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Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, and other variables collected from profile and discrete sample observations using CTD, Niskin bottle, and other instruments from NOAA Ship Pisces off the northeastern coast of the United States from 2014-11-03 to 2014-11-21 (NCEI Accession 0137873)


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        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, and other variables collected from profile and discrete sample observations using CTD, Niskin bottle, and other instruments from NOAA Ship Pisces off the northeastern coast of the United States from 2014-11-03 to 2014-11-21 (NCEI Accession 0137873)
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                date:  2016-01-28
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                date:  2022-06-10
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                  Anchor:  DOI 10.7289/v5fx77hq
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                  Anchor:  NCEI Dataset ID gov.noaa.nodc:0137873
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/656 University of Maine (UMO)
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        abstract:  This dataset contains discrete bottle (CTD profile) data that was collected in the northeastern coast of the United States in 2014. Increasing amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide from human industrial activities are causing changes in global ocean carbon chemistry resulting in a reduction in pH, a process termed ocean acidification. Studies have demonstrated adverse effects on calcifying organisms, particularly some invertebrates, corals, sea urchins, pteropods, and coccolithophores. This effort is in support of the coastal monitoring and research objectives of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP).
        purpose:  To measure key carbon, physical and biogeochemical parameters in coastal waters of the US in relation to Ocean Acidification and monitor changes over time.
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Coastal Observations on the East Coast: Ocean Acidification Monitoring Network, OAPFY13.03.AOML.001)
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (Monitoring of Water Column DIC, TAlk, and pH on the Northeast U.S. Shelf and the Development of Ocean Acidification Indicators to Inform Marine Resource Management., NEFSC FY2015-FY2017 ECM)
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                    date:  2016-01-15
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/10 AMMONIA (NH3)
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/588 DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC)
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            useLimitation:  Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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                title:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
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                    date:  2022-04
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                      Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                      Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 US DOC; NOAA; NESDIS; National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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                otherCitationDetails:  [accessed 2024-02-08]
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        language:
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                westBoundLongitude:  -75.5217
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                    beginPosition:  2014-11-03
                    endPosition:  2014-11-21
        supplementalInformation:  EXPOCODE: 334B20141103 CRUISE ID: PC1405 FUNDING AGENCY: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (OAP). PROJECT TITLE: Coastal Observations on the East Coast: Ocean Acidification Monitoring Network. PROJECT ID: OAPFY13.03.AOML.001. FUNDING AGENCY: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (OAP). PROJECT TITLE: Monitoring of Water Column DIC, TAlk, and pH on the Northeast U.S. Shelf and the Development of Ocean Acidification Indicators to Inform Marine Resource Management. PROJECT ID: NEFSC FY2015-FY2017 ECM. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Rik Wanninkhof {Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA} Leticia Barbero {Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA} Jonathan A. Hare {NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA} Denis Pierrot {Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA} Donald Christopher Melrose {NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA} Nathan D. Rebuck {NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA} Christopher Taylor {NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA} David W. Townsend {University of Maine, 341 Aubert Hall, Orono, ME, 04469-5707, USA} Maura Thomas {University of Maine, 454 Aubert Hall, Orono, ME, 04469-5707, USA} In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number.
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                        electronicMailAddress:  NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
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                    linkage: https://doi.org/10.7289/v5fx77hq
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/137873
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/137873
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                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                    linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0085/0137873/
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                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0137873 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2016-01-28T20:04:39Z
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                        title:  NCEI Accession 0137873 v1.1
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                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0137873/1.1
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                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0137873 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2016-01-28T20:04:39Z
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0137873 was revised and v2.2 was published.
                rationale:  Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2020-10-16T19:48:22Z
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                        title:  NCEI Accession 0137873 v2.2
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                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0137873/2.2
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                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0137873 v2.2
                                    description:  published 2020-10-16T19:48:22Z
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0137873 was revised and v3.3 was published.
                rationale:  Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
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                  DateTime:  2021-08-04T18:15:10Z
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                        title:  NCEI Accession 0137873 v3.3
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                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0137873/3.3
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                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0137873 v3.3
                                    description:  published 2021-08-04T18:15:10Z
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0137873 was revised and v4.4 was published.
                rationale:  Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
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                  DateTime:  2022-06-10T20:04:54Z
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                        title:  NCEI Accession 0137873 v4.4
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                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0137873 v4.4
                                    description:  published 2022-06-10T20:04:54Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: micro-mol/kg; Observation type: Profile and discrete measurement; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Two systems consisting of a coulometer (UIC Inc.) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE) inlet system. DICE was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA (Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples for total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measurements were drawn according to procedures outlined in the Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements (Dickson et al., 2007) from Niskin bottles into cleaned 294-ml glass bottles. Bottles were rinsed and filled from the bottom, leaving 6 ml of headspace; care was taken not to entrain any bubbles. After 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 solution was added as a preservative, the sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease and were stored at room temperature to be sent back to the lab for analysis after the cruise. The analysis was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (AOML3 and AOML4) used simultaneously. In the coulometric analysis of DIC, all carbonate species are converted to CO2 (gas) by addition of excess hydrogen ion (acid) to the seawater sample, and the evolved CO2 gas is swept into the titration cell of the coulometer with pure air or compressed nitrogen, where it reacts quantitatively with a proprietary reagent based on ethanolamine to generate hydrogen ions. In this process, the solution changes from blue to colorless, triggering a current through the cell and causing coulometrical generation of OH minus ions at the anode. The OH ions react with the H+, and the solution turns blue again. A beam of light is shone through the solution, and a photometric detector at the opposite side of the cell senses the change in transmission. Once the percent transmission reaches its original value, the coulometric titration is stopped, and the amount of CO2 that enters the cell is determined by integrating the total charge during the titration. The volume of the pipette used to deliver the sample in each system was determined with aliquots of distilled water at known temperature. The weights with the appropriate densities were used to determine the volume of the pipette. Calculation of the amount of CO2 injected was according to the CO2 handbook (Dickson et al., 2007).The instrument has a salinity sensor, but all DIC values were recalculated to a molar weight (micro-mol/kg) using density obtained from the CTD salinity. The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation (Measured DIC*1.00037). A correction was also applied for the offset from the CRM. This additive correction was applied for each cell using the CRM value obtained in the beginning of the cell. Please consult the accompanying Readme file for additional details.; Replicate information: 80 samples each 500-ml, 9 sets of duplicate samples.; Standardization description: The coulometers were calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.99%) by means of an 8-port valve outfitted with two sample loops with known gas volumes bracketing the amount of CO2 extracted from the water samples for the two AOML systems.; Standardization frequency: The stability of each coulometer cell solution was confirmed three different ways: two sets of gas loops were measured at the beginning; also the Certified Reference Material (CRM), supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of UCSD, were measured at the beginning; and the duplicate samples at the beginning, middle, and end of each cell solution. The coulometer cell solution was replaced after 25 mg of carbon was titrated, typically after 9 to 12 hours of continuous use.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. Dickson of UCSD; CRM batch number: Batch 129; Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Preservative correction: The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. The total water volume of the sample bottles was 288 ml (calibrated by Esa Peltola, AOML). The correction factor used for dilution was 1.00037.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L. and Christian, J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp. Johnson, K.M., Kortzinger, A.; Mintrop, L.; Duinker, J.C.; and Wallace, D.W.R. (1999). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Measurement and internal consistency of underway surface TCO2 concentrations. Marine Chemistry 67:123 to 44. Johnson, K.M., Wills, K.D.; Butler, D.B.; Johnson, W.K.; and Wong, C.S. (1993). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated gas extraction. Johnson, K.M. (1992). Operator Manual: Single-Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) for Total Carbon Dioxide (CT) with Coulometric Detection. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, N.Y. Johnson, K.M.; Williams, P.J.; Brandstrom, L.; and McN. Sieburth, J. (1987). Coulometric total carbon analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration. Marine Chemistry 21:117 to 33.; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TAlk; Unit: micro-mol/kg; Observation type: Profile and discrete measurement; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Semi-automatic titration systems, System 1 consists of a Metrohm 765 Dosimat titrator, a pH meter (Orion 720A, ThermoScientific), a ROSS half cell pH glass electrode (Orion 9101BN, ThermoScientific) and a reference electrode (Orion 900200, ThermoScientific). System 2 consists of a Metrohm 665 Dosimat titrator, a pH meter (Orion 2 star pH Benchtop, ThermoScientific), a ROSS half cell pH glass electrode (Orion 9101BN, ThermoScientific) and a reference electrode (Orion 900200, ThermoScientific).; Type of titration: Full Titration; Cell type (open or closed): Open; Curve fitting method: Least-Square Analysis; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: All of the samples were run using leftover water from the same sample bottles used for DIC and pH. Please refer to DIC for detailed information on sampling and conservation of samples. For each measurement, approximately 200 ml of water sample were titrated with an HCl solution provided by Dr. Andrew Dickson of UCSD (0.25175 moles per kilogram-solution). Please consult the accompanying Readme file for additional details.; Replicate information: 80 samples each 500-ml, 9 sets of duplicate samples.; Standardization description: 2 CRM samples were run daily on each cell, before and after the seawater samples. The Total Alkalinity for the water samples was corrected using the daily averaged ratios between the certified and measured values of the 2 CRMs run on each cell. This TA titration system has a precision of 0.1 %. All the TA values were directly measured with reference to Certified Reference Material. The accuracy after correction is 0.1%. Please check attached pdf for more details.; Standardization frequency: All values were directly measured with reference to Certified Reference Material (Dickson, UCSD). 2 CRM samples were run daily on each cell.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. Dickson of UCSD; CRM batch number: CRM batch: 129; Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Uncertainty: The precision of this method is better than 0.1% and accuracy is 0.1%.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Millero, F. J., Zhang, J. Z., Lee, K., and Campbell, D. M. (1993). Titration alkalinity of seawater. Marine Chemistry, 44(2), 153-165.; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: Total; Observation type: Profile and discrete measurement; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Agilent 8453 spectrometer setup with a custom-made temperature-controlled cell holder; Temperature of pH measurement: 20 (+/- 0.05) degrees Celsius; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The same sample bottle was used for pH, DIC and Talk analyses, with pH being analyzed first. The samples were fixed with HgCl2 (refer to DIC for more information on sampling and storage). Samples were thermostated at 20 (+/- 0.05) degrees Celsius in a water bath. Approximately 80 ml of sample were extracted from each DIC sample bottle by syringe before DIC analysis to determine the pH. Temperature for each sample was measured before analysis using a Hart Scientific Fluke 1523 reference thermometer. Absorbance blanks were taken for each sample and 10 micro liter of purified m-cresol purple (10 mmol kg-1) were added for the analysis. The equations of Liu et al, 2011 formulated using the purified m-cresol purple indicator were used to determine pH of the samples. pH samples were analyzed at 20C. Please check accompanying readme file for additional details.; Replicate information: 80 samples each 500-ml, 9 sets of duplicate samples.; Standardization description: The pH is calibration-free.; At what temperature was pH reported: 20 degrees Celsius; Uncertainty: Please check attached pdf for more details; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Liu, X.; Patsavas, M.C.; and Byrne, R. H. (2011). Purification and characterization of meta-cresol purple for spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(11), 4862-4868. https://doi.org/10.1021/es200665d; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Depth of water at station; Abbreviation: Depth_station; Unit: meters; Calculation method and parameters: Calculated from ETOPO1 global relief (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html) when sounder or altimeter data not available; Sampling instrument: Sounder or altimeter, models vary; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Ship based sounder used when available. Depth from an altimeter on the CTD may also be used. Where neither of theses sources were available (typically due to water depth exceeding sounder's detection limit), depth may be estimated using the ETOPO1 bathymetry.; Uncertainty: Uncertainty varies with source; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: D. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Depth of water at sample collection; Abbreviation: Depth_sampling; Unit: meters; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus 1 meter (data has also been vertically binaveraged to 1 decibar bins); Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: D. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Water pressure; Abbreviation: CTDPRS; Unit: decibars; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus decibar (data has also been vertically binaveraged to 1 decibar bins); Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: D. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Water temperature; Abbreviation: CTDTMP; Unit: degrees celsius (ITS-90); Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus 0.001 degrees celsius; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: D. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: CTDSAL; Unit: practical salinity scale of 1978; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Seasave 7, calculated from temperature and conductivity; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: CTD Salinity values were validated using water samples collected during profiles. Corrections were applied when needed.; Uncertainty: plus or minus 0.01 PSS-78; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: D. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Potential density at surface pressure; Abbreviation: Sigma-Theta; Unit: kilograms per cubic meter minus 1000; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Calculation method and parameters: SeaBird Seasave 7 from measured temperature, conductivity and pressure; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus 0.01 kilograms per cubic meter; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: D. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Oxygen; Abbreviation: CTDOXYmg; Unit: milligrams per liter; Observation type: Profile; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE-43 dissolved oxygen sensor; Uncertainty: plus or minus 2 percent of saturation; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: D. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Oxygen; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE-43 dissolved oxygen sensor; Uncertainty: plus or minus 2 percent of saturation; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: D. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Silicic acid concentration; Abbreviation: SILCAT; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Sampling instrument: SeaBird 32 Carousel Water Sampler; Analyzing instrument: The samples are analyzed using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Water samples collected during vertical CTD profiles, analysis of Samples performed by Maura Thomas, University of Maine; Uncertainty: 0.22 micromolar detection limit; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Whitledge, T.E., D.M. Veidt, S.C. Mallow, C.J. Patton, C.D. Wirick. 1986. Automated nutrient analyses in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Publication BNL 38990, 177 p.; Researcher name: David Townsend and Maura Thomas; Researcher institution: University of Maine.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Nitrate and Nitrite total concentration; Abbreviation: NITRIT+NITRAT; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SeaBird 32 Carousel Water Sampler; Analyzing instrument: The samples are analyzed using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Water samples collected during vertical CTD profiles, analysis of Samples performed by Maura Thomas, University of Maine; Uncertainty: 0.12 micromolar detection limit; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Whitledge, T.E., D.M. Veidt, S.C. Mallow, C.J. Patton, C.D. Wirick. 1986. Automated nutrient analyses in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Publication BNL 38990, 177 p.; Researcher name: David Townsend and Maura Thomas; Researcher institution: University of Maine.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Ammonia concentration; Abbreviation: AMMONIA; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SeaBird 32 Carousel Water Sampler; Analyzing instrument: The samples are analyzed using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Water samples collected during vertical CTD profiles, analysis of Samples performed by Maura Thomas, University of Maine; Uncertainty: 0.14 micromolar detection limit; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Whitledge, T.E., D.M. Veidt, S.C. Mallow, C.J. Patton, C.D. Wirick. 1986. Automated nutrient analyses in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Publication BNL 38990, 177 p.; Researcher name: David Townsend and Maura Thomas; Researcher institution: University of Maine.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Phosphate concentration; Abbreviation: PHSPHT; Unit: micromolar; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SeaBird 32 Carousel Water Sampler; Analyzing instrument: The samples are analyzed using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Water samples collected during vertical CTD profiles, analysis of Samples performed by Maura Thomas, University of Maine; Uncertainty: 0.17 micromolar detection limit; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Whitledge, T.E., D.M. Veidt, S.C. Mallow, C.J. Patton, C.D. Wirick. 1986. Automated nutrient analyses in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Publication BNL 38990, 177 p.; Researcher name: David Townsend and Maura Thomas; Researcher institution: University of Maine .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        maintenanceNote:  NCEI Accession 0137873 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  coulometer for DIC measurement
            type:  coulometer for DIC measurement
            description:  measures dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined by absorbing the CO2 in an absorbent. The pH of the solution is monitored by measuring the transmittance .
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  nutrient autoanalyzer
            type:  nutrient autoanalyzer
            description:  Laboratory Instrument Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term describing an automated flow-thru system used to conduct analyses of several different nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) simultaneously from a seawater sample. For example: SEAL AutoAnalyzer 3 HR Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  oxygen sensor
            type:  oxygen sensor
            description:  Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  spectrophotometer
            type:  spectrophotometer
            description:  spectrophotometer, optical spectrometer, spectrograph or spectroscope An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Butler, L. R. P.; Laqua, K. (1995). "Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-IX. Instrumentation for the spectral dispersion and isolation of optical radiation (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)". Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 67 (10): 1725–1744. doi:10.1351/pac199567101725. A spectrometer is the general term for describing a combination of spectral apparatus with one or more detectors to measure the intensity of one or more spectral bands."
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  thermosalinograph
            type:  thermosalinograph
            description:  automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake. [https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29]
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  titrator
            type:  titrator
            description:  titrator
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  NOAA Ship Pisces
            description:  Updated information from ICES for UNITED STATES platform PISCES: Name : PISCES Flag : UNITED STATES - US (ISO Country Code) Call Sign : WTDL Title : NOAA Ship Platform Class : Research vessel IMO : 9349071 Pennant : R-226 Commissioned Date : 2009-11-06 Current Length : 63.8 Built : 2007-12-06 Information Source : http://www.moc.noaa.gov/pc/index.html (URL) Lloyds URL : http://www.seasearcher.com/lmiu/vessels/overview.htm?vesselID=366752 Original NODC information: Flag: United States Title: NOAA Ship R-226 Vessel Type: Fisheries Survey/Research DOB: 20071219 Commissioned: 20091106 Submitted to ICES on 2010/09/08. Confirmed by NOAA on 22 Mar 2012.
            instrument: (missing)