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Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH on total scale, total alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during the R/V Mirai cruise GO-SHIP_P14S_S04_2012; MR12-05 Leg 2 (EXPOCODE 49NZ20121128) in the Indian, South Pacific and Southern Oceans from 2012-11-28 to 2013-01-04 (NCEI Accession 0143950)


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            title:  Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH on total scale, total alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during the R/V Mirai cruise GO-SHIP_P14S_S04_2012; MR12-05 Leg 2 (EXPOCODE 49NZ20121128) in the Indian, South Pacific and Southern Oceans from 2012-11-28 to 2013-01-04 (NCEI Accession 0143950)
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                date:  2016-02-23
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                  Anchor:  DOI 10.3334/cdiac/otg.goship_p14s_s04_2012
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/2220 Alex Kozyr
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/179 Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5879 Katsuro Katsumata
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1081 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1081 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
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        abstract:  This dataset includes discrete and profile data collected during the R/V Mirai cruise GO-SHIP_P14S_S04_2012; MR12-05 Leg 2 (EXPOCODE 49NZ20121128) in the Indian, South Pacific and Southern Oceans from 2012-11-28 to 2013-01-04. These data include measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale CTD temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC113) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). These data were collected by Katsuro Katsumata and Akihiko Murata of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) as part of the GOSHIP_P14S_S04_2012 data set. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this data set: GOSHIP_P14S_S04_2012 and MR12-05 Leg 2. The International CLIVAR Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program carries out a systematic and global re-occupation of select WOCE/JGOFS hydrographic sections to quantify changes in storage and transport of heat, fresh water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and related parameters.
        purpose:  This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
        credit:  Funding Information: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
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                    date:  2016-02-18
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/493 CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/585 CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-113 (CFC-113)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/588 DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/179 Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
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                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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            otherConstraints:  Cite as: Katsumata, Katsuro; Murata, Akihiko; Uchida, Hiroshi; Aoyama, Michio; Kumamoto, Yuichiro; Aoki, Shigeru (2016). Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH on total scale, total alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during the R/V Mirai cruise GO-SHIP_P14S_S04_2012; MR12-05 Leg 2 (EXPOCODE 49NZ20121128) in the Indian, South Pacific and Southern Oceans from 2012-11-28 to 2013-01-04 (NCEI Accession 0143950). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.goship_p14s_s04_2012. Accessed [date].
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                title:  CLIVAR Repeat Section S04I
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                    date:  2022
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        supplementalInformation:  These data were acquired by NCEI from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) in accordance with an archival submission agreement between CDIAC and NCEI.
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0143950 v1.1 was published.
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                  DateTime:  2016-02-23T02:14:19Z
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                        date:  (CI_Date)
                            date: (inapplicable)
                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                        citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0143950/1.1
                                    protocol:  HTTPS
                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0143950 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2016-02-23T02:14:19Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Coulometric; Standardization description: Measurement of CT was made with two total CO2 measuring systems (called as Systems C and D, respectively; Nippon ANS, Inc.), which were slightly different from each other. The systems comprised of a seawater dispensing system, a CO2 extraction system and a coulometer. In this cruise, we used a same type (Model 3000, Nippon ANS) of coulometers, for Systems C and D, respectively.; CRM batch number: CRMs, batch 121, certified value = 2039.26 μmol kg-1.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Type of titration: Gran; Cell type (open or closed): Close; Curve fitting method: Measurement of AT was made based on spectrophotometry using a custom-made system (Nippon ANS, Inc.). The system comprises of a water dispensing unit, an auto-burette (765 Dosimat, Metrohm), and a spectrophotometer (Carry 50 Bio, Varian), which are automatically controlled by a PC.; Uncertainty: The repeatability of measurements was estimated to be 0.6 μmol kg-1, which was calculated from 211 differences of replicate measurements.; Method reference: Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian eds. (2007), Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: Total Scale; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Temperature of pH measurement: 25 °C; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: For an indicator solution, m-cresol purple (2 mM) was used. The indicator solution was produced on board a ship, and retained in a 1000 ml DURAN® laboratory bottle. We renewed an indicator solution 3 times when the headspace of the bottle became large, and monitored pH or absorbance ratio of the indicator solution by another spectrophotometer (Carry 50 Scan, Varian) using a cell with a short path length of 0.5 mm. In most indicator solutions, the absorbance ratios of the indicator solution were kept mostly between 1.4 and 1.6 by adding acid or alkali solution appropriately.; Uncertainty: It is recommended that correction for pH change resulting from addition of indicator solutions is made (Dickson et al., 2007). To check the perturbation of pH due to the addition, we measured absorbance ratios by doubling the volume of indicator solutions added to a same seawater sample. We corrected absorbance ratios based on an empirical method (Dickson et al., 2007), although the perturbations were small. Figure 3.7.1 illustrates a perturbation of absorbance ratios by adding indicator solutions for leg 2 in MR12-05 cruise. For 93 leg 3, the tendency was not significant statistically. Thus for correction, a value of 6.3364×10-5 was subtracted from the measured values. The reported values, which are the total scale, were set to the values at 25°C by the CO2 system calculation using data for pH and CT with K1 and K2 from Mehrbach et al. (1973) refit by Dickson and Millero (1987). The repeatability of measurements was estimated to be 0.0005 pH unit, which was calculated from 318 differences of replicate measurements..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTDTMP; Abbreviation: CTDTMP; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: WATER TEMPERATURE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTDSAL; Abbreviation: CTDSAL; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: SALNTY; Abbreviation: SALNTY; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTDOXY; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: OXYGEN; Abbreviation: OXYGEN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: SILCAT; Abbreviation: SILCAT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: silicate; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: NITRAT; Abbreviation: NITRAT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: NITRATE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: NITRIT; Abbreviation: NITRIT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: NITRITE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PHSPHT; Abbreviation: PHSPHT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: phosphate; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CFC-11; Abbreviation: CFC-11; Unit: PMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CFC-12; Abbreviation: CFC-12; Unit: PMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CFC113; Abbreviation: CFC113; Unit: PMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-113 (CFC-113); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: SF6; Abbreviation: SF6; Unit: FMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: Sulfur Hexaflouride (SF6); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PH_TMP; Abbreviation: PH_TMP; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: pH; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CHLORA; Abbreviation: CHLORA; Unit: UG/L; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROPHYLL A; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: XMISS; Abbreviation: XMISS; Unit: %TRANS; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: FLUORO; Abbreviation: FLUORO; Unit: VOLTS; Controlled vocabulary name: FLUORESCENCE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  bottle
            type:  bottle
            description:  any type of water bottle sampling device Generic name for water collection device; usually used to determine temperature, salinity and provide water aliquots for measurement of a wide range of parameters; often referred to by a specific type of water sampling bottle, such as a Nansen or Niskin bottle.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  coulometer for DIC measurement
            type:  coulometer for DIC measurement
            description:  measures dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined by absorbing the CO2 in an absorbent. The pH of the solution is monitored by measuring the transmittance .
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  CTD
            type:  CTD
            description:  Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  PAR Sensor
            type:  PAR Sensor
            description:  Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensor The PAR sensor measures global solar radiation from 400 to 700 nm, which approximates the spectral band active in photosynthesis. The response of the instrument falls sharply to zero on either side of this band, and between 400 and 670 nm it increases monotonically from about 50% to 100%. There is no protective glass dome over the receiving surface. Irradiance from the sun passes through a small white visible bandpass filter/diffuser in the shape of a horizontal disk at the top of the instrument. Within the instrument radiation is directed through a series of colored glass filters and onto a silicon photodiode detector. The factory-supplied calibration converts the signal from the detector to a flux of photons in micro-mole (of photons) s-1 m-2. (One micro-mole equals 6.022 E17 photons.) For the solar spectrum, these units may be converted to watts per square meter by dividing by 4.6. (http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/instrument/par.htm)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  spectrophotometer
            type:  spectrophotometer
            description:  spectrophotometer, optical spectrometer, spectrograph or spectroscope An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Butler, L. R. P.; Laqua, K. (1995). "Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-IX. Instrumentation for the spectral dispersion and isolation of optical radiation (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)". Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 67 (10): 1725–1744. doi:10.1351/pac199567101725. A spectrometer is the general term for describing a combination of spectral apparatus with one or more detectors to measure the intensity of one or more spectral bands."
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  R/V MIRAI
            description:  R/V, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); built 1972 as Mutsu; renamed on 2 Dec 1996; active as Mar 2007;
            instrument: (missing)