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NOAA Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Mole Fractions from Barrow Observatory, Alaska, United States


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            title:  NOAA Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Mole Fractions from Barrow Observatory, Alaska, United States
            alternateTitle:  Barrow CO2
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                date:  2014-08-05
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                  Anchor:  DOI doi:10.7289/V5RR1W6B
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        abstract:  This data set contains continuous measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide mole fractions from the NOAA/ESRL observatory at Barrow, Alaska. Data are expressed in hourly, daily and monthly averages in units of micromole/mole for the time period of 1973-2013. Data are archived at the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), but are produced and available from NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL).
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            otherConstraints:  Cite as: NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division. 2014, updated annually. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Dry Air Mole Fractions from quasi-continuous measurements at Barrow, Alaska. Compiled by K.W. Thoning, D.R. Kitzis, and A. Crotwell. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Global Monitoring Division (GMD): Boulder, Colorado, USA. Version 2014-08 at http://dx.doi.org/10.7289/V5RR1W6B
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            otherConstraints:  Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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            otherConstraints:  Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
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                title:  Atmospheric CO2 variations at Barrow, Alaska, 1973 -1982
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                    date:  1986-12-01
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                edition:  Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry , Volume 4, Issue 4 , pp 491-510
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                            linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00053848
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                            name:  Atmospheric CO2 variations at Barrow, Alaska, 1973 -1982
                            description:  Wiley Online Library
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                title:  Estimating uncertainty of the WMO mole fraction scale for carbon dioxide in air
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2006-03-26
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                edition:  Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, 111, D8, 27
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                    code:  10.1029/2005JD006003
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                    organisationName:  Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres
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                            linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006003
                            applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                            name:  Estimating uncertainty of the WMO mole fraction scale for carbon dioxide in air
                            description:  Wiley Online Library
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                    role: (missing)
            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
            initiativeType:  (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) sciencePaper
        language:  eng; USA
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
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            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    description:  ground condition
                    beginPosition:  1973-07-24
                    endPosition:  2013-12-31
                    timeInterval:  1
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                organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                        name:  NCEI Contact Information
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                fees:  In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
                orderingInstructions:  Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
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                    linkage: ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/trace_gases/co2/in-situ/surface/brw/
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            statement:  CO2 mixing ratios reported in these files were measured by a nondispersive infrared absorption technique. Descriptions of the sampling, measurement, and calibration procedures are given in Peterson et al, 1986, and Zhao and Tans, 2006.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Quasi-continuous CO2 dry air mole fractions from 1980 to 2006 have all been recalculated to bring them into the WMO X2007 Mole Fraction Scale (X07). The data since 2007 were already on the X07 scale. WMO X2007 is based on repeated manometric measurements of the NOAA primary standards (Zhao and Tans, 2006) and comparison of those results to similar measurements made over a period of more than 10 years at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The difference between the X07 and the previous scales propagated by SIO and NOAA (X83, X87, etc.) is ~0.2 ppm (X07-previous) in the 1980s, decreasing to ~0.1 ppm in the late 1990s, and to 0.0 ppm by 2006. The recalculation of individual measurements was accomplished by first determining the X07 values for the reference gases used to measure the air samples and then using those values with the raw data (NDIR voltages) to recompute mole fractions for each sample.
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                        citation:  (CI_Citation)
                            title:  The WMO Mole Fraction Scales for CO2 and other greenhouse gases, and uncertainty of the atmospheric measurements
                            date:  (CI_Date)
                                date:  2009-09-07
                                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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                                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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                                        linkage: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccl/co2report.html
                                        applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                                        name:  The WMO Mole Fraction Scales for CO2 and other greenhouse gases, and uncertainty of the atmospheric measurements
                                        description:  Carbon Dioxide (CO2) WMO Scale
                                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                                role: (missing)
                        description:  See Algorithm Citation
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                other:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
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                description:  NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-04-22T00:00:00
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details.
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Unor 2 #631521
            type:  Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
            description:  Used from July 1973 to August 14, 1975 and from August 4, 1976 to August 14, 1978
            mountedOn:  #BRW_Platform
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Unor 2 #631268
            type:  Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
            description:  Used from August 14, 1975 to August 3, 1976
            mountedOn:  #BRW_Platform
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Hartmann-Braun Uras 2T #111
            type:  Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
            description:  Used from August 14, 1978 to May 1, 1996
            mountedOn:  #BRW_Platform
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Siemens Ultramat 5 #X08-421
            type:  Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
            description:  Used from May 1, 1996 to December 5, 2002
            mountedOn:  #BRW_Platform
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Licor 6251 #IRG1-259
            type:  Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer
            description:  Used from December 05, 2002
            mountedOn:  #BRW_Platform
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  BRW
            description:  Barrow, Alaska Observatory (BRW), established in 1973, is located on the northern most point of the United States. It is about 8 km northeast of the village of Barrow and has a prevailing east-northeast wind off the Beaufort Sea. In addition, the National Weather Service (NWS) maintains a weather observing facility in Barrow. Although the measurements at Barrow are made over open tundra, there are large lagoons and a number of lakes in the vicinity, and the Arctic Ocean is less than 3 km northwest of the site. Because of its proximity to these bodies of water and the fact that the prevailing winds are off the Beaufort Sea, BRW is perhaps best characterized as having an Arctic maritime climate affected by variations of weather and sea ice conditions in the Central Arctic. This facility is manned year round by 2 engineers/scientists to complete routine inspections and maintenance of the instruments. Due to its unique location, dedicated and highly trained staff, and excellent power and communications infrastructure, the Barrow Observatory is host to numerous cooperative research projects from around the world.
            sponsor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Brian Vasel
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                positionName:  Chief, Observatory Operations
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  (303) 497-6655
                        facsimile:  (303) 497-6290
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        deliveryPoint:  325 Broadway, R/GMD1
                        city:  Boulder
                        administrativeArea:  CO
                        postalCode:  80305
                        country:  USA
                        electronicMailAddress:  Brian.Vasel@noaa.gov
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/brw/
                        name:  NOAA/ESRL/GMD Barrow Website
                        description:  Website with information about the Barrow Observatory
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                    hoursOfService:  7:30 - 5:00 UTC-7
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
            instrument:  #Instrument1
            instrument:  #Instrument2
            instrument:  #Instrument3
            instrument:  #Instrument4
            instrument:  #Instrument5