NOAA Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Mole Fractions from Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, United States
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abstract: This data set contains continuous measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide mole fractions from the NOAA/ESRL observatory at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Data are expressed in hourly, daily and monthly averages in units of micromole/mole for the time period of 1974-2013. Data are archived at the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), but are produced and available from NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL).
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otherConstraints: Cite as: NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division. 2014, updated annually. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Dry Air Mole Fractions from quasi-continuous measurements at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Compiled by K.W. Thoning, D.R. Kitzis, and A. Crotwell. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Global Monitoring Division (GMD): Boulder, Colorado, USA. Version 2014-08 at http://dx.doi.org/10.7289/V54X55RG
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title: Atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory: 1. NOAA Global Monitoring for Climatic Change measurements with a nondispersive infrared analyzer
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title: Estimating uncertainty of the WMO mole fraction scale for carbon dioxide in air
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statement: CO2 mixing ratios reported in these files were measured by a nondispersive infrared absorption technique. Descriptions of the sampling, measurement, and calibration procedures are given in Komhyr et al., 1989; Thoning et al., 1989, and Zhao and Tans, 2006.
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description: Quasi-continuous CO2 dry air mole fractions from 1980 to 2006 have all been recalculated to bring them into the WMO X2007 Mole Fraction Scale (X07). The data since 2007 were already on the X07 scale. WMO X2007 is based on repeated manometric measurements of the NOAA primary standards (Zhao and Tans, 2006) and comparison of those results to similar measurements made over a period of more than 10 years at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The difference between the X07 and the previous scales propagated by SIO and NOAA (X83, X87, etc.) is ~0.2 ppm (X07-previous) in the 1980s, decreasing to ~0.1 ppm in the late 1990s, and to 0.0 ppm by 2006. The recalculation of individual measurements was accomplished by first determining the X07 values for the reference gases used to measure the air samples and then using those values with the raw data (NDIR voltages) to recompute mole fractions for each sample.
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algorithm: (LE_Algorithm)
citation: (CI_Citation)
title: The WMO Mole Fraction Scales for CO2 and other greenhouse gases, and uncertainty of the atmospheric measurements
date: (CI_Date)
date: 2009-09-07
dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: (missing)
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccl/co2report.html
applicationProfile: Web Browser
name: The WMO Mole Fraction Scales for CO2 and other greenhouse gases, and uncertainty of the atmospheric measurements
description: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) WMO Scale
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
role: (missing)
description: See Algorithm Citation
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
level: (MD_ScopeCode) repository
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other: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
lineage: (LI_Lineage)
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description: NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2015-04-22T00:00:00
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details.
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Hartmann-Braun URAS 2 #37626682
type: Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
description: Used from May 1974 to August 10, 1987
mountedOn: #MLO_Platform
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Siemens Ultramat 3 #V02-512
type: Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
description: Used from August 11, 1987 to October 19, 2004
mountedOn: #MLO_Platform
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Licor 7000 #IRG4-0319
type: Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
description: Used from October 20, 2004 to May 29, 2005
mountedOn: #MLO_Platform
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Licor 7000 #IRG4-0322
type: Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
description: Used from May 30, 2005 to December 22, 2009 and from March 30, 2010 to December 31, 2013
mountedOn: #MLO_Platform
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Licor 6251 #IRG1-0407
type: Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
description: Used from December 23, 2009 to March 9, 2010
mountedOn: #MLO_Platform
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Licor 6251
type: Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
description: Used from March 9, 2010 to March 30, 2010
mountedOn: #MLO_Platform
platform: (MI_Platform)
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code: MLO
description: Mauna Loa Observatory is located on the Island of Hawaii at an elevation of 3397 m on the northern flank of Mauna Loa volcano at 200 north. Established in 1957, Mauna Lao Observatory has grown to become the premier long-term atmospheric monitoring facility on earth and is the site where the ever-increasing concentrations of global atmospheric carbon dioxide were determined. The observatory consists of 10 buildings from which up to 250 different atmospheric parameters are measured by a complement of 12 NOAA/ESRL and other agency scientists and engineers More information at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/
sponsor: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: John Barnes
organisationName: DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
positionName: Director, Mauna Loa Observatory
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phone: (CI_Telephone)
voice: (808) 933-6965
facsimile: (808)933-6967
address: (CI_Address)
deliveryPoint: NOAA - Mauna Loa Observatory 1437 Kilauea Ave. #102
city: Hilo
administrativeArea: HI
postalCode: 96720
country: USA
electronicMailAddress: John.E.Barnes@noaa.gov
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/
name: NOAA/ESRL/GMD Mauna Loa Website
description: Website with information about the Mauna Loa Observatory
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hoursOfService: 7:30 - 5:00 UTC-10
role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
instrument: #Instrument1
instrument: #Instrument2
instrument: #Instrument3
instrument: #Instrument4
instrument: #Instrument5
instrument: #Instrument6