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Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using shower head equilibrator, carbon dioxide gas detector, and other instruments from 4 trans-Pacific crossings onboard container ship Cap Blanche in the Pacific Ocean from 2015-03-28 to 2015-12-04 (NCEI Accession 0141304)


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            title:  Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using shower head equilibrator, carbon dioxide gas detector, and other instruments from 4 trans-Pacific crossings onboard container ship Cap Blanche in the Pacific Ocean from 2015-03-28 to 2015-12-04 (NCEI Accession 0141304)
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                date:  2016-02-03
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                date:  2022-01-21
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                  Anchor:  DOI 10.7289/v5kh0kch
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                  Anchor:  NCEI Dataset ID gov.noaa.nodc:0141304
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                  Anchor:  NCEI Accession ID 0141304
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/4697 Catherine E. Cosca
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/976 US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/976 US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/4697 Catherine E. Cosca
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/976 US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/970 Richard A. Feely
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/976 US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
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                        electronicMailAddress:  Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/4698 Simone R. Alin
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/976 NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
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                  Anchor:  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8283-1910 Alin, Simone R.
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/976 US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
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        abstract:  This dataset contains data from underway fCO2 (seawater and atmospheric), temperature, and salinity measurements collected on 4 trans-Pacific cruises in 2015 as part of a ship-of-opportunity time-series. Cruise names and expocodes: CB2015_03 (AG5W20150328), CB2015_05 (AG5W20150524), CB2015_09 (AG5W20150930), CB2015_11 (AG5W20151120). Since 1992, underway CO2 observations have been made between New Zealand and the U.S. West Coast. This effort was conducted with the support of NOAA's Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division in the Climate Program Office (CPO) and NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (OAP).
        purpose:  The major objectives of the project were to and to continue a time series documenting the distribution of surface and atmospheric fCO2, salinity, temperature, and other parameters, and to characterize and map the key indicators of ocean acidification (OA) across the Pacific Ocean.
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (PMEL Sustained OA Data Management (PDM), 20845)
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Sustained Investment Workplan: PMEL Sustained Coastal Ocean Acidification Underway Observations (Alin), OAP1513-1002)
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (West Coast Ocean Acidification Monitoring Network: Volunteer Observing Ships, OAPFY12.03.PMEL.002)
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA's Climate Program Office
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                    date:  2016-02-01
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/70 partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/373 WATER TEMPERATURE
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/183 carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/184 showerhead equilibrator
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/27 surface underway
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/platform/details/12595 Cap Blanche
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/26afa886-4866-4536-be3a-6f9db9aacd97 EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE
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              Anchor:  https://vocab.ices.dk/services/pox/GetCodeDetail/SHIPC/AG5W Cap Blanche (call sign: V2DV5, ICES code: AG5W, 2006)
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            keyword:  Equatorial Pacific Ocean
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                title:  Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, H.B. Milburn, C.E. Cosca, M. Stapp, and P.P. Murphy, A new automated underway system for making high precision pCO2 measurements onboard research ships, Analytica Chim. Acta, 377, 185-191, 1998.
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                title:  Wanninkhof, R., & Thoning, K. (1993). Measurement of fugacity of CO2 in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods. Marine Chemistry, 44(2–4), 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90202-y
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                    beginPosition:  2015-03-28
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        supplementalInformation:  FUNDING AGENCY: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (OAP). PROJECT TITLE: West Coast Ocean Acidification Monitoring Network: Volunteer Observing Ships. PROJECT ID: OAPFY12.03.PMEL.002. FUNDING AGENCY: NOAA's Climate Program Office. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Catherine E. Cosca {NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA} Richard A. Feely {NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA} Simone R. Alin {NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA} In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number.
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0141304 v1.1 was published.
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        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2W@SST; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Location of seawater intake: Bow; Analyzing instrument: General Oceanics 8050. PMEL system ID: GO7; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The sampling and analyzing methods of the Neill/General Oceanics Underway pCO2 systems are described in detail in: Pierrot, D.; Neill, C.; Sullivan, K.; Castle, R.; Wanninkhof, R.; Lüger, H.; Johannessen, T.; Olsen, A.; Feely, R.A.; and Cosca, C.E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep-Sea Res., II, v. 56, pp. 512-522.; Equilibrator type: Shower head; Equilibrator volume: ~0.5 L; Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented; Water flow rate: 3 L/min; Gas flow rate: ~0.8 L/m; How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: Hart Scientific model 1521 digital thermometer, serial number A77488, with an NIST traceable model 5610 thermistor probe, serial number A9B0916. Accurate to ± 0.01°C.; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: Setra 239 differential pressure transducer, accurate to ± 0.15 hPa. The equilibrator was passively vented to a secondary equilibrator, and the Licor sample output was vented to the laboratory when CO2 measurements were made, thus equilibrator headspace pressure was assumed to be laboratory pressure. Pressure in the laboratory was measured with a GE Druck barometer, serial number 3013024, with an accuracy of ± 0.01 %fs.; Drying method for gas: From Pierrot, et al.: Sample air is dried in a condenser that is cooled to 4-5 oC by a Peltier thermoelectric device. This partially dried air flushes a chamber that is vented and remains at ambient pressure. The dried air inside the chamber is used as the counter flow in the Nafion® tubing. A vacuum pump pulls the dried air from the chamber first through a fixed restrictor and then through the Nafion® tubes, thus creating an absolute pressure and corresponding partial pressure gradient for water vapor across the membrane. When atmospheric air is measured, some of the partially dried air (80- 100 ml/min) is pushed through a Nafion® tube, the analyzer and out a vent instead of flushing the chamber. The headspace gas, when being measured, is circulated in a closed loop through the analyzer at a rate similar to that of the atmospheric air (80-100 ml/min). It is dried first in the condenser, then in a Nafion® tube prior to entering the analyzer and being returned to the equilibrator. Typically, the water mole fraction (xH2O) in the dried gas is about 2 parts per thousand (ppt), which corresponds to a dew point temperature of about -20 °C. The liquid water condensed out of the sample air streams is removed by peristaltic pumps into the vent equilibrator at intervals determined by the user.; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc; SEA CO2 gas detector model: Licor 7000, IRG4-0560; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: 0.2 µatm; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: 0.3 µatm for equilibrator measurements, 0.2 µatm for atmospheric measurements; Standardization technique: The system runs a full cycle in approximately 7 hours. The cycle starts with 4 standard gases, then measures three rounds of 6 atmopherice samples followed by 50 surface water samples. Each new gas is flushed through the Licor Analyzer for 2 minutes prior to a stop-flow measurement.; Standardization frequency: Every 7 hours; Standard gas manufacturer: Standard gases are supplied by NOAAs Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, in Boulder, CO, and are directly traceable to the WMO scale.; Standard gas concentration: LL83535, 246.77 ppm; LL108050, 399.22 ppm; LL108059, 496.103 ppm; LL154371, 628.59 ppm; Standard gas uncertainty: 0.01 ppm; Water vapor correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; Temperature correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: In situ sea surface temperature; Uncertainty: ± 2 µatm; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Method reference: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005; Researcher name:; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST(TSG)_C; Unit: Degree Celcius; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seabird 38, serial number 3848581-0383; Uncertainty: 0.0025°C; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: SAL(TSG)_PERMIL; Unit: permil; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seabird 45, serial number 4539646-0143; Uncertainty: 0.005 PSU; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature; Abbreviation: xCO2W_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Licor 7000, IRG4-0560; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.3 ppm; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air; Abbreviation: xCO2A_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Licor 7000, IRG4-0560; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 ppm; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air associated with each water analysis.; Abbreviation: xCO2A_interpolated_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Values are interpolated between measurements of xCO2A_ppm; Sampling instrument: Licor 7000, IRG4-0560; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 ppm; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Partial pressure and fugacity of CO2 in air corresponding to the interpolated xCO2 (xCO2A_interpolated_ppm) at SST and 100% humidity; Abbreviation: pCO2A_uatm, fCO2A_uatm; Unit: �atm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Values are interpolated between measurements of xCO2_ATM_ppm; Sampling instrument: Licor 7000, IRG4-0560; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 µatm; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        maintenanceNote:  NCEI Accession 0141304 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            type:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            description:  measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  showerhead equilibrator
            type:  showerhead equilibrator
            description:  extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  thermosalinograph
            type:  thermosalinograph
            description:  automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake. [https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29]
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Cap Blanche
            description:  ICES request for the vessel Cap Blanche from ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(AG). Name : Cap Blanche Country(s) : ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(AG) (ISO Country Code) Platform Class : 32 Vessel of opportunity Call Sign : V2DV5 MMSI: 305347000 IMO : 9311775 Commissioned Date : 2006-07-20 Current Length : 222 Built : 2006-07-20 Previous Name (Notes): Fesco Baykal Notes : Container ship Information Sources: - http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/details/ships/shipid:364284/mmsi:305347000/imo:9311775/vessel:CAP_BLANCHE - http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=1677981 Confirmed by NOAA on 2015-09-28.
            instrument: (missing)