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MCSST Orbital GAC MCSST Level 2 (NAVOCEANO) orbital 9km for 100W - 45E and 90N - 70S, from NOAA-16 AVHRR/2 over the EU-RDAC area (Medspiration) for 2006-08-05 (NCEI Accession 0004962)


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            title:  MCSST Orbital GAC MCSST Level 2 (NAVOCEANO) orbital 9km for 100W - 45E and 90N - 70S, from NOAA-16 AVHRR/2 over the EU-RDAC area (Medspiration) for 2006-08-05 (NCEI Accession 0004962)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/2255 Edward M. Armstrong
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/207 US NASA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1238 Medspiration
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/207 US NASA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
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        abstract:  High quality Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) maps derived from the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)-Polar Orbiting Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) have been available since 1981. The multichannel sea surface temperature algorithm (MCSST) has been used to routinely calculate SSTs using a split window approach. Currently this algorithm is applied by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) to calculate SSTs at a near real-time rate. The multichannel sea surface temperature algorithm uses a set of linear coefficients to retrieve sea surface temperature from the brightness radiances. Improved cloud retrieval algorithms applied by NAVOCEANO have significantly increased the number of SST pixels flagged as cloud free, as compared to previous MCSST data sets. The NAVOCEANO MCSST data sets provide a high quality near real time sea surface temperature dataset with a high number of cloud free retrievals. Additionally the orbital temporal and 9km spatial resolutions allow this data to be used in a quasi real time mode for detection of mesoscale features such as eddies associated with major current systems. The history of SST computation from AVHRR radiances is discussed at length by [McClain et al., 1985]. Briefly, radiative transfer theory is used to correct for the effects of the atmosphere on the observations by utilizing 'windows' of the electromagnetic spectrum where little or no atmospheric absorption occurs. Channel radiances are transformed (through the use of the Planck function) to units of temperature, then compared to a-priori temperatures measured at the surface. This comparison yields coefficients which, when applied to the global AVHRR data, give estimates of surface temperature which have been nominally accurate to 0.7 degrees Celsius. Each AVHRR scan views Earth for 51.282 milliseconds, during which time each channel of the analog data output is digitized. Scans occur at the rate of 6 per second, and the sampling rate of the AVHRR sensors is 39,936 samples per second per channel. During a scan, the detectors view an internal target, cold space, and the external scene. The temperature of the internal target is monitored, and space is assumed to have a black- body temperature of 3K. In this way, a simple two-point linear calibration is done internally (Schwalb, 1978). The nonlinear modification to this calibration is achieved at the time of postprocessing, and takes into account sensor nonlinearities, measurement of internal target temperature, calculation of target radiance, internal reflections and emissions, etc. Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry: The AVHRR has a cross-track scanning system which use an elliptical beryllium mirror rotating at 360 RPM about an axis parallel to the Earth. The 110.8 degree cross-track scan equates to a swath width of about 2700 km. This swath width is greater than the 25.3 degree separation between successive orbital tracks, and provides overlapping coverage. Coverage is global, twice daily, at an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of ~1.4 milliradians, giving a ground field of view of ~1.1 km at nadir for a nominal altitude of 833 km. Full resolution AVHRR data are continuously transmitted and recorded in High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) format. The Global Area Coverage (GAC) data are subsampled to approximately 4 km IFOV, recorded internally, and downlinked daily. The MCSST coefficients are then applied to the infrared brightness radiances to convert to SST. A level 2 declouded product produced by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) is then downloaded to JPL for distribution. The level-2 product is available in orbital files with a spatial resolution of approximately 9 kilometers. There are approximately 28 files per day for the NOAA-14 and NOAA-16 data. The spatial coverage is not uniform because of cloud coverage, which prevents the AVHRR instrument from seeing the ocean. Data Organization: Granularity: (http://harp.gsfc.nasa.gov:1729/eosdis_documents/glossary.of.terms.html.
        purpose:  This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/319 SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/project/details/385 Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST)
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                title:  ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes
                date: (inapplicable)
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            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/3d4e44c4-5d99-4a9b-8388-43c63533ee97 GEOGRAPHIC REGION > GLOBAL OCEAN
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2023
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
                edition:  17
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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                            city:  Greenbelt
                            administrativeArea:  MD
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                            linkage: https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            name:  GCMD Keyword Forum Page
                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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            useLimitation:  accessLevel: Public
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Cite as: Armstrong, Edward M.; NASA JPL PO.DAAC (2006). MCSST Orbital GAC MCSST Level 2 (NAVOCEANO) orbital 9km for 100W - 45E and 90N - 70S, from NOAA-16 AVHRR/2 over the EU-RDAC area (Medspiration) for 2006-08-05 (NCEI Accession 0004962). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0004962. Accessed [date].
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            useLimitation:  Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
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            otherConstraints:  Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
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            aggregateDataSetName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  GHRSST Level 2P Global Bulk Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-16 satellite (GDS version 1)
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2006-09-13
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                    authority:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
                        date: (inapplicable)
                    code:  gov.noaa.nodc:GHRSST-EUR-L2P-AVHRR16_G
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                            linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/GHRSST-EUR-L2P-AVHRR16_G
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            name:  NCEI Collection
                            description:  Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
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                    organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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          LanguageCode:  eng; USA
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        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) environment
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) oceans
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                westBoundLongitude:  -100
                eastBoundLongitude:  45
                southBoundLatitude:  -63.83
                northBoundLatitude:  79.94
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    beginPosition:  2006-08-05
                    endPosition:  2006-08-05
        supplementalInformation:  Entry ID: EUR-L2P-AVHRR16_G Projection_Information: Projection Type: Satellite native swath along-track Ellipsoid_Type: Other Projection Details: Satellite swath data with latitude and longitude for each pixel measurement Data Resolution: Latitude resolution: 9.0 Longitude resolution: 9.0 The temporal resolution: 6 hours The AVHRR has a cross-track scanning system which use an elliptical beryllium mirror rotating at 360 RPM about an axis parallel to the Earth. The 110.8 degree cross-track scan equates to a swath width of about 2700 km. This swath width is greater than the 25.3 degree separation between successive orbital tracks, and provides overlapping coverage. Coverage is global, twice daily, at an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of ~1.4 milliradians, giving a ground field of view of ~1.1 km at nadir for a nominal altitude of 833 km. This metadata record was generated from an original data set description (DSD) record in .DIF format: http://www.ghrsst-pp.org Reference: Medspiration products user manual, Robinson I., Leborgne P., Piolle J.F., Larnicol G., v1.02, September 2004 Sources: NOAA-16 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Satellite 16 Sensors: AVHRR/2 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer version 3
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  +1-301-713-3277
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        electronicMailAddress:  NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
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                fees:  In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
                orderingInstructions:  Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0004962
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
                    name:  NCEI Dataset Landing Page
                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ghrsst/L2P/AVHRR16_G/EUR/
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
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                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                    linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data.nodc/ghrsst/L2P/AVHRR16_G/EUR/
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                    applicationProfile:  Any FTP client
                    name:  FTP
                    description:  These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                    applicationProfile:  Web browsers can browse THREDDS Data Servers and specialized THREDDS software can enable more sophisticated data access and visualizations.
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                    description:  These data are available through a variety of services via a THREDDS (Thematic Real-time Environmental Distributed Data Services) Data Server (TDS). Depending on the dataset, the TDS can provide WMS, WCS, DAP, HTTP, and other data access and metadata services as well. For more information on the TDS, see http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/thredds/current/tds/.
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/4962
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                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/4962
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                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                    linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0002/0004962/
                    protocol:  FTP
                    applicationProfile:  Any FTP client
                    name:  FTP
                    description:  These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0004962 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2006-09-16T07:39:09Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0004962 v1.1
                        date:  (CI_Date)
                            date: (inapplicable)
                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                        citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0004962/1.1
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                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0004962 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2006-09-16T07:39:09Z
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            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) repository
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                other:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                description:  NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-04-22T00:00:00
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        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  AVHRR-3
            type:  AVHRR-3
            description:  Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-3 The AVHRR-3 is a six channel scanning radiometer providing 3 solar channels in the visible-near infrared region and 3 thermal infrared channels. The AVHRR-3 has two one-micrometer wide channels between 10.3 and 12.5 micrometers. This latest version of AVHRR was first carried on NOAA-15 launched in May 1998 and subsequently in all current NOAA and MetOp platforms. Measuring the same view, this array of diverse wavelengths, after processing, permits multi spectral analysis for more precisely defining hydrologic, oceanographic, and meteorological parameters. Comparison of data from two channels is often used to observe features or measure various environmental parameters. The three channels operating entirely within the infrared band are used to detect the heat radiation from and hence, the temperature of land, water, sea surfaces, and the clouds above them. Additional Information: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/pod-guide/ncdc/docs/klm/html/c3/sec3-1.htm
            mountedOn:  #plat_960b
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  NOAA-16
            description:  Updated information from ICES for the platform NOAA-16 from United States. Name NOAA-16 Country(s) US: UNITED STATES Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite Native Name Synonyms Call Sign MMSI IMO Pennant Title Commissioned Date 2000 Decommissioned Date 2014 Notes Polar-orbiting environmental satellite launched September 2000. The NODC has archived AVHRR SST data collected from this platform as part of the Pathfinder project. Instruments: AVHRR/3 et al Information Source (URL) https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/338 Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-07-17.
            instrument:  #inst_be0f