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Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, temperature and other variables collected from time series observations at Heron Island Reef Flat from 2010-06-01 to 2010-12-13 (NCEI Accession 0127256)


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            title:  Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, temperature and other variables collected from time series observations at Heron Island Reef Flat from 2010-06-01 to 2010-12-13 (NCEI Accession 0127256)
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                date:  2015-04-08
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/206 University of Alaska Fairbanks; Institute of Marine Science (IMS/UAF)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/180 University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/983 University of California - San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)
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        abstract:  This dataset contains carbonate chemistry and environmental parameters data that were collected from a 200-day time series monitoring on the Heron Island reef flat near the Great Barrier Reef. Understanding the temporal dynamics of present thermal and pH exposure on coral reefs is crucial for elucidating reef response to future global change. Diel ranges in temperature and carbonate chemistry parameters coupled with seasonal changes in the mean conditions define periods during the year when a reef habitat is exposed to anomalous thermal and/or pH exposure. In this study we define anomalous conditions as pH and temperature values that exceed a threshold that we have operationally defined for each variable. We present a 200-day time series from June through December 2010 of carbonate chemistry and environmental parameters measured on the Heron Island reef flat. These data reveal that aragonite saturation state, pH, and pCO2 were primarily modulated by biologically-driven, changes in dissolved organic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA), rather than salinity and temperature. The largest diel temperature ranges occurred in austral spring, in October (1.5 - 6.6 degrees Celsius) and lowest diel ranges (0.9 - 3.2 degrees Celsius) were observed in July, at the peak of winter. We observed large diel total pH variability, with a maximum range of 7.7 - 8.5 total pH units, with minimum diel average pH values occurring during spring and maximum during fall. As with many other reefs, the nighttime pH minima on the reef flat were far lower than pH values predicted for the open ocean by 2100. DIC and TA both increased from June (end of Fall) to December (end of Spring). Using this high-resolution dataset, we developed exposure metrics of pH and temperature individually for intensity, duration, and severity of low pH and high temperature events, as well as a combined metric. Periods of anomalous temperature and pH exposure were asynchronous on the Heron Island reef flat, which underlines the importance of understanding the dynamics of co-occurrence of multiple stressors on coastal ecosystems.
        purpose:  Determine the relationship between carbonate chemistry and other environmental parameters on a coral reef flat.
        credit:  Funding Information: Australian Research Council (The Heron Island Climate Change Observatory: An In-Situ Ocean Acidification and Carbonate Chemistry Monitoring Platform, LE0989608)
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                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/ca477721-473b-40d7-a72b-4ffa963e48fb EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > WATER DEPTH
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4fde380a-38c5-4d46-bc80-4f2515a43983 EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/b7410899-350a-4443-9430-c7fe1fa3a499 EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7e95b5fc-1d58-431a-af36-948b29fa870d EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY
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            keyword:  Nitrate
            keyword:  PAR
            keyword:  Phosphate
            keyword:  Salinity
            keyword:  TA
            keyword:  Temperature
            keyword:  Water Depth (m)
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            keyword:  pCO2
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/a3423d6a-ffd1-4269-9a31-08106418a986 PAR SENSORS > Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensors
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/5c38595e-5e7d-4513-9f0e-aa9b5f6b139f PH METERS > PH METERS
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                            protocol:  HTTPS
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                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fa0ec8a7-ebed-4f2d-834b-1fa6a1c2e0ed OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
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                            protocol:  HTTPS
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                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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            keyword:  Heron Island Reef Flat, Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia
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            otherConstraints:  Cite as: Kline, David I.; Teneva, Lida; Hauri, Claudine; Schneider, Kenneth; Miard, Thomas; Chai, Aaron; Marker, Malcolm; Dunbar, Robert B.; Caldeira, Ken; Lazar, Boaz; Rivlin, Tanya; Mitchell, B. Greg; Dove, Sophie G.; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove (2015). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, temperature and other variables collected from time series observations at Heron Island Reef Flat from 2010-06-01 to 2010-12-13 (NCEI Accession 0127256). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v55m63mf. Accessed [date].
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                title:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
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                    date:  2022-04
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                    beginPosition:  2010-06-01
                    endPosition:  2010-12-13
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                fees:  In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
                orderingInstructions:  Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0127256 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-04-08T02:12:09Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0127256 v1.1
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                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0127256/1.1
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                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0127256 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2015-04-08T02:12:09Z
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                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: LI-COR 7000 H2O:CO2 analyzer (LI-COR, Lincoln); Standardization frequency: Every 7 samples; CRM manufacturer: A.G. Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Quality Control; Uncertainty: plus minus 1-2 umol kg-1.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: T50 titrator with a small-volume DGi101-SC pH sensor (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland); Type of titration: Gran; Cell type (open or closed): Open; CRM manufacturer: A.G. Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Quality Control; Uncertainty: plus minus 3 umol kg-1.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: Seawater pH scale; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: MBARI modified Sea-Bird 18 digital pH sensor; Temperature of pH measurement: in situ; Standardization description: The pH sensors were swapped out with freshly calibrated sensors every 48-72 hours and cleaned daily. The pH sensors were calibrated to the seawater scale using a Denver pH meter (UB-10, Denver Instruments, NY, USA) calibrated with NBS standards and then used to prepare pH 6.00 and 8.20 filtered seawater standards. The mV readings of the pH sensors in the freshly prepared seawater standards were then used for sensor calibration to the seawater pH scale using a spreadsheet developed by MBARI..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: NBS; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Denver pH meter (UB-10, Denver Instruments, NY, USA); Temperature of pH measurement: 25 degrees Celsius.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: pCO2; Unit: uatm; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Photosynthetically Active Radiation; Abbreviation: PAR; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Satlantic Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) sensor (Sea-Bird Scientific, USA).
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Water Depth (m); Abbreviation: Water Depth (m); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) instrument (10-second resolution, SBE-16plusV2, Sea-Bird Electronics, USA).
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Water Velocity; Abbreviation: Water Velocity; Unit: m/s; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Analyzing instrument: Vector acoustic velocimeter (2-minute resolution; Nortek, Norway).
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Temperature; Abbreviation: Temperature; Unit: C; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Analyzing instrument: Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) instrument (10-second resolution, SBE-16plusV2, Sea-Bird Electronics, USA).
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: Salinity; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Analyzing instrument: Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) instrument (10-second resolution, SBE-16plusV2, Sea-Bird Electronics, USA).
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Nitrate; Abbreviation: Nitrate; Unit: uMol/L; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Flow Injection Autoanalyzer (Lachat Instruments Model QuickChem 8000); Method reference: Nitrate (NO3-1) was measured by reducing it to nitrite using a copperized cadmium column (precision of nitrate measurements was 0.02 mmol/L). Nitrite (NO2 1) was measured with a colorimetric method described by Grasshoff et al. [1999].
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Phosphate; Abbreviation: Phosphate; Unit: uMol/L; Observation type: time series; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In Situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Flow Injection Autoanalyzer (Lachat Instruments Model QuickChem 8000) .
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                other:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                description:  NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-04-22T00:00:00
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            type:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            description:  measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  CTD
            type:  CTD
            description:  Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  PAR Sensor
            type:  PAR Sensor
            description:  Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensor The PAR sensor measures global solar radiation from 400 to 700 nm, which approximates the spectral band active in photosynthesis. The response of the instrument falls sharply to zero on either side of this band, and between 400 and 670 nm it increases monotonically from about 50% to 100%. There is no protective glass dome over the receiving surface. Irradiance from the sun passes through a small white visible bandpass filter/diffuser in the shape of a horizontal disk at the top of the instrument. Within the instrument radiation is directed through a series of colored glass filters and onto a silicon photodiode detector. The factory-supplied calibration converts the signal from the detector to a flux of photons in micro-mole (of photons) s-1 m-2. (One micro-mole equals 6.022 E17 photons.) For the solar spectrum, these units may be converted to watts per square meter by dividing by 4.6. (http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/instrument/par.htm)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  pH sensor
            type:  pH sensor
            description:  generic meter used to measure pH Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  titrator
            type:  titrator
            description:  titrator