Surface underway measurements of seawater and atmospheric fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2), water temperature, salinity and barometric pressure during the ship of opportunity (SOOP) container ship Columbus Waikato cruises in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (13 trans-Pacific crossings), and in the Tasman Sea (8 crossings) from 2004-03-03 to 2006-01-15 (NCEI Accession 0080979)
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title: Surface underway measurements of seawater and atmospheric fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2), water temperature, salinity and barometric pressure during the ship of opportunity (SOOP) container ship Columbus Waikato cruises in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (13 trans-Pacific crossings), and in the Tasman Sea (8 crossings) from 2004-03-03 to 2006-01-15 (NCEI Accession 0080979)
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abstract: This NCEI archival package contains surface underway measurements of fCO2 (seawater and atmospheric), water temperature, and salinity collected during the container ship Columbus Waikato thirteen trans-Pacific cruises and eight Tasman Sea cruises from 2004-03-03 to 2006-01-15 as part of a ship-of-opportunity SOOP time-series. Trans-Pacific cruise names and expocodes: CW2004_02 (64CW20040303), CW2004_04 (64CW20040424), CW2004_06 (64CW20040611), CW2004_09 (64CW20040921), CW2004_11 (64CW20041113), CW2005_01 (64CW20050124), CW2005_02 (64CW20050216), CW2005_04 (64CW20050406), CW2005_07 (64CW20050702), CW2005_08 (64CW20050817), CW2005_09 (64CW20050902), CW2005_11 (64CW20051101), CW2006_01 (64CW20060103). Tasman Sea cruise names and expocodes: CW2004_11_anz (64CW20041126), CW2005_01_anz (64CW20050112), CW2005_03_anz (64CW20050301), CW2005_04_anz (64CW20050419), CW2005_07_anz (64CW20050716), CW2005_09_anz (64CW20050923), CW2005_10_anz (64CW20051010), CW2005_11_anz (64CW20051125). Since 1992, underway CO2 observations have been made between New Zealand and the U.S. West Coast. This effort was conducted with the support of NOAA's Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division in the Climate Program Office (CPO).
purpose: The major objectives of the project were to and to continue a time series documenting the distribution of surface and atmospheric fCO2, salinity, temperature, and other parameters across the Pacific Ocean and in the Tasman Sea.
credit: Funding Information: NOAA's Climate Program Office (Surface Water pCO2 Measurements from Ships of Opportunity)
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title: Feely, R., and C. Sabine (2007). Sea Surface and Atmospheric fCO2 data in the Pacific Ocean during VOS project line onboard the M/S Columbus Waikato Lines from 2004-2006. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Columbus Waikato Underway Data.
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title: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005
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description: NCEI Accession 0080979 v1.1 was published.
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description: NCEI Accession 0080979 was revised and v3.3 was published.
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description: Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2W@SST; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Location of seawater intake: Bow; Analyzing instrument: Neill 1st generation (G1); precursor to General Oceanics GO 8050 systems; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The sampling and analyzing methods of the Neill/General Oceanics Underway pCO2 systems are described in detail in: Pierrot, D.; Neill, C.; Sullivan, K.; Castle, R.; Wanninkhof, R.; Lüger, H.; Johannessen, T.; Olsen, A.; Feely, R.A.; and Cosca, C.E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep-Sea Res., II, v. 56, pp. 512-522.; Equilibrator type: Shower head; Equilibrator volume: ~0.5 L; Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented; Water flow rate: 1.5 to 2 L/min; Gas flow rate: ~0.8 L/m; How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: Hart Scientific model 1521 digital thermometer, serial number A77488, with an NIST traceable model 5610 thermistor probe, serial number A9B0916. Accurate to ± 0.01°C.; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: Setra 239 differential pressure transducer, accurate to ± 0.15 hPa. The equilibrator was passively vented to a secondary equilibrator, and the Licor sample output was vented to the laboratory when CO2 measurements were made, thus equilibrator headspace pressure was assumed to be laboratory pressure. Pressure in the laboratory was measured with a GE Druck barometer with an accuracy of ± 0.01 %fs.; Drying method for gas: From Pierrot, et al.: Sample air is dried in a condenser that is cooled to 4-5 oC by a Peltier thermoelectric device. This partially dried air flushes a chamber that is vented and remains at ambient pressure. The dried air inside the chamber is used as the counter flow in the Nafion® tubing. A vacuum pump pulls the dried air from the chamber first through a fixed restrictor and then through the Nafion® tubes, thus creating an absolute pressure and corresponding partial pressure gradient for water vapor across the membrane. When atmospheric air is measured, some of the partially dried air (80- 100 ml/min) is pushed through a Nafion® tube, the analyzer and out a vent instead of flushing the chamber. The headspace gas, when being measured, is circulated in a closed loop through the analyzer at a rate similar to that of the atmospheric air (80-100 ml/min). It is dried first in the condenser, then in a Nafion® tube prior to entering the analyzer and being returned to the equilibrator. Typically, the water mole fraction (xH2O) in the dried gas is about 2 parts per thousand (ppt), which corresponds to a dew point temperature of about -20 °C. The liquid water condensed out of the sample air streams is removed by peristaltic pumps into the vent equilibrator at intervals determined by the user.; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc; SEA CO2 gas detector model: Licor 6262, IRG4-0560; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: 0.2 µatm; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: 0.3 µatm for equilibrator measurements, 0.2 �atm for atmospheric measurements; Standardization technique: The system runs a full cycle in approximately 112 minutes. The cycle starts with 4 standard gases, then measures 10 atmospheric samples followed by 60 surface water samples. Each new gas is flushed through the Licor Analyzer for 4 minutes prior to a 10 second reading from the analyzer during which the sample cell is open to the atmosphere. Subsequent samples of the same gas are flushed through the Licor Analyzer for 30 seconds prior to a stop-flow measurement.; Standardization frequency: Every 112 minutes; Standard gas manufacturer: Standard gases are supplied by NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, in Boulder, CO, and are directly traceable to the WMO scale.; Standard gas concentration: LL55868, 296.35 ppm; LL55864, 355.07 ppm; LL55867, 397.48 ppm; LL55866, 468.48 ppm; Standard gas uncertainty: 0.01 ppm; Water vapor correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; Temperature correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: In situ sea surface temperature; Uncertainty: ± 2 µatm; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Method reference: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005; Researcher name: Catherine E. Cosca; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST(TSG)_C; Unit: Degree Celcius; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seabird 38, serial number 3848581-0383; Uncertainty: 0.0025°C.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: SAL(TSG)_PERMIL; Unit: permil; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seabird 45, serial number 4539646-0143; Uncertainty: 0.005 PSU.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature; Abbreviation: xCO2W_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Licor 6262, Serial # IRG3-1261; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.3 ppm.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air; Abbreviation: xCO2A_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Licor 6262, Serial # IRG3-1261; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 ppm.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air associated with each water analysis.; Abbreviation: xCO2A_interpolated_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Values are interpolated between measurements of xCO2A_ppm; Sampling instrument: Licor 6262, Serial # IRG3-1261; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 ppm.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Partial pressure and fugacity of CO2 in air corresponding to the interpolated xCO2 (xCO2A_interpolated_ppm) at SST and 100% humidity; Abbreviation: pCO2A_uatm, fCO2A_uatm; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Values are interpolated between measurements of xCO2_ATM_ppm; Sampling instrument: Licor 6262, Serial # IRG3-1261; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 µatm .
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
level: (MD_ScopeCode) repository
levelDescription: (MD_ScopeDescription)
other: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
lineage: (LI_Lineage)
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2015-04-22T00:00:00
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
maintenanceNote: NCEI Accession 0080979 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: barometric pressure sensor
type: barometric pressure sensor
description: instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
type: carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
description: measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: showerhead equilibrator
type: showerhead equilibrator
description: extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: thermosalinograph
type: thermosalinograph
description: automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake. [https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29]
platform: (MI_Platform)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: COLUMBUS WAIKATO
description: ex. Kota Perabu
instrument: (missing)
