Earth System Research Laboratory Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Group Flask-Air Sample Measurements of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, H2, and SF6 from the Aircraft Program, 1992-Present
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title: Earth System Research Laboratory Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Group Flask-Air Sample Measurements of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, H2, and SF6 from the Aircraft Program, 1992-Present
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Anchor: DOI doi:10.7289/V5N58JMF
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abstract: The Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network for the Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases (CCGG) Group is part of NOAA'S Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) in Boulder, CO. The Reference Network measures the atmospheric distribution and trends of the three main long-term drivers of climate change, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), as well as carbon monoxide (CO) which is an important indicator of air pollution. The Reference Network measurement program includes continuous in-situ measurements at 4 baseline observatories (global background sites) and 8 tall towers, as well as flask-air samples collected by volunteers at over 50 additional regional background sites and from small aircraft. The air samples are returned to ESRL for analysis where measurements of about 55 trace gases are done. NOAA's Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network maintains the World Meteorological Organization international calibration scales for CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, and SF6 in air. The measurements of the Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network serve as a comparison with measurements made by many other international laboratories, and with regional studies. They are widely used in studies inferring space-time patterns of emissions and removals of greenhouse gases that are optimally consistent with the atmospheric observations. They serve as an early warning for climate "surprises". The measurements are also helpful for the ongoing evaluation of remote sensing technologies. Aircraft Program Measurements: Since its inception in 1992, the Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network's aircraft program has been dedicated to collecting air samples in vertical profiles over North America. The program's mission is to capture seasonal and inter-annual changes in trace gas mixing ratios throughout the boundary layer and free troposphere. Data collected by the aircraft program provide a view of how the large-scale horizontal and vertical distribution of the measured trace gases change throughout a given year over the continent. The measured data are baseline levels, trends, and causes of variability of atmospheric gases that have the potential to affect global climate. The historical data set contains measurements from 31 aircraft program missions. The ongoing data set is contingent upon the aircraft program missions that are still in use going forward. At present, most aircraft program flights collect 12 flask samples at different altitudes via a portable, automated sampling system. At a predetermined altitude, the sampling system is simply activated by a toggle switch that is easily accessible to the pilot. Time, location and auxiliary variables such as temperature and relative humidity are logged with each sample and downloaded into the NOAA/ESRL database when the samples are returned to the laboratory. Sampling frequency and height distribution varies at each site, but samples are collected from 500 m above ground to 8000 m above sea level at the majority of aircraft sites. While sampling flights have been conducted at some sites as often as two to three times per week, sample flights at most sites are only carried out once every two to three weeks. Through the Big Earth Data Initiative (BEDI), ESRL/GMD has taken their data collection and converted files into NetCDF-4, a self-describing format.
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otherConstraints: Cite as: C. Sweeney, J. Higgs, S. Wolter, A. Crotwell, D. Neff, E. Dlugokencky, P. Lang, P. Novelli, J. Mund, E. Moglia, M. Crotwell, and NOAA ESRL (2017): Earth System Research Laboratory Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Group Flask-Air Sample Measurements of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, H2, and SF6 from the Aircraft Program, 1992-Present, Version 1. [User indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. DOI: 10.7289/V5N58JMF [User indicate access date].
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dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
edition: Volume 6, Issue 2
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: doi:10.5194/essd-6-375-2014
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organisationName: Earth System Science Data
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name: ObsPack: a framework for the preparation, delivery, and attribution of atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements
description: PDF of ObsPack Paper
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title: Seasonal climatology of CO2 across North America from aircraft measurements in the NOAA/ESRL Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network
date: (CI_Date)
date: 2015-05-23
dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
edition: Volume 120, Issue 10
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: 10.1002/2014JD022591
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres
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contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
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linkage: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JD022591/epdf
applicationProfile: Web Browser
name: Seasonal climatology of CO2 across North America from aircraft measurements in the NOAA/ESRL Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network
description: PDF from Wiley Online Library
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
role: (missing)
associationType: (DS_AssociationTypeCode) largerWorkCitation
initiativeType: (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) sciencePaper
language: eng; USA
topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
environmentDescription: The processing environment is a custom software suite on a Linux platform.
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extentTypeCode: 1
westBoundLongitude: -180.0
eastBoundLongitude: 180.0
southBoundLatitude: -90.0
northBoundLatitude: 90.0
temporalElement: (EX_TemporalExtent)
extent:
TimePeriod:
description: ground condition
beginPosition: 1992-11-09
endPosition:
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distributionInfo: (MD_Distribution)
distributor: (MD_Distributor)
distributorContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
address: (CI_Address)
electronicMailAddress: ncei.info@noaa.gov
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
name: NCEI Contact Information
description: Information for contacts at NCEI.
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
role: (CI_RoleCode) distributor
distributionOrderProcess: (MD_StandardOrderProcess)
fees: In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
orderingInstructions: Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
distributorFormat: (MD_Format)
name: XML
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distributorFormat: (MD_Format)
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linkage: https://doi.org/10.7289/V5N58JMF
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name: NCEI Dataset Landing Page
description: Landing page for the dataset.
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linkage: https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/aircraft/
protocol: HTTPS
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name: ESRL/GMD CCGG Group Website
description: Project page with dataset information.
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onLine: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/obspack/data.php?id=CCGGAircraftFlask
protocol: HTTPS
applicationProfile: Download
name: ESRL/GMD ObsPack Aircraft Direct Download Website
description: Direct download for dataset files.
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
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statement: Raw data from the 12-pack flask sampling systems from the aircraft flights are sent back to NOAA/ESRL in Boulder, CO for analysis. The greenhouse gases are measured by the Measurement of Atmospheric Gases that Influence Climate Change (MAGICC) system on one of two nearly-identical automated analytical systems. Halocarbons and hydrocarbons are measured using a GC/mass spectrometric technique. A subset of 12-pack flasks is also analyzed for isotopes of CO2 at the University of Colorado INSTAAR Stable Isotope Lab. There are multiple levels of quality control for 12-pack flask samples taken at each aircraft site, but there are also multiple sources of errors that are assessed in the lab. Once data are analyzed the data are compiled into standard NetCDF files at ESRL/GMD and are archived at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Aircraft flights that use programmable 12-flask sampling systems (comprised of a programmable compressor package and a programmable flask package) to collect upper data.
rationale: To take raw observations at various heigh distributions throughout flights.
dateTime: (missing)
processor: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
role: (CI_RoleCode) processor
source: sd001
source: (LE_Source)
description: ESRL GMD Aircraft Program Flights
sourceCitation: (CI_Citation)
title: Earth System Research Laboratory Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Group Flask-Air Sample Measurements of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, H2, and SF6 from the Aircraft Program, 1992-Present
date: (missing)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: DOI: 10.7289/V5N58JMF
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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northBoundLatitude: 90.0
temporalElement: (EX_TemporalExtent)
extent:
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beginPosition: 1992-11-09
endPosition:
sourceStep: ps001
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
level: (MD_ScopeCode) repository
levelDescription: (MD_ScopeDescription)
other: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
lineage: (LI_Lineage)
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2015-04-22T00:00:00
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details.
