Calcification Rates of Crustose Coralline Algae derived from Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) deployed across American Samoa and the Pacific Remote Island Areas in 2010 and recovered in 2012 (NCEI Accession 0137093)
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title: Calcification Rates of Crustose Coralline Algae derived from Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) deployed across American Samoa and the Pacific Remote Island Areas in 2010 and recovered in 2012 (NCEI Accession 0137093)
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abstract: Laboratory experiments reveal calcification rates of crustose coralline algae are strongly correlated to seawater aragonite saturation state. Predictions of reduced coral calcification rates, due to ocean acidification, suggest that coral reef communities will undergo ecological phase shifts as calcifying organisms are negatively impacted by changing seawater chemistry. The data described here result from the use of calcification accretion units, or CAUs, to assess the current effects of changes in seawater carbonate chemistry on calcification and accretion rates of calcareous and fleshy algae. This effort is a partnership between CREP and Drs. Nicole Price of Bigelow Marine Laboratory and Jen Smith of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, who have extensive knowledge of marine benthic algal community ecology. CAUs are composed of two 10 x 10 centimeter (cm) flat, square, gray PVC plates, stacked 1 cm apart, and are attached to the benthos using stainless steel threaded rods. Calcareous organisms, primarily crustose coralline algae and encrusting corals, recruit to these plates and accrete/calcify carbonate skeletons over 2-3 year deployments. Due to the simple, low-cost design and analysis, statistically robust numbers of calcification plates can easily be deployed, recovered, and processed to provide estimates of net calcification, percent cover, and vertical accretion rates. CAUs have been deployed and replaced at existing, long-term monitoring sites during Pacific RAMP cruises, in accordance with protocols developed by Price et al. 2012. There are typically five CAU sites established at each location CREP visits with five units deployed at each site. The study provides information about Pacific-wide spatial patterns of algal calcification and accretion rates and serves as a basis for detecting changes associated with changing seawater chemistry due to ocean acidification. In conjuction with benthic community composition data (separate dataset), the calcification rates will aid in determining the magnitude of how ocean acidification affects coral reefs in the natural environment. The reef study sites are throughout the Pacific Ocean, in areas with little or no direct local anthropogenic impacts and areas of anthropogenic impact. Pacific RAMP is an ideal platform from which to collect samples over a broad range of benthic ecosystems, oceanic regimes and gradients, to observe ecological impacts of ocean acidification on natural reef systems, outside of the laboratory. Analysis of these data will expand scientists’ capacity for assessing coral reef resilience regarding the effects of ocean acidification outside of controlled laboratory experiments. These data can also be used in comparative analyses across natural gradients, thereby assisting efforts to determine whether key reef-building taxa can acclimatize to changing oceanographic environments. These data will have immediate, direct impacts on predictions of reef resilience in a higher CO2 world and on the design of reef management strategies.
purpose: The Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP), established by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), and supported by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), is tasked with documenting and understanding the status and trends of coral reef ecosystems in the U.S. Pacific. Pacific RAMP involves interdisciplinary monitoring of oceanographic conditions and biological surveys of organisms associated with hard-bottom habitats in the 0 to 30 meter depth range. Regions in the Pacific are surveyed on a triennial cycle, as part of the implementation of NOAA's National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP). The NCRMP aims to support integrated, consistent and comparable monitoring of coral reefs across all U.S.-affiliated regions. Partnership and cooperation with other federal and jurisdictional management groups is a core principle of the NCRMP. The NCRMP has three themes: biological, climate and socioeconomic monitoring. Under the climate monitoring theme, the Pacific RAMP carbonate chemistry monitoring efforts assess spatial variation in the seawater carbonate system on U.S. Pacific reefs and provide baselines for tracking reef carbonate system changes due to globally increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. These studies support a long-term NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP), calcification and accretion rates of reef-building crustose coralline algae are measured in order to establish a baseline for change due to ocean acidification within the coral reef environments the CREP monitors. SCUBA divers deploy in-house developed CAUs at forereef study sites established by the ongoing Pacific RAMP.
credit: Related Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
credit: Related Funding Agency: Ocean Acidification Program Headquarter (OAP)
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keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Olosega Island (14S169W0014)
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title: Diel Variability in Seawater pH Relates to Calcification and Benthic Community Structure on Coral Reefs
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beginPosition: 2010-01-25
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description: Data Type: Calcification Rate (measured); Units: grams per centimeter squared per day; Observation Type: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Calcification Accretion Unit (CAU); Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calcareous organisms recruit to calcification accretion units (CAUs) that are attached to the seafloor and accrete/calcify carbonate skeletons over 2-3 year deployments. Once recovered, the CAUs are processed in the lab to provide estimates of net calcification, percent cover, and vertical accretion rates. CAUs have been deployed and replaced at existing, long-term monitoring sites during Pacific RAMP cruises, in accordance with protocols developed by Price et al. 2012.; Data Quality Information: Once all CAUs from a jurisdiction have been processed, the dataset is checked by the analysts to ensure: 1) all CAU plates have been processed, 2) there are no missing cell values, and 3) calculations for net weight of calcified materials are correct. The dataset is then turned over to the Data Manager for further quality control procedures and data ingestion into CREP's master database.
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
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maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
maintenanceNote: NCEI Accession 0137093 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
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code: NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai
description: Title: NOAA Ship Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel DOB: Nov 1984 IMO: 8835619 Hull No: R 334 Former Name: Vindicator (2004) Commissioned by NOAA in 2002 Submitted to ICES on 2012-12-13.
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