Coral reef fish reproduction, species, fish length and weight, and others within New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea from 2015-03-12 to 2015-03-23 (NCEI Accession 0144344)
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title: Coral reef fish reproduction, species, fish length and weight, and others within New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea from 2015-03-12 to 2015-03-23 (NCEI Accession 0144344)
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abstract: Natural-resource professionals performed novel research on the reproductive biology of exploited reef fishes. Each participant produced reproductive data for a single target species, yielding new information for four species. These data can be used to describe: length-weight relationships (including sex-based differences), size-at-maturity for each sex (minimum size-at-maturity, and size-at-50%-maturity), reproductive mode (total vs batch spawning, gonochorism vs hermaphroditism), sex ratios (overall and size-specific), length-fecundity relationships, and reproductive periodicity (lunar, seasonal). The fish were taken in the coral reef ecosystem for the area west and south of Kavieng, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea in March 2015. Specific site location of each catch was not given. About 90% of the catch was near Mait Island.
purpose: The overall objective of the project was to train a cadre of natural-resource professionals from US-associated Pacific Islands (Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Palau) to use newly developed methods for rapid, low-cost, reproductive analysis of coral-reef fishes. These methods require minimal research infrastructure and are suitable for use on participants' home and neighboring islands. Basic reproductive information (e.g., size at maturity) is lacking for most fishes (Froese & Binohlan 2000). This problem is especially acute for coral-reef fishes. The sheer diversity of coral-reef fishes, the supposed cost associated with the reproductive analysis of each species, and the lack of expertise and research infrastructure in developing Pacific Island nations (where most coral reefs are located) are often cited as barriers to obtaining this important base-line information (Roberts & Polunin 1993, Johannes 1998, Froese & Binohlan 2000). These problems hinder current abilities to effectively manage coral-reef fisheries in the Pacific. To address these issues, Longenecker et al. (2013) developed a method for rapid, low-cost, on-site, histology-based reproductive analysis that requires minimal research infrastructure. With this method, reproductive information can be generated quickly, and its low cost eliminates one of the arguments against broad-scale reproductive analysis surveys. Training a new crop of fish reproductive biologists who can independently use this method will increase the rate at which new reproductive information is generated, thus increasing the potential to effectively manage and conserve Pacific coral-reef fishes. The data presented here can be used to generate and disseminate novel reproductive information for commonly exploited Pacific reef fishes, including: 1) Length-weight relationships, 2) Size-at-maturity, 3) Reproductive mode, 4) Size-specific sex ratios, 5) Size-fecundity relationships, and 6) Reproductive periodicity.
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description: Data Type: fish weight (measured); Units: gram; Observation Type: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: hanging spring scales; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Whole body weight was measured with the smallest-possible of two hanging spring-scales (100 or 1000 g capacity, with 1 or 10 g increments, respectively), with the exception of seven juvenile Balistapus undulatus that were weighed on a battery-powered jeweler's scale to 0.0001 g.; Data Quality Information: high precision.
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description: Data Type: Egg Stage (measured); Units: based on the criteria of Wallace & Sellman 1981; Observation Type: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: MT1 Porter-Blum microtome; Stempel pipette;Dissecting microscope;Compound microscope; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Size-at-Maturity and Reproductive Mode: The Dietrich's-fixed gonad subsamples were dehydrated ethanol (30 min in each of 50%, and two changes of 95% ethanol). Using plastic embedding medium (JB4, Electron Microscopy Sciences) and following kit instructions, gonad sections were infiltrated in two changes of infiltration solution, transferred into embedding capsules (BEEM (copyright), size 00), and embedded. Because high humidity in tropical locations often prevents tissue blocks from hardening completely, tissue blocks were dehydrated for 12 hours in a "desiccating chamber" (a diver's dry box containing silica gel packets and placed in full sunlight). From each embedded gonad subsample 10 tissue sections (approximately 7 um thick), distributed evenly throughout each tissue block, were obtained by serial sectioning on an MT1 Porter-Blum microtome outfitted with a glass knife. The tissue sections were floated on water droplets distributed on microscope slides, and slides were dried on a "warmer" (a flat piece of thick metal placed in full sunlight). Tissue sections (now affixed to the slides) were stained in a 0.5% solution of Toluidine Blue in water for 15 s. Excess stain was removed with a gentle stream of water, and the slides were once again dried on the "warmer". Ovary sections were examined at 40X and testis sections at 100X for evidence of reproductive maturity. Ovaries were classified according to Wallace and Selman (1981) and testes according to Nagahama (1983). Females were considered mature with the onset of vitellogenesis or when post-ovulatory follicles were present, and males mature when the testes contained visible spermatozoa (sperm cells with tails).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Data Type: whole gonad weight (measured); Units: gram (g), weight of whole gonad [Ws] upon excision from specimen and prior to fixation; Observation Type: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: jeweler's scale; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Specimen Acquisition and Whole Specimen Processing: Specimens were purchased from local fishers. Length, from the front of the head with mouth closed to the end of the middle caudal ray, was measured to 0.1 cm. Whole body weight was measured with the smallest-possible of two hanging spring-scales (100 or 1000 g capacity, with 1 or 10 g increments, respectively), with the exception of seven juvenile Balistapus undulatus that were weighed on a battery-powered jeweler's scale to 0.0001 g. A mid-ventral incision was made from the vent through the pelvic girdle, sex and reproductive (based on gross examination) status were recorded, then gonads were excised and weighed to 0.001 g on a battery-powered jeweler's scale. For each ovary that appeared to be at or nearing maturity, an approximately 1-cm thick transverse section was removed from one lobe, weighed to 0.001 g, and transferred to approximately 15 ml Gilson's fluid in a skirted 50-ml centrifuge tube for later batch fecundity analysis (below). For all gonads (regardless of sex or reproductive status) an approximately 3 mm x 3 mm x 3 mm subsample was excised, placed in one well of a tissue culture plate, and fixed in Dietrich's solution for at least 24 h.
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: laboratory analysis
type: laboratory analysis
description: use as an observation type
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: scale
type: scale
description: An instrument for measuring mass or weight.
