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Abundance and behavior of parrotfishes (Labridae, Scarinae) in the upper Florida Keys from 2013-06-19 to 2013-07-30 (NCEI Accession 0127525)


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            title:  Abundance and behavior of parrotfishes (Labridae, Scarinae) in the upper Florida Keys from 2013-06-19 to 2013-07-30 (NCEI Accession 0127525)
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                date:  2015-05-06
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/4730 Thomas C. Adam
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1444 University of California - Santa Barbara (UCSB)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1444 University of California - Santa Barbara (UCSB)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5240 Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.
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        abstract:  To better understand the functional roles of parrotfishes on Caribbean coral reefs we documented abundance, habitat preferences, and diets of nine species of parrotfishes (Scarus coelestinus, Scarus coeruleus, Scarus guacamaia, Scarus taeniopterus, Scarus vetula, Sparisoma aurofrenatum, Sparisoma chrysopterum, Sparisoma rubripinne, Sparisoma viride) on three high-relief spur-and-groove reefs (Molasses, Carysfort, and Elbow) offshore of Key Largo in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. On each reef, we conducted fish surveys, behavioral observations, and benthic surveys in three habitat types: high-relief spur and groove (depth 2 - 6 m), low-relief carbonate platform/hardbottom (depth 4 - 12 m), and carbonate boulder/rubble fields (depth 4 - 9 m). In addition, fish surveys were also conducted on a fourth high-relief spur-and-groove reef (French). We estimated parrotfish abundance in each of the three habitat types in order to assess the relative abundance and biomass of different species and to quantify differences in habitat selection. To estimate parrotfish density, we conducted 20 to 30 minute timed swims while towing a GPS receiver on a float on the surface to calculate the amount of area sampled. During a swim the observer would swim parallel with the habitat type being sampled and count and estimate the size to the nearest cm of all parrotfishes greater than or equal to 15 cm in length that were encountered in a 5 m wide swath. To quantify parrotfish behavior, approximately six individuals of each species were observed at each site for 20 min each. Foraging behavior was recorded by a SCUBA diver while towing a GPS receiver (Garmin GPS 72) attached to a surface float, which obtained position fixes of the focal fish at 15 s intervals. Fish were followed from a close distance (~ 2 m when possible), and food items were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible, with macroalgae and coral usually identified to genus or species. Many bites involved scraping or excavating substrate colonized by a multi-species assemblage of filamentous “turf” algae and crustose coralline algae (CCA). Thus, multiple species of filamentous algae, endolithic algae, and CCA could be harvested in a single bite, and it was impossible to determine the specific species of algae targeted. We also recorded the type of substrate targeted during each foraging bout, categorizing each substrate as one of the following: (1) dead coral, (2) coral pavement, (3) boulder, (4) rubble, or (5) ledge. Dead coral included both convex and concave surfaces on the vertical and horizontal planes of three dimensional coral skeletons (primarily dead Acropora palmata) that were attached to reef substrate. Coral pavement was carbonate reef with little topographic complexity (i.e., flat limestone pavement). Boulder was large remnants of dead mounding corals not clearly attached to the bottom and often partially buried in sand. Coral rubble consisted of small dead coral fragments (generally < 10 cm in any dimension) that could be moved with minimal force. Ledges consisted entirely of the undercut sides of large spurs in the high-relief spur and groove habitat. In order to quantify the relative abundance of different food types, we estimated the percent cover of algae, coral, and other sessile invertebrates on each of the five substrates commonly targeted by parrotfishes (dead coral, coral pavement, boulder, rubble, or ledge) in 0.5 m x 0.5 m photoquadrats. We photographed a total of 8 haphazardly selected quadrats dispersed throughout the study site for each substrate type at each of the three sites (N = 24 quadrats per substrate type, N = 120 quadrats total). Each photoquadrat was divided into sixteen 12 cm x 12 cm sections which were individually photographed, and percent cover was estimated from 9 stratified random points per section (N = 144 point per quadrat).
        purpose:  To document patterns of resource-use of Caribbean parrotfishes
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            keyword:  The Importance of Parrotfish (fam. Scaridae) on the Maintenance and Recovery of Coral-Dominated Reefs
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                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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            keyword:  Scarus coelestinus
            keyword:  Scarus coeruleus
            keyword:  Scarus guacamaia
            keyword:  Scarus taeniopterus
            keyword:  Scarus vetula
            keyword:  Sparisoma aurofrenatum
            keyword:  Sparisoma chrysopterum
            keyword:  Sparisoma rubripinne
            keyword:  Sparisoma viride
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Originator Keywords
                date: (inapplicable)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/33de4965-928a-45d5-acfc-79e006842431 CAMERA > CAMERA
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/0982484f-4bb9-41dd-8841-931435cc138d VISUAL OBSERVATIONS > VISUAL OBSERVATIONS
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) instrument
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2023
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
                edition:  17
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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                        address:  (CI_Address)
                            city:  Greenbelt
                            administrativeArea:  MD
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            name:  GCMD Keyword Forum Page
                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Monroe County > Carysfort Reef (25N080W0013)
            keyword:  COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Monroe County > Elbow Reef (25N080W0020)
            keyword:  COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Monroe County > French Reef (25N080W0022)
            keyword:  COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Monroe County > Key Largo (25N080W0010)
            keyword:  COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Monroe County > Molasses Reef (25N080W0003)
            keyword:  OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract > Upper Florida Keys > Carysfort Reef (25N080W0013)
            keyword:  OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract > Upper Florida Keys > Elbow Reef (25N080W0020)
            keyword:  OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract > Upper Florida Keys > French Reef (25N080W0022)
            keyword:  OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract > Upper Florida Keys > Key Largo (25N080W0010)
            keyword:  OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract > Upper Florida Keys > Molasses Reef (25N080W0003)
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place
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                title:  CoRIS Place Thesaurus
                date: (inapplicable)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/75fab119-51a6-4b59-9711-f6c3cd3139db OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MEXICO
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2023
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
                edition:  17
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        address:  (CI_Address)
                            city:  Greenbelt
                            administrativeArea:  MD
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            name:  GCMD Keyword Forum Page
                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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            useLimitation:  accessLevel: Public
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Cite as: Adam, Thomas C.; Kelley, Megan; Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.; Burkepile, Deron E. (2015). Abundance and behavior of parrotfishes (Labridae, Scarinae) in the upper Florida Keys from 2013-06-19 to 2013-07-30 (NCEI Accession 0127525). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0127525. Accessed [date].
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            useLimitation:  Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            accessConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
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          LanguageCode:  eng; USA
        characterSet:  (MD_CharacterSetCode) utf8
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) environment
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) oceans
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) biota
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
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                westBoundLongitude:  -80.38
                eastBoundLongitude:  -80.21
                southBoundLatitude:  25
                northBoundLatitude:  25.22
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    beginPosition:  2013-06-19
                    endPosition:  2013-07-30
        supplementalInformation:  Submission Package ID: EYR2MY
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    distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)
        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:
                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  +1-301-713-3277
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        electronicMailAddress:  NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
            distributionOrderProcess:  (MD_StandardOrderProcess)
                fees:  In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
                orderingInstructions:  Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
            distributorFormat:  (MD_Format)
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                  Real:  2.196
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0127525
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
                    name:  NCEI Dataset Landing Page
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/127525
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                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
                    name:  Descriptive Information
                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/127525
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                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
                    name:  HTTPS
                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0075/0127525/
                    protocol:  FTP
                    applicationProfile:  Any FTP client
                    name:  FTP
                    description:  These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  NCEI Accession 0127525 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-05-06T09:32:12Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0127525 v1.1
                        date:  (CI_Date)
                            date: (inapplicable)
                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0127525/1.1
                                    protocol:  HTTPS
                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0127525 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2015-05-06T09:32:12Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
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                description:  Data Type: FISH CENSUS (measured); Units: count; Observation Type: in situ; Sampling Instrument: swimmer/diver; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Fish were counted via timed swims in different habitat types. Diver towed a GPS receiver on a surface float in order to calculate total area sampled and estimate fish densities; Data Quality Information: Data were checked by hand. Graphs were made to identify anomalous values. Density and biomass estimates were compared with transect data.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Data Type: ANIMALS - INDIVIDUAL - BEHAVIOR (measured); Units: count; Observation Type: in situ; Sampling Instrument: swimmer/diver; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Behavioral observations of focal individuals were made. Bites of different food items on different substrates were counted and bite rates were calculated.; Data Quality Information: Data were checked by hand. Graphs were made to identify anomalous values. For species where published data are available, bite rates were compared with published estimates.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Data Type: CORAL - CENSUS (measured); Units: percent; Observation Type: in situ; Sampling Instrument: camera; Sampling and Analyzing Method: This data set is based on photographic images recorded using a 0.5 x 0.5 m quadrat divided into 16 12 cm x 12 cm sections. Photographs were taken of the primary substrates targeted by parrotfishes. Percent cover of algae and other benthic space holders was estimated using random point contacts.; Data Quality Information: The data were graphed to identify any anomalous values.
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            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) repository
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                other:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                description:  NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-04-22T00:00:00
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        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  camera
            type:  camera
            description:  An instrument for recording images.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  swimmer/diver
            type:  swimmer/diver
            description:  not an instrument - use as observation type
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  visual observation
            type:  visual observation
            description:  not an instrument - maybe an observation type