NOAA Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Mole Fractions from South Pole Observatory
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abstract: This data set contains continuous measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide mole fractions from the NOAA/ESRL observatory at South Pole. Data are expressed in hourly, daily and monthly averages in units of micromole/mole for the time period of 1976-2013. Data are archived at the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), but are produced and available from NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL).
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otherConstraints: Cite as: NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division. 2014, updated annually. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Dry Air Mole Fractions from quasi-continuous measurements at South Pole. Compiled by K.W. Thoning, D.R. Kitzis, and A. Crotwell. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Global Monitoring Division (GMD): Boulder, Colorado, USA. Version 2014-08 at http://dx.doi.org/10.7289/V5WH2MXN
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title: Estimating uncertainty of the WMO mole fraction scale for carbon dioxide in air
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statement: CO2 mixing ratios reported in these files were measured by a nondispersive infrared absorption technique. Descriptions of the sampling, measurement, and calibration procedures are given in Gillette et al, 1987, and Zhao and Tans, 2006.
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description: Quasi-continuous CO2 dry air mole fractions from 1980 to 2006 have all been recalculated to bring them into the WMO X2007 Mole Fraction Scale (X07). The data since 2007 were already on the X07 scale. WMO X2007 is based on repeated manometric measurements of the NOAA primary standards (Zhao and Tans, 2006) and comparison of those results to similar measurements made over a period of more than 10 years at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The difference between the X07 and the previous scales propagated by SIO and NOAA (X83, X87, etc.) is ~0.2 ppm (X07-previous) in the 1980s, decreasing to ~0.1 ppm in the late 1990s, and to 0.0 ppm by 2006. The recalculation of individual measurements was accomplished by first determining the X07 values for the reference gases used to measure the air samples and then using those values with the raw data (NDIR voltages) to recompute mole fractions for each sample.
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lineage: (LI_Lineage)
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description: NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2015-04-22T00:00:00
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details.
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Hartmann Braun Uras 2T #101
type: Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
description: Used from November 1, 1975 to November 1, 1978 and January 18, 1982 to December 5, 1990
mountedOn: #SPO_Platform
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Hartmann Braun Uras 2T #29
type: Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
description: Used from November 1, 1979 to January 18, 1982
mountedOn: #SPO_Platform
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Siemens Ultramat 5F #508423
type: Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
description: Used from December 5, 1990 to January 19, 1997
mountedOn: #SPO_Platform
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Siemens Ultramat 5 #W10-080
type: Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
description: Used from January 29, 1997 to February 8, 2001
mountedOn: #SPO_Platform
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Licor 6251
type: Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
description: Used from February 8, 2001 to present
mountedOn: #SPO_Platform
platform: (MI_Platform)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: SPO
description: The South Pole Observatory (SPO) is located at the geographic South Pole on the Antarctic plateau at an elevation of 2837 m above sea level. The South Pole Observatory was established at the geographical South Pole in 1957 as part of the International Geophysical Year. The National Science Foundation provides the infrastructure for the GMD scientific operations including a state of the art science building named the Atmospheric Research Observatory (ARO) and the Balloon Inflation Facility (BIF). Two GMD observatory staff members spend one year tours of duty at the station which includes a 9 month period of isolation and six months of darkness. The ARO facility is approximately 500-m grid east-northeast of the new elevated station. This location is generally separated and upwind from station operations. The grid system is used at South Pole Station to define Cartesian coordinates. Grid north (0 degrees/360 degrees) is defined as the line representing the prime meridian or zero line of longitude and is called "north". The 180 degrees line from South Pole is referred to as "south". A Clean Air Sector (CAS) was established and is defined as the area beyond the ARO facility from grid 340 degrees to grid 110 degrees. The prevailing winds at the South Pole are from CAS more than 90 percent of the time. CAS was established to preserve the unique atmospheric and terrestrial conditions from South Pole Station influences. Except for special circumstances, access to the CAS is prohibited. This includes foot and vehicle traffic. Aircraft activity is limited in CAS, and guidelines for scientific or other activities are under discussion at this time. The pristine nature of CAS is strictly preserved, not just for the current scientific activities, but also for future science at South Pole.
sponsor: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: Brian Vasel
organisationName: DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
positionName: Chief, Observatory Operations
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
phone: (CI_Telephone)
voice: (303) 497-6655
facsimile: (303) 497-6290
address: (CI_Address)
deliveryPoint: 325 Broadway, R/GMD1
city: Boulder
administrativeArea: CO
postalCode: 80305
country: USA
electronicMailAddress: Brian.Vasel@noaa.gov
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/spo/
name: NOAA/ESRL/GMD South Pole Observatory Website
description: Website with information about the South Pole Observatory
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode)
hoursOfService: 7:30 - 5:00 UTC-7
role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
instrument: #Instrument1
instrument: #Instrument2
instrument: #Instrument3
instrument: #Instrument4
instrument: #Instrument5