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Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from Surface underway, discrete sample and profile observations using CTD, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and other instruments from MAURICE EWING in the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean from 1994-01-04 to 1994-03-21 (NCEI Accession 0115157)


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            title:  Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from Surface underway, discrete sample and profile observations using CTD, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and other instruments from MAURICE EWING in the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean from 1994-01-04 to 1994-03-21 (NCEI Accession 0115157)
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                date:  2013-12-18
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                  Anchor:  DOI 10.3334/cdiac/otg.ndp084
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/2220 Alex Kozyr
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 US DOC; NOAA; NESDIS; National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/179 Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5016 Douglas W. R. Wallace
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/951 Dalhousie University; Institute of Oceanography
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/920 Kenneth M. Johnson
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/264 Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/4967 Aída F. Ríos
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1604 Institute of Marine Research Vigo (IIM)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/920 Johnson, Kenneth M.
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/264 Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)
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                  Anchor:  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2387-9201 Álvarez-Salgado, X. Antón
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1485 Spanish National Research Council
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/3139 Billant, André
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1307 Laboratoire de Physique des Océans
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1606 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR)
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        abstract:  This dataset includes Surface underway, discrete sample and profile data collected from MAURICE EWING in the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean from 1994-01-04 to 1994-03-21. These data include AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE, CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11), CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12), DELTA HELIUM-3, DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC), DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HELIUM, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, NITRATE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, Potential temperature (theta), SALINITY, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, TOTAL ALKALINITY (TA), Tritium (Hydrogen isotope), WATER TEMPERATURE, pH, phosphate and silicate. The instruments used to collect these data include CTD, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, Shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement and bottle. These data were collected by Kenneth Johnson of Brookhaven National Laboratory, Aida F. Ríos of Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo and Douglas Wallace of Universitat Kiel; Institut Fur Meereskunde; Forschungsbereich Marine Biogeochemie as part of the WOCE A17 (Legs 1, 2) and WOCE_A17 data set. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this data set: 3230CITHER2_1-2 and WOCE_A17 The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was a major component of the World Climate Research Program with the overall goal of better understanding the ocean's role in climate and climatic changes resulting from both natural and anthropogenic causes. The CO2 survey took advantage of the sampling opportunities provided by the WOCE Hydrographic Program (WHP) cruises during this period between 1990 and 1998. The final collection covers approximately 23,000 stations from 94 WOCE cruises.
        purpose:  This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0115157 0115157
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/69 AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/493 CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/494 CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/577 DELTA HELIUM-3
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/588 DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/116 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/319 SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/392 Tritium (Hydrogen isotope)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/183 carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/52 discrete sample
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/platform/details/3719 R/V MAURICE EWING
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/264 Brookhaven National Laboratory
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/179 Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
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                title:  ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes
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                westBoundLongitude:  -57.227
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                    beginPosition:  1994-01-04
                    endPosition:  1994-03-21
        supplementalInformation:  These data were acquired by NCEI from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) in accordance with an archival submission agreement between CDIAC and NCEI. In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number.
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                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/115157
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
                    name:  Descriptive Information
                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/115157
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
                    name:  HTTPS
                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0062/0115157/
                    protocol:  FTP
                    applicationProfile:  Any FTP client
                    name:  FTP
                    description:  These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  NCEI Accession 0115157 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2013-12-18T14:08:25Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0115157 v1.1
                        date:  (CI_Date)
                            date: (inapplicable)
                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                        citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0115157/1.1
                                    protocol:  HTTPS
                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0115157 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2013-12-18T14:08:25Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  NCEI Accession 0115157 was revised and v2.2 was published.
                rationale:  Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2016-02-24T19:53:10Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0115157 v2.2
                        date:  (CI_Date)
                            date: (inapplicable)
                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                        citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0115157/2.2
                                    protocol:  HTTPS
                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0115157 v2.2
                                    description:  published 2016-02-24T19:53:10Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Replicate information: The mean ship-to-shore analytical difference (ship - shore) and the standard deviation of the differences was -0.09 +/- 1.50 μmol/kg (N = 21); CRM batch number: batch 18 were S = 35.298 and TCO2 = 2115.15 μmol/kg.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Cell type (open or closed): Closed; Curve fitting method: TALK was determined with a Titrino Metrohm automatic potentiometric titrator using separate glass working and reference electrodes. Potentiometric titrations were carried out in a covered but not completely closed (headspace present) titration flask to a final pH of 4.4 as described by Pérez and Fraga (1987a).; Uncertainty: The precision of the method was assessed from 59 pairs of samples taken from two rosette sampling bottles closed at the same depth. The mean difference or precision of the TALK determination was 1.2 +/- 1.1 μmol/kg, or approximately 0.1%.; Method reference: Pérez, F. F., and F. Fraga. 1987b. A precise and rapid analytical procedure for alkalinity determination. Marine Chemistry 21:169-82..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: No info.; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Temperature of pH measurement: 25; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: For pH measurements, a Metrohm 654 pH meter with a Metrohm 6.0233.100 combination glass electrode was used.; Uncertainty: The precision of the determination was 0.002 +/- 0.003..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTDTMP; Abbreviation: CTDTMP; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: WATER TEMPERATURE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTDSAL; Abbreviation: CTDSAL; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: SALNTY; Abbreviation: SALNTY; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTDOXY; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: OXYGEN; Abbreviation: OXYGEN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: SILCAT; Abbreviation: SILCAT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: silicate; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: NITRAT; Abbreviation: NITRAT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: NITRATE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PHSPHT; Abbreviation: PHSPHT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: phosphate; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CFC-11; Abbreviation: CFC-11; Unit: PMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CFC-12; Abbreviation: CFC-12; Unit: PMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: TRITUM; Abbreviation: TRITUM; Unit: TU; Controlled vocabulary name: Tritium (Hydrogen isotope); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: HELIUM; Abbreviation: HELIUM; Unit: NMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: HELIUM; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: DELHE3; Abbreviation: DELHE3; Unit: PERCNT; Controlled vocabulary name: DELTA HELIUM-3; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: TCARBN; Abbreviation: TCARBN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: ALKALI; Abbreviation: ALKALI; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: total alkalinity; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PH; Abbreviation: PH; Controlled vocabulary name: pH; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: THETA; Abbreviation: THETA; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: Potential temperature (theta); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: SST; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PCO2_WAT; Abbreviation: PCO2_WAT; Unit: UATM; Controlled vocabulary name: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: XCO2_WAT; Abbreviation: XCO2_WAT; Unit: PPM; Controlled vocabulary name: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PCO2_AIR; Abbreviation: PCO2_AIR; Unit: UATM; Controlled vocabulary name: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: DEL_PCO2; Abbreviation: DEL_PCO2; Unit: UATM; Controlled vocabulary name: AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ .
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) repository
            levelDescription:  (MD_ScopeDescription)
                other:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-04-22T00:00:00
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        maintenanceNote:  NCEI Accession 0115157 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  bottle
            type:  bottle
            description:  any type of water bottle sampling device Generic name for water collection device; usually used to determine temperature, salinity and provide water aliquots for measurement of a wide range of parameters; often referred to by a specific type of water sampling bottle, such as a Nansen or Niskin bottle.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            type:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            description:  measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  CTD
            type:  CTD
            description:  Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  showerhead equilibrator
            type:  showerhead equilibrator
            description:  extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  R/V MAURICE EWING
            description:  R/V; commissioned 1988; decommissioned 2005; operated by Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; IMO8203153
            instrument: (missing)