gov.noaa.nodc:0039614
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dataset
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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2024-03-08T13:12:32Z
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Aerial Surveys of Arctic Marine Mammals (ASAMM) collected by Marine Mammal Laboratory, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, and other agencies in the Bering, Chukchi, Beaufort Seas, and Amundsen Gulf from 1979 to 2019 and North Slope Borough, Alaska from 2020 to 2021 (NCEI Accession 0039614)
2008-03-12
publication
2022-05-31
revision
International DOI Foundation (IDF)
10.7289/v51v5bzm
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
gov.noaa.nodc:0039614
NCEI Archive Management System
0039614
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
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information
publisher
Amy L. Willoughby
US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMFS/AFSC/MML)
amy.willoughby@noaa.gov
https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/marine-mammal-laboratory
HTTPS
NMFS/AFSC Marine Mammal Laboratory website
Institution web page
information
resourceProvider
US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC)
http://www.afsc.noaa.gov
HTTP
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center website
Institution web page
information
resourceProvider
BOEM, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Region
BOEMPublicAffairs@boem.gov
http://www.boem.gov/
HTTP
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management website
Institution web page
information
author
NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center
http://www.afsc.noaa.gov
HTTP
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center website
Institution web page
information
author
North Slope Borough
author
Megan Ferguson
US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC)
pointOfContact
US DOI; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE)
BOEMREPublicAffairs@BOEMRE.GOV
http://www.boemre.gov/
HTTP
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement website
Institution web page
information
contributor
US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMFS/AFSC/MML)
afsc.webmaster@noaa.gov
https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/marine-mammal-laboratory
HTTPS
NMFS/AFSC Marine Mammal Laboratory website
Institution web page
information
contributor
US DOI; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM)
BOEMPublicAffairs@boem.gov
http://www.boem.gov/
HTTP
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management website
Institution web page
information
contributor
US DOI; Minerals Management Service - Anchorage (MMS)
contributor
tableDigital
This dataset contains aerial survey data from the surveys described below. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), formerly the Minerals Management Service (MMS), and its precursor, the Bureau of Land Management, funded aerial surveys in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and Bering seas from 1979 to 2019. In 2008, through an Interagency Agreement between MMS and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA]), the Marine Mammal Laboratory (MML, a division of AFSC), formerly the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, assumed co-management responsibilities for these surveys. Throughout the history of the surveys, they were referred to as the Bowhead Whale Aerial Survey Project (BWASP) and the Chukchi Offshore Monitoring in Drilling Area (COMIDA) marine mammal aerial surveys, both of which are described in more detail below. The surveys were conducted under the auspices of a single study, Aerial Surveys of Arctic Marine Mammals (ASAMM). In 2020 and 2021, aerial line-transect surveys for bowhead whales and other marine mammals were funded and co-managed by the North Slope Borough (NSB) through contract 2021-069 with the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, a part of the University of Washington, with collaboration from AFSC, NOAA Fisheries. Consistent survey protocol has been in effect on surveys conducted since 1982.
WESTERN BEAUFORT SEA Aerial surveys in the western Beaufort Sea (south of 72 degrees N, 140-157 degrees W) have been conducted each year since 1979. MMS personnel and contractors conducted the surveys from 1979 to 2007. From 2008 to 2019, the surveys were conducted by MML. In 2020 and 2021, surveys were conducted by NSB. The primary goal of the project, also known as BWASP through 2010, ASAMM from 2011 to 2019, and NSB Autumn Aerial Surveys in 2020 and 2021, was to document bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) during their fall migration through the western Beaufort Sea, although data were also collected for all other marine mammals that were sighted during the surveys. The surveys were typically conducted during the months of September and October, when offshore drilling and geophysical exploration are feasible and when the fall subsistence hunt for bowhead whales takes place near Kaktovik, Cross Island (village of Nuiqsut), and Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska. Additional surveys were conducted in the Beaufort Sea during spring and summer 1979-1986, and during summer 2011 to 2019, and from approximately 15 September to 15 October 2020 to 2021.
EASTERN CHUKCHI SEA Aerial surveys in the eastern Chukchi Sea (68-73 degrees N, 157-169 degrees W) were conducted by MMS (now BOEM) contractors from 1982 to 1991. From 2008 to 2019, the surveys were conducted by MML. In 2020 and 2021, the surveys were conducted by NSB in collaboration with CICOES and MML and used a similar methodology to the surveys conducted in previous years. Starting in 2014, surveys were expanded south to 67 degrees N. The goal of the surveys, also known as the Chukchi Offshore Monitoring in Drilling Area (COMIDA) through 2010, ASAMM from 2011 to 2019, and NSB surveys in 2020 and 2021, was to investigate the distribution and relative abundance of marine mammals in the Chukchi Sea Planning Area (CSPA) during the open water (i.e., ice-free) months of June to October, when various species are undertaking seasonal migrations through the area. However, from 1979 to 1984, surveys were also conducted during spring. In 2020 and 2021, NSB Autumn Aerial Surveys in the Chukchi Sea from approximately 15 September to 15 October, were prioritized only when weather conditions were not conducive to surveying the western Beaufort Sea.
NORTHERN BERING AND SOUTHERN CHUKCHI SEAS Aerial surveys in the northern Bering and southern Chukchi seas (63-68 degrees N, east of the International Date Line) were conducted by MMS (now BOEM) contractors from 1979 to 1985. The goal of these surveys was to investigate the distribution, abundance, migration timing, habitat relationships and behavior of endangered whales during the spring migration. Surveys were conducted from April to July.
EASTERN BEAUFORT SEA AND AMUNDSEN GULF Aerial surveys in the eastern Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf (67-73 degrees N, 118-140 degrees W), were conducted by MML from 5 to 27 August 2019, in collaboration with BOEM, NSB, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Inuvialuit Game Council, and Fisheries Joint Management Committee. The goal of these surveys, known as the ASAMM Bowhead Abundance (ABA) project, was to collect aerial survey data specific to estimating the abundance of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas bowhead whale population. The primary ABA study area in its entirety includes the Beaufort Sea shelf and Amundsen Gulf (118-158 degrees W).
This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
completed
historicalArchive
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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pointOfContact
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https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0039614
Preview graphic
PNG
0039614
NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER
2021-08-24
publication
ANIMALS - GROUP - BEHAVIOR
ANIMALS - GROUP - NUMBER IN GROUP
ANIMALS - INDIVIDUAL
ANIMALS - INDIVIDUAL - BEHAVIOR
ANIMALS - INDIVIDUAL - COUNTS
cetacean
dolphins
ICE
MARINE MAMMALS
pinnipeds
species abundance
SPECIES IDENTIFICATION
TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS
theme
NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS
GPS
inclinometer
line transect sampling
visual observation
instrument
NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS
biological
marine mammal observation
survey
survey - biological
visual estimate
visual observation
theme
NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS
AIRCRAFT
platform
NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS
US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Marine Mammal Laboratory
US DOI; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
US DOI; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement
US DOI; Minerals Management Service - Anchorage
dataCentre
NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS
US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Alaska Fisheries Science Center
dataCentre
NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS
Aerial Surveys of Arctic Marine Mammals (ASAMM)
BOWHEAD WHALE AERIAL SURVEY PROJECT (BWASP)
project
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS
Arctic Ocean
Beaufort Sea
Bering Sea
Chukchi Sea
Gulf of Alaska
Northwestern Passages
place
NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS
oceanography
theme
WMO_CategoryCode
2012-09-15
publication
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
DOC/NOAA/NMFS/AFSC > Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
DOC/NOAA/NMFS/AFSC/MML > Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
DOI/BOEM
dataCentre
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
2023
revision
17
Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Greenbelt
MD
https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
HTTPS
GCMD Keyword Forum Page
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
information
custodian
ASAMM Bowhead Abundance (ABA)
Chukchi Sea Offshore Monitoring in Drilling Area (COMIDA)
North Slope Borough bowhead whale aerial surveys (NSB surveys)
project
Originator Project Keyword
EARTH SCIENCE > AGRICULTURE > ANIMAL SCIENCE > ANIMAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > MAMMALS
EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > MAMMALS > CETACEANS
EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > MARINE MAMMALS
EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > MARINE MAMMALS > DOLPHINS
EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > MARINE MAMMALS > PINNIPED
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE
theme
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
2023
revision
17
Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Greenbelt
MD
https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
HTTPS
GCMD Keyword Forum Page
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
information
custodian
Dall sheep
Dall's porpoise
abundance
aerial survey
arctic fox
bearded seal
beluga
bowhead whale
brown bear
caribou
distribution
fin whale
gray whale
gray wolf
habitat
harbor porpoise
humpback whale
kill site no bear
killer whale
line-transect survey
minke whale
musk ox
polar bear
ribbon seal
right whale
ringed seal
shark
spotted seal
walrus
theme
Originator Keywords
GPS RECEIVERS > GPS RECEIVERS
INCLINOMETERS > INCLINOMETERS
Line Transect Sampling
VISUAL OBSERVATIONS > VISUAL OBSERVATIONS
instrument
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
2023
revision
17
Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Greenbelt
MD
https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
HTTPS
GCMD Keyword Forum Page
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
information
custodian
OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN
OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN > BEAUFORT SEA
OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN > CHUKCHI SEA
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > BERING SEA
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > GULF OF ALASKA
place
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
2023
revision
17
Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Greenbelt
MD
https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
HTTPS
GCMD Keyword Forum Page
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
information
custodian
Alaska
Amundsen Gulf
Arctic
Beaufort Sea
Bering Sea
Chukchi Sea
place
Originator Place Names
fall
spring
summer
temporal
Originator Temporal Keywords
accessLevel: Public
otherRestrictions
Cite as: BOEM, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Region; NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center; North Slope Borough (2008). Aerial Surveys of Arctic Marine Mammals (ASAMM) collected by Marine Mammal Laboratory, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, and other agencies in the Bering, Chukchi, Beaufort Seas, and Amundsen Gulf from 1979 to 2019 and North Slope Borough, Alaska from 2020 to 2021 (NCEI Accession 0039614). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v51v5bzm. Accessed [date].
Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
otherRestrictions
Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
eng; USA
utf8
environment
oceans
biota
-174.01
-115.0671
57.73
76.15
1979-04-21
2021-10-10
In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number.
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Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
ACCDB
CSV
MDB
Word
Shapefile
661.008
https://doi.org/10.7289/v51v5bzm
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Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
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https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/39614
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Descriptive Information
Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
information
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/39614
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Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
download
ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0020/0039614/
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These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
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dataset
NCEI Accession 0039614 v1.1 was published.
2008-03-12T10:55:56Z
NCEI Accession 0039614 v1.1
publication
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0039614/1.1
HTTPS
NCEI Accession 0039614 v1.1
published 2008-03-12T10:55:56Z
download
NCEI Accession 0039614 was revised and v2.2 was published.
Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
2012-07-25T22:32:34Z
NCEI Accession 0039614 v2.2
publication
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0039614/2.2
HTTPS
NCEI Accession 0039614 v2.2
published 2012-07-25T22:32:34Z
download
NCEI Accession 0039614 was revised and v3.3 was published.
Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
2014-03-17T11:11:55Z
NCEI Accession 0039614 v3.3
publication
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0039614/3.3
HTTPS
NCEI Accession 0039614 v3.3
published 2014-03-17T11:11:55Z
download
NCEI Accession 0039614 was revised and v4.4 was published.
Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
2015-05-06T11:34:55Z
NCEI Accession 0039614 v4.4
publication
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0039614/4.4
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NCEI Accession 0039614 v4.4
published 2015-05-06T11:34:55Z
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NCEI Accession 0039614 was revised and v5.5 was published.
Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
2016-04-07T19:08:59Z
NCEI Accession 0039614 v5.5
publication
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0039614/5.5
HTTPS
NCEI Accession 0039614 v5.5
published 2016-04-07T19:08:59Z
download
NCEI Accession 0039614 was revised and v6.6 was published.
Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
2017-03-28T17:06:10Z
NCEI Accession 0039614 v6.6
publication
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0039614/6.6
HTTPS
NCEI Accession 0039614 v6.6
published 2017-03-28T17:06:10Z
download
NCEI Accession 0039614 was revised and v7.7 was published.
Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
2018-11-28T13:25:53Z
NCEI Accession 0039614 v7.7
publication
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0039614/7.7
HTTPS
NCEI Accession 0039614 v7.7
published 2018-11-28T13:25:53Z
download
NCEI Accession 0039614 was revised and v8.8 was published.
Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
2019-04-08T16:27:54Z
NCEI Accession 0039614 v8.8
publication
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0039614/8.8
HTTPS
NCEI Accession 0039614 v8.8
published 2019-04-08T16:27:54Z
download
NCEI Accession 0039614 was revised and v9.9 was published.
Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
2020-12-24T11:36:13Z
NCEI Accession 0039614 v9.9
publication
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0039614/9.9
HTTPS
NCEI Accession 0039614 v9.9
published 2020-12-24T11:36:13Z
download
NCEI Accession 0039614 was revised and v10.10 was published.
Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
2021-09-03T17:12:00Z
NCEI Accession 0039614 v10.10
publication
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0039614/10.10
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NCEI Accession 0039614 v10.10
published 2021-09-03T17:12:00Z
download
NCEI Accession 0039614 was revised and v11.11 was published.
Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
2022-05-31T19:06:35Z
NCEI Accession 0039614 v11.11
publication
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0039614/11.11
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NCEI Accession 0039614 v11.11
published 2022-05-31T19:06:35Z
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repository
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
2015-04-22T00:00:00
asNeeded
Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
NCEI Accession 0039614 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
custodian
GPS
GPS
Global Positioning System receiver
satellite-based instrument used for geo-location, positioning and navigation
inclinometer
inclinometer
used on moored buoys to derive wave steepness or height
instrument used on moored buoys to measure 'vertical displacement of the buoy hull' to determine wave height, period, etc.
May be used in conjunction with the use of a Datawell Hippy sensor to measure vertical heave acceleration along with pitch and roll. Also may be used with a second sensor, a triaxial magnetometer, is used to measure hull azimuth.
line transect sampling
line transect sampling
perpendicular distances from a line
A line is traversed by an observer and perpendicular distances are measured from the line to each detected object.
Reference
https://distancesampling.org/downloads/distancebook1993/index.html; Buckland, S.T., Anderson, D.R., Burnham, K.P. and Laake, J.L. 1993. Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations. Chapman and Hall, London. 446pp.
visual observation
visual observation
not an instrument - maybe an observation type
AIRCRAFT
AIRCRAFT