800
                    facsimile:  1-828-271-4876
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  151 Patton Avenue
                    deliveryPoint:  Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468
                    city:  Asheville
                    administrativeArea:  NC
                    postalCode:  28801-5001
                    country:  USA
                    electronicMailAddress:  ncei.orders@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                    name:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
                    description:  NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                hoursOfService:  8:00 - 6:00 Eastern
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
        resourceMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
            maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) daily
        graphicOverview:  (MD_BrowseGraphic)
            fileName: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/images/C00839_GHCNM-Stations.jpg
            fileDescription:  GHCN-M Station Map
            fileType:  JPG
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Maximum/Minimum Temperature
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2018
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
                edition:  Version 8.6
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                            name:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
                            description:  The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Geographic Region > Global
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2018
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
                edition:  Version 8.6
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                            name:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
                            description:  The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Vertical Location > Land Surface
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) stratum
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2018
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
                edition:  Version 8.6
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                            name:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
                            description:  The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Meteorological Stations
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) platform
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2018
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
                edition:  Version 8.6
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                            name:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
                            description:  The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Thermometers
            keyword:  Rain Gauges
            keyword:  Barometers
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) instrument
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2018
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
                edition:  Version 8.6
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                            name:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
                            description:  The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
            keyword:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) dataCentre
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2018
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
                edition:  Version 8.6
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                            name:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
                            description:  The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  **Please note, GHCN-Monthly provides climatological observations for four elements; monthly mean maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature, and monthly total precipitation. Precipitation are available in version 2, monthly mean maximum and minimum temperature in version 3, and monthly mean temperature is also now available in the Version 4 BETA release. Users of monthly mean temperature should use the most recently available fully operational version except in some cases (e.g., when reproducing previous studies that used a previous version).**
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Users should cite this dataset as: Jay H. Lawrimore, Matthew J. Menne, Byron E. Gleason, Claude N. Williams, David B. Wuertz, Russell S. Vose, and Jared Rennie (2011): Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN-M), Version 3. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5X34VDR [access date].
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Publications using this dataset should also reference the following article: J. H. Lawrimore, M. J. Menne, B. E. Gleason, C. N. Williams, D. B. Wuertz, R. S. Vose, and J. Rennie (2011), An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network monthly mean temperature data set, version 3, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D19121, doi:10.1029/2011JD016187.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            accessConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
        aggregationInfo:  (MD_AggregateInformation)
            aggregateDataSetName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network monthly mean temperature data set, version 3.
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2011-10-15
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984-2012)
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Lawrimore, Jay H.
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Menne, Matthew J.
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Gleason, Byron E.
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  William, Claude N.
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Wuertz, David B.
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Vose, Russell S.
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Rennie, Jared
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName: (missing)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016187
                            applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                            name:  An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network monthly mean temperature data set, version 3
                            description:  Link to more information about the publication
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                    role: (inapplicable)
                series:  (CI_Series)
                    name:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984-2012)
                    issueIdentification:  Vol. 116, Issue D19
            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
            initiativeType:  (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) collection
        aggregationInfo:  (MD_AggregateInformation)
            aggregateDataSetName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly(GHCN-M), Version 2
                date: (missing)
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName: (missing)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.ncdc:C00835/html
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                            name:  Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN-M), Version 2
                            description:  **Current Version of Precipitation Product** For access and information about the current dataset version, please follow the link.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role: (inapplicable)
            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) largerWorkCitation
            initiativeType:  (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) collection
        aggregationInfo:  (MD_AggregateInformation)
            aggregateDataSetName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly Temperature(GHCN-M), Version 4 (BETA)
                date: (missing)
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName: (missing)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.ncdc:C00950/html
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                            name:  Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly Temperature (GHCN-M), Version 4 (BETA)
                            description:  **Newest BETA Version of Temperature Product** For access and information about the current dataset version, please follow the link.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role: (inapplicable)
            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) largerWorkCitation
            initiativeType:  (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) collection
        language:  eng; USA
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
            geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
                westBoundLongitude:  -180.0
                eastBoundLongitude:  180.0
                southBoundLatitude:  -90.0
                northBoundLatitude:  90.0
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    beginPosition:  1701-01-01
                    endPosition:
return to top
    distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)
        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        electronicMailAddress:  ncei.info@noaa.gov
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
                        name:  NCEI Contact Information
                        description:  Information for contacts at NCEI.
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) distributor
            distributionOrderProcess:  (MD_StandardOrderProcess)
                fees:  In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
                orderingInstructions:  Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
            distributorFormat:  (MD_Format)
                name:  fixed-length ASCII text
                version: (missing)
                specification:  See GHCN-M documentation for details.
            distributorFormat:  (MD_Format)
                name:  XML
                version: (missing)
            distributorTransferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://doi.org/10.7289/V5X34VDR
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Landing Page
                    name:  NCEI Dataset Landing Page
                    description:  Landing page for the dataset.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            distributorTransferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v3/
                    applicationProfile:  Download
                    name:  NCEI Public FTP Server
                    description:  Access to the data via FTP. (Available for a limited time only--see Version 4 BETA release for more information)
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
            distributorTransferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v3/techreports/Technical%20Report%20GHCNM%20No15-01.pdf
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Information
                    name:  GHCN-M Technical Report No. GHCNM-15-01
                    description:  For more information, please refer to the the report entitled "Modifications to GHCN-Monthly (version 3.3.0) and USHCN (version 2.5.5) processing systems"
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            distributorTransferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v3/README
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                    name:  GHCN-Monthly README
                    description:  This document provides a general overview of the GHNC-Monthly Version 3 dataset
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            distributorTransferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v3/status.txt
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                    name:  GHCN-Monthly Version 3 Status Page
                    description:  The GHCN-Monthly Status document provides interim update information for the dataset.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            distributorTransferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
                unitsOfDistribution:  Region: US-central-1
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://console.cloud.google.com/marketplace/details/noaa-public/ghcn-m
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Information
                    name:  Google Cloud Landing Page (Region: US-central-1)
                    description:  Information on Google Cloud data access.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
return to top
    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
            extent:  #boundingExtent
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement:  GHCN-Monthly Version 3 is a standardized view of thousands of meteorological stations across the world. Each data point is subject to extensive quality control procedures and duplication checks to ensure the that the highest quality observations are included. For more information, please review documentation.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  GHCNM 3.2.0 was released on 9/6/2012
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2012-09-06T00:00:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  GHCNM 3.2.1 was released on 2/12/2013
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2013-02-12T00:00:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  GHCNM 3.2.2 was released on 8/3/2013
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2013-08-03T00:00:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  GHCNM 3.3.0 was released on 6/9/2015
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-06-09T00:00:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
return to top
    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) repository
            levelDescription:  (MD_ScopeDescription)
                other:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-04-22T00:00:00
return to top
    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details.
return to top
    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  RAIN GAUGES
            type: (missing)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  THERMOMETERS
            type: (missing)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  BAROMETERS
            type: (missing)
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS
            description: (missing)
            instrument: (missing)