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Dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete sample and profile observations using Alkalinity titrator, CTD and other instruments from WECOMA in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and others from 2011-08-12 to 2011-08-30 (NCEI Accession 0157458, superseded by NCEI Accession 0123467)


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            title:  Dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete sample and profile observations using Alkalinity titrator, CTD and other instruments from WECOMA in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and others from 2011-08-12 to 2011-08-30 (NCEI Accession 0157458, superseded by NCEI Accession 0123467)
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                date:  2016-12-11
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/970 Richard A. Feely
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/976 US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/212 Johnson, Gregory C.
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/976 NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
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        abstract:  This accession has been superseded by NCEI Accession 0123467. Please use and refer to NCEI Accession 0123467 instead of this accession. Users should only use this accession for special cases, such as reproducing previous studies that used this accession. Refer to the documentation for more information.
        purpose:  This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program
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                    date:  2016-12-11
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/11 AMMONIUM (NH4)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/83 CHLOROPHYLL A
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/588 DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/116 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/251 PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/228 PARTICULATE ORGANIC NITROGEN (PON)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/257 pH
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/307 SALINITY
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/373 WATER TEMPERATURE
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/199 titrator
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                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    beginPosition:  2011-08-12
                    endPosition:  2011-08-30
        supplementalInformation:  These data were acquired by NCEI from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) in accordance with an archival submission agreement between CDIAC and NCEI.
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    distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)
        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:
                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                        voice:  +1-301-713-3277
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        electronicMailAddress:  NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
            distributionOrderProcess:  (MD_StandardOrderProcess)
                fees:  In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
                orderingInstructions:  Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
            distributorFormat:  (MD_Format)
                name:  CSV
                version: (unknown)
            distributorTransferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
                transferSize:
                  Real:  0.816
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0157458.html
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
                    name:  Project Metadata
                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0157458
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
                    name:  NCEI Dataset Landing Page
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                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/157458
                    protocol:  HTTPS
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                    name:  Descriptive Information
                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/157458
                    protocol:  HTTPS
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                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0101/0157458/
                    protocol:  FTP
                    applicationProfile:  Any FTP client
                    name:  FTP
                    description:  These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  NCEI Accession 0157458 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2016-12-11T19:57:07Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0157458 v1.1
                        date:  (CI_Date)
                            date: (inapplicable)
                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                        citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0157458/1.1
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                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0157458 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2016-12-11T19:57:07Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
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        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
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                description:  This accession was superseded by NCEI accession 0123467.
                rationale:  This accession has been superseded by NCEI accession 0123467. Please use and refer to NCEI accession 0123467 instead of this accession.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2021-01-22T18:33:11Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0123467
                        date:  (CI_Date)
                            date: (inapplicable)
                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                        citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0123467
                                    protocol:  HTTPS
                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0123467
                                    description:  published 2021-01-22T18:33:11Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                            role: (inapplicable)
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Replicate information: Duplicate samples were collected from approximately 10% of the Niskins sampled, as a check of our precision. These replicate samples were interspersed throughout the station analysis for quality assurance and integrity of the coulometer cell solutions. The average absolute difference from the mean of these replicates is 1.04 µmol/kg. No systematic differences between the replicates were observed.; Standardization description: Each coulometer was calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.999%) by means of an 8-port valve (Wilke et al., 1993) outfitted with two calibrated sample loops of different sizes (~1ml and ~2ml). The instruments were each separately calibrated at the beginning of each cell with a minimum of two sets of these gas loop injections and then again at the end of each cell to ensure no drift during the life of the cell.; CRM batch number: 109.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Type of titration: Potentiometric titration; Cell type (open or closed): open cell; Curve fitting method: Non-linear least squares Two-stage, potentiometric, open-cell titration using coulometrically analyzed hydrochloric acid; Uncertainty: Analytical accuracy was assessed by periodic analysis of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) throughout the cruise. CRMs were analyzed approximately every 24 samples. For this CRM batch, the average offset for system 1 was 1.16 with a standard deviation of 1.24. The average offset for system 2 was 0.21 with a standard deviation of 1.67.; Method reference: "Bates, R.G. Determination of pH. Theory and Practice. A Wiley-Interscience Publication, Second Edition. Dickson A.G. (1981). An exact definition of total alkalinity, and a procedure for the estimation of alkalinity and total inorganic carbon from titration data. Deep-Sea Res. 28, 609-623. Dickson A.G. (1992). The development of the alkalinity concept in marine chemistry. Marine chemistry 40:1-21-2, 49-63. Dickson, A. G., Afghan, J. D. & Anderson, G. C. (2003). Reference materials for oceanic CO2 analysis: A method for the certification of total alkalinity. Marine Chemistry 80, 185-197 Gran G. (1952). Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II. The analyst, 77, 661-671. Wolf-Gladrow, D.A. et al. (2007). Total alkalinity: The explicit conservative expression and its application to biogeochemical process. ".
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: Total Scale; Observation type: discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Temperature of pH measurement: 25 °C; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were collected for pH analysis immediately following O2 in the Niskin/Rosette sampling sequence. Seawater samples were collected from the Niskin bottles directly in 10-cm cylindrical optical cells (~30 mL volume) using a section of silicone tubing (about 15 cm long). One end of the silicone tubing was attached to the optical cell and the other end was attached to the nipple of the Niskin bottle. The Niskin bottle nipple was pushed in to initiate flow and the silicone tubing was squeezed to eliminate air bubbles. The optical cell was agitated to eliminate bubbles and, after 15 seconds of sample flow, the cell was capped at one end. The silicone tubing was then detached from the optical cell and, with the water still flowing, the cap was rinsed and used to seal the optical cell. Samples collected this way were not exposed to the atmosphere, and each cell was flushed with approximately three cell volumes of seawater. The samples were collected, taken into the lab, and rinsed with tap water to get rid of salt outside of the cells. The cells were dried and the optical windows were cleaned with Kimwipes. Samples were thermostatted at 25 (±0.05) ºC in a custom made 36-position cell warmer. A custom macro program running on Agilent ChemStation was used to guide the measurements and data processing. The macro automated the procedures of sample input, blank and sample scans, quality control, and data archiving. The quality control steps included checking the baseline shift after dye injection and monitoring the standard deviation of multiple scans. Absorbance blanks were taken for each sample and 10 microliters of purified m-cresol purple (10 mmol/kg) were added for the analysis. pHT (total scale) was calculated according to Liu et al. (2011).; Uncertainty: Precision was equal to ±0.0004..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CDTTMP; Abbreviation: CDTTMP; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: WATER TEMPERATURE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTDSAL; Abbreviation: CTDSAL; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: SALNTY; Abbreviation: SALNTY; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTDOXY; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: OXYGEN; Abbreviation: OXYGEN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: SILCAT; Abbreviation: SILCAT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: silicate; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: NITRAT; Abbreviation: NITRAT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: NITRATE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: NITRIT; Abbreviation: NITRIT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: NITRITE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PHSPHT; Abbreviation: PHSPHT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: phosphate; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: AMMONI; Abbreviation: AMMONI; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: AMMONIUM (NH4); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: TCARBN; Abbreviation: TCARBN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: ALKALI; Abbreviation: ALKALI; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: total alkalinity; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PH_TOT; Abbreviation: PH_TOT; Unit: @25C; Controlled vocabulary name: pH; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PH_TMP; Abbreviation: PH_TMP; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: pH; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CHLORA; Abbreviation: CHLORA; Unit: UG/L; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROPHYLL A; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PON; Abbreviation: PON; Unit: UMOL/L; Controlled vocabulary name: PARTICULATE ORGANIC NITROGEN (PON); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: POC; Abbreviation: POC; Unit: UMOL/L; Controlled vocabulary name: PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: POC/PON; Abbreviation: POC/PON; Unit: MOL/MOL; Controlled vocabulary name: PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  bottle
            type:  bottle
            description:  any type of water bottle sampling device Generic name for water collection device; usually used to determine temperature, salinity and provide water aliquots for measurement of a wide range of parameters; often referred to by a specific type of water sampling bottle, such as a Nansen or Niskin bottle.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  coulometer for DIC measurement
            type:  coulometer for DIC measurement
            description:  measures dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined by absorbing the CO2 in an absorbent. The pH of the solution is monitored by measuring the transmittance .
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  CTD
            type:  CTD
            description:  Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  spectrophotometer
            type:  spectrophotometer
            description:  spectrophotometer, optical spectrometer, spectrograph or spectroscope An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Butler, L. R. P.; Laqua, K. (1995). "Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-IX. Instrumentation for the spectral dispersion and isolation of optical radiation (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)". Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 67 (10): 1725–1744. doi:10.1351/pac199567101725. A spectrometer is the general term for describing a combination of spectral apparatus with one or more detectors to measure the intensity of one or more spectral bands."
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  titrator
            type:  titrator
            description:  titrator
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  R/V WECOMA
            description:  R/V WECOMA is owned by the National Science Foundation and operated under a Cooperative Agreement by Oregon State University, College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences.
            instrument: (missing)