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Hurricane Satellite (HURSAT) from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) B1, Version 6


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    dateStamp:  2023-06-23
    metadataStandardName:  ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
    metadataStandardVersion:  ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
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                title:  EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset Registry
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                    date:  2008-11-12
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        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  Hurricane Satellite (HURSAT) from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) B1, Version 6
            alternateTitle:  HURSAT B1
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2017-05-01
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2017-01-02
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) creation
            edition:  Version 6
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:
                  Anchor:  DOI doi:10.7289/V55X274D
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  NCEI DSI 3641_04
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  gov.noaa.ncdc:C00997
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Knapp, Ken
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Knapp, Ken
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                individualName:  Kossin, James
                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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                individualName:  Kossin, James
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        abstract:  The Hurricane Satellite (HURSAT) from derived International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) B1 observations of tropical cyclones worldwide. The B1 data are subsampled observations from the global constellation of geostationary satellites (GOES, Meteosat, GMS, and FY2 series) spanning 1978 through to present year. The data include infrared window, visible and other channels available from the satellite instruments. IBTrACS (International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship) best track locations of all global tropical cyclones were temporally interpolated to match the satellite data resolution. The satellite data were then gridded to 8km, with grid centers fixed on the tropical cyclone center of circulation at 3-hour intervals. Data are provided in a convenient NetCDF format which is self-documenting and follows standard storage and metadata conventions. HURSAT version 6 also contains information about the image derived from storm centering algorithms including ARCHER [Wimmer's SSEC algorithm] and the axisymmetric technique. Azimuthal statistics derived from these positions are also provided. Version 6 supersedes all other HURSAT B1 versions.
        purpose:  To provide a cohesive data set of historical tropical cyclone centered imagery for future analysis (e.g., forecast development, climate analysis, etc.).
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                    city:  Asheville
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                    postalCode:  28801-5001
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            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Tropical Cyclones
            keyword:  Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Natural Hazards > Tropical Cyclones > Hurricanes
            keyword:  Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Natural Hazards > Tropical Cyclones > Hurricanes
            keyword:  Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Natural Hazards > Tropical Cyclones > Typhoons
            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Anticyclones/Cyclones
            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Sea Level Pressure
            keyword:  Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Pressure > Sea Level Pressure
            keyword:  Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Radiance
            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Albedo
            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Net Radiation
            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness
            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
            keyword:  Earth Science > Spectral/Engineering > Infrared Wavelengths
            keyword:  Earth Science > Spectral/Engineering > Visible Wavelengths
            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
            keyword:  Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
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                    date:  2018
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                edition:  Version 8.6
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                    organisationName:  Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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            keyword:  Oceanic - Surface - Sea Level
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                title:  Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)
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                    date:  2017
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        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Geographic Region > Global
            keyword:  Geographic Region > Equatorial
            keyword:  Geographic Region > Global Ocean
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
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                            linkage: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords
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                            description:  The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
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            keyword:  Vertical Location > Sea Surface
            keyword:  Vertical Location > Mesosphere
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
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                            name:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
                            description:  The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
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            keyword:  VAS > VISSR Atmospheric Sounder
            keyword:  JAMI > Japanese Advanced Meteorological Imager
            keyword:  SEVIRI > Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager
            keyword:  GOES I-M IMAGER
            keyword:  VISSR-METEOSAT > Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (METEOSAT Series)
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) instrument
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                    organisationName:  Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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                            description:  The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
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            keyword:  GOES-1 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 1
            keyword:  GOES-2 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 2
            keyword:  GOES-3 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 3
            keyword:  GOES-4 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 4
            keyword:  GOES-5 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 5
            keyword:  GOES-6 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 6
            keyword:  GOES-7 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 7
            keyword:  GOES-8 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 8
            keyword:  GOES-9 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 9
            keyword:  GOES-10 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 10
            keyword:  GOES-11 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 11
            keyword:  GOES-12 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 12
            keyword:  SMS-2 > Synchronous Meteorological Satellite 2
            keyword:  METEOSAT-4 > Meteosat Operational Programme 1 (MOP-1)
            keyword:  METEOSAT-5 > Meteosat Operational Programme 2 (MOP-2)
            keyword:  METEOSAT-6 > Meteosat Operational Programme 3 (MOP-3)
            keyword:  METEOSAT-7
            keyword:  GMS-1 > Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-1
            keyword:  GMS-2 > Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-2
            keyword:  GMS-3 > Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-3
            keyword:  GMS-4 > Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-4
            keyword:  GMS-5 > Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-5
            keyword:  MTSAT-1R > Multi-functional Transport Satellite 1 Replacement
            keyword:  METEOSAT-8
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                    organisationName:  Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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                            linkage: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
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                            name:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
                            description:  The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  1 km - < 10 km or approximately .01 degree - < .09 degree
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) dataResolution
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Horizontal Data Resolution Keywords
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                    date:  2018
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
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                            linkage: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords
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                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
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        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Hourly - < Daily
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Temporal Data Resolution Keywords
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            keyword:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
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                    date:  2018
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
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                            description:  The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_Constraints)
            useLimitation:  The data are not original resolution satellite data. Instead, all images are approximately 8km resolution.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Cite as: Knapp, K. R.; Kossin, J. P. (2017): Hurricane Satellite (HURSAT) from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) B1, Version 6. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Center for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V55X274D [access date]. Also cite this paper when data is used as a source: Knapp, K. R. and J. P. Kossin, 2007: New global tropical cyclone data from ISCCP B1 geostationary satellite observations.Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 1, 013505. doi:10.1117/1.2712816
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            accessConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
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                title:  New global tropical cyclone data from ISCCP B1 geostationary satellite observations
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2007-02-08
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                edition:  Volume 1, issue 1, 013505
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                    code: http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2712816
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                    organisationName:  Journal of Applied Remote Sensing
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                            linkage: http://remotesensing.spiedigitallibrary.org/article.aspx?articleid=707767
                            applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                            name:  New global tropical cyclone data from ISCCP B1 geostationary satellite observations
                            description:  Journal of Applied Remote Sensing landing page for science paper
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            initiativeType:  (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) sciencePaper
        spatialRepresentationType:  (MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode) grid
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            distance:
              Distance:  8000
        language:  eng; USA
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
        environmentDescription:  The data are produced on Linux systems using IDL scripts. The ARCHER module was provided as a Matlab program, so is processed in Matlab. ARCHER data is passed back to IDL to be included in final HURSAT netCDF files.
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
            geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
                extentTypeCode:  1
                westBoundLongitude:  -180.0
                eastBoundLongitude:  180.0
                southBoundLatitude:  -90.0
                northBoundLatitude:  90.0
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    description:  ground condition
                    beginPosition:  1978-05-30
                    endPosition:
                    timeInterval:  3
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    distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)
        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        electronicMailAddress:  ncei.info@noaa.gov
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
                        name:  NCEI Contact Information
                        description:  Information for contacts at NCEI.
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) distributor
            distributionOrderProcess:  (MD_StandardOrderProcess)
                fees:  In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
                orderingInstructions:  Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
            distributorFormat:  (MD_Format)
                name:  XML
                version: (missing)
            distributorFormat:  (MD_Format)
                name:  netCDF
                version:  version 4
                specification:  CF convention
                fileDecompressionTechnique:  netCDF internal compression is applied
            distributorTransferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://doi.org/10.7289/V55X274D
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Landing Page
                    name:  NCEI Dataset Landing Page
                    description:  Landing page for the dataset.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            distributorTransferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
                transferSize: (missing)
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/hursat/index.php
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Information
                    name:  HURSAT Home Page
                    description:  Project page with dataset information.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            distributorTransferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
                transferSize: (missing)
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/hurricane-satellite-hursat-b1/doc/v06/
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Documentation
                    name:  Dataset Documentation
                    description:  Please refer to the documentation file for more information about the dataset.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            distributorTransferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
                transferSize:
                  Real:  40
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/hurricane-satellite-hursat-b1/archive/v06/
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Download
                    name:  NCEI data download
                    description:  Direct download links for dataset files.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
            extent:  #boundingExtent
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement:  The HURSAT data are created by merging the IBTrACS data (which provides positions of tropical cyclones) with the ISCCP B1 data (which are subsampled geostationary data). The IBTrACS positions of tropical cyclones are interpolated in time to match the geostationary image time. The geostationary data are then interpolated to a latitude/longitude grid centered on the cyclone center, using nearest neighbor. The resulting data are stored in netCDF files. Some cyclone centering techniques are applied to the data and their results are stored in the netCDF files as well.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Identify tropical cyclone(s) in satellite data.
                rationale:  Need to know where the tropical cyclones are.
                dateTime: (missing)
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
                source:  sd001
                source:  sd002
                processingInformation:  (LE_Processing)
                    identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                        code:  IDL routines for the entire HURSAT routine are in the NCEI SVN repository: https://conman.ncdc.noaa.gov/svn-repos/hursat/b1/tags/v06/
                    algorithm:  (LE_Algorithm)
                        citation:  (CI_Citation)
                            title:  New global tropical cyclone data set from ISCCP B1 geostationary satellite observations
                            date:  (CI_Date)
                                date:  2007-02-01
                                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                            edition:  Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, Volume 1 Issue 1
                            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                                organisationName:  SPIE
                                role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
                            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                                organisationName: (missing)
                                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                                        linkage: https://spie.org/Publications/Journal/10.1117/1.2712816
                                        protocol:  HTTPS
                                        applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                                        name:  New global tropical cyclone data set from ISCCP B1 geostationary satellite observations
                                        description:  Website for the journal
                                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                                role: (missing)
                        description:  See Algorithm Citation
                    algorithm:  (LE_Algorithm)
                        citation:  (CI_Citation)
                            title:  Scientific data stewardship of international satellite cloud climatology project B1 global geostationary observations
                            date:  (CI_Date)
                                date:  2008-11-19
                                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                            edition:  Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, Volume 2 Issue 1
                            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                                code:  doi:10.1117/1.3043461
                            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                                organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                                role:  (CI_RoleCode) principalInvestigator
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                                organisationName: (missing)
                                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                        linkage: http://remotesensing.spiedigitallibrary.org/article.aspx?articleid=708154
                                        applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                                        name:  Scientific data stewardship of international satellite cloud climatology project B1 global geostationary observations
                                        description:  SPIE/JARS manuscript describing the B1 data used in the HURSAT production
                                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                                role: (missing)
                        description:  See Algorithm Citation
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Calculate spatial grid from satellite data
                rationale:  Produce satellite imagery centered on active tropical cyclones
                dateTime: (missing)
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Calculate objective storm center using the ARCHER algorithm
                rationale:  The ARCHER routine objectively identifies the storm center using IR scene data. This reduces the impact of navigation errors in the source ISCCP B1 data.
                dateTime: (missing)
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
                processingInformation:  (LE_Processing)
                    identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                        code:  ARCHER algorithm which is available from the scientist Tony Wimmers
                    algorithm:  (LE_Algorithm)
                        citation:  (CI_Citation)
                            title:  Advancements in Objective Multisatellite Tropical Cyclone Center Fixing
                            date:  (CI_Date)
                                date:  2016-01-01
                                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                            edition:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Volume 55
                            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                                code:  doi: 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0098.1
                            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                                organisationName:  AMS
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                                organisationName: (missing)
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                                        linkage: https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0098.1
                                        applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                                        name:  Advancements in Objective Multisatellite Tropical Cyclone Center Fixing
                                        description:  URL for algorithm description in AMS journal
                                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                                role: (missing)
                        description:  See Algorithm Citation
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Write ARCHER parameters and other statistics of the gridded data to final netCDF file
                rationale:  Need to get the ARCHER information (produced with Matlab and output stored in ASCII) back to the HURSAT netCDF file. Azimuthal averages are produced based on various estimates of the storm center, including the ARCHER algorithm.
                dateTime: (missing)
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            source:  (LE_Source)
                description:  IBTrACS
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2010-09-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    edition:  v03r08 (newer versions are used for annual updates)
                    identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                        code:  C00834
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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                        organisationName: (missing)
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://doi.org/10.7289/V5NK3BZP
                                applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                                name:  International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship
                                description:  AMS/BAMS manuscript describing IBTrACS data.
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
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                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
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                          TimePeriod:
                            beginPosition:  1978-01-01
                            endPosition:
                sourceStep:  ps001
            source:  (LE_Source)
                description:  ISCCP B1 data
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  ISCCP B1 [Subsampled Geostationary meteorological satellite data]
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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                        organisationName: (missing)
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/gridsat/isccp-b1-info.php
                                protocol:  HTTPS
                                applicationProfile:  Web Browser
                                name:  ISCCP B1 [Subsampled Geostationary meteorological satellite data]
                                description:  Description of B1U dataset
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                        role: (missing)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimePeriod:
                            beginPosition:  1978-01-01
                            endPosition:
                sourceStep:  ps001
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) repository
            levelDescription:  (MD_ScopeDescription)
                other:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-04-22T00:00:00
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) annually
        maintenanceNote:  Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details.