Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale and other variables collected from profile and discrete sample observations on NOAA Ship Fairweather (EXPOCODE 317W20130803) and R/V Point Sur (EXPOCODE 32P020130821) in the U.S. West Coast California Current System during the 2013 West Coast Ocean Acidification Cruise (WCOA2013) from 2013-08-03 to 2013-08-29 (NCEI Accession 0157622, superseded by NCEI Accession 0132082)
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title: Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale and other variables collected from profile and discrete sample observations on NOAA Ship Fairweather (EXPOCODE 317W20130803) and R/V Point Sur (EXPOCODE 32P020130821) in the U.S. West Coast California Current System during the 2013 West Coast Ocean Acidification Cruise (WCOA2013) from 2013-08-03 to 2013-08-29 (NCEI Accession 0157622, superseded by NCEI Accession 0132082)
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abstract: This accession has been superseded by NCEI Accession 0132082. Please use and refer to NCEI Accession 0132082 instead of this accession. Users should only use this accession for special cases, such as reproducing previous studies that used this accession. Refer to the documentation for more information.
purpose: The major objectives of the cruise were: 1) To characterize ocean acidification (OA) conditions on the U.S. West Coast; 2) To conduct inter-calibration measurements near other OA observing assets, including moorings, in the study area, allowing inter-calibration of these autonomous assets with high-quality, ship-based measurements; 3) To provide calibration data needed to develop predictive models for aragonite saturation state, pH, and other important OA indicators in the California Current System, based on widely measured parameters such as salinity, temperature, and oxygen concentration; 4) To examine relationships between processes leading to OA and hypoxia in coastal ecosystems; 5) To conduct biological measurements in conjunction with physical and chemical OA measurements; and 6) To provide scientific information on OA conditions and trends for resource management and decision support.
credit: Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Ocean Acidification Monitoring Network: West Coast Hydrographic Cruise, OAPFY13.03.PMEL.003)
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title: Feely, R.A., S.R. Alin, B. Hales, G.C. Johnson, R.H. Byrne, W.T. Peterson, X. Liu, and D. Greeley (2015). Chemical and hydrographic profile measurements during the West Coast Ocean Acidification Cruise WCOA2013 (August 3-29, 2013). Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, WCOA2013.
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description: Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC umol/kg; Unit: micromol/kg; Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Excel; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Two systems consisting of a coulometer (UIC Inc.) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE) inlet system. DICE was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA (Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples for DIC measurements were drawn according to procedures outlined in the 2007 PICES Special Publication, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements, from Niskin bottles into 310 ml borosilicate glass flasks using silicone tubing. The flasks were rinsed once and filled from the bottom with care not to entrain any bubbles, overflowing by at least one-half volume. The sample tube was pinched off and withdrawn, creating a ~7.5 ml headspace and 0.133 ml of saturated HgCl2 solution was added as a preservative. The sample bottles were then sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease. DIC samples were collected from variety of depths with approximately 10% of these samples taken as duplicates. The accuracy of the DICE measurement is determined with the use of standards (Certified Reference Materials (CRMs), consisting of filtered and UV irradiated seawater) supplied by Dr. Andrew Dickson of Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). The CRM accuracy is determined manometrically on land in San Diego and the DIC data reported to the database have been corrected to this batch 124 CRM value. The CRM certified value for this batch is 2014.78 µmol/kg. System 1 averaged 2013.94 and system 2 averaged 2015.21. Summary The overall performance of the analytical equipment was good both during the Fairweather cruise and when analyzing the samples collected during the Pt Sur cruise. We were able to sample every niskin Niskin made available to us; 850 samples were analyzed for dissolved inorganic carbon.; Replicate information: Duplicate samples were collected from approximately 10% of the Niskins sampled, as a check of our precision. These replicate samples were interspersed throughout the station analysis for quality assurance and integrity of the coulometer cell solutions. The average absolute difference from the mean of these replicates is 0.75 µmol/kg. No systematic differences between the replicates were observed.; Standardization description: Each coulometer was calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.999%) by means of an 8-port valve (Wilke et al., 1993) outfitted with two calibrated sample loops of different sizes (~1ml and ~2ml). The instruments were each separately calibrated at the beginning of each cell with a minimum of two sets of these gas loop injections and then again at the end of each cell to ensure no drift during the life of the cell.; Standardization frequency: 1) Gas loops were run at the beginning and end of each cell; 2) CRM supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of SIO, were measured near the beginning; and 3) Duplicate samples were typically run throughout the life of the cell solution.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. Andrew Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography); Preservation method: Mercuric Chloride Solution; Preservative volume: 0.12 ml; Preservative correction: The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.12 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. The total water volume of the sample bottles was 302.55 ml. The correction factor used for dilution was 1.0004.; Uncertainty: ±0.1%; Quality flag convention: DIC_QC, WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Dickson, A.G., C.L. Sabine, and J.R. Christian (eds.). 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp. Johnson, K.M., A.E. King, and J. McN. Sieburth. 1985. Coulometric DIC analyses for marine studies: An introduction. Mar. Chem., 16, 61-82. Johnson, K.M., P.J. Williams, L. Brandstrom, and J. McN. Sieburth. 1987. Coulometric total carbon analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration. Mar. Chem., 21, 117-133. Johnson, K.M. 1992. Operator's manual: Single operator multiparameter metabolic analyzer (SOMMA) for total carbon dioxide (CT) with coulometric detection. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, N.Y., 70 pp. Johnson, K.M., K.D. Wills, D.B. Butler, W.K. Johnson, and C.S. Wong. 1993. Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated continuous gas extraction system and coulometric detector. Mar. Chem., 44, 167-189. Johnson, K.M., Kortzinger, A.; Mintrop, L.; Duinker, J.C.; and Wallace, D.W.R. 1999. Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Measurement and internal consistency of underway surface TCO2 concentrations. Marine Chemistry 67(1):123-144.; Researcher name: Dana Greeley; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; PI: Richard Feely.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA umol/kg; Unit: micromol/kg; Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: MatLab; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Custom instrument, built at PMEL and modeled after an earlier generation of those made in Dr. Andrew Dickson's lab.; Type of titration: Two-stage, potentiometric, open-cell titration using coulometrically analyzed hydrochloric acid; Cell type (open or closed): Open; Curve fitting method: Non-linear least squares; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater total alkalinity (TA) was measured by acidimetric titration. The specific method used was based upon the open-cell method described by Dickson et al (2003). This method involves first acidifying the sample to reduce the sample pH to less than 3.6 followed by bubbling CO2-free air through the sample to facilitate removal of the CO2 evolved by the acid addition. After removal of the carbonate species from solution, the titration proceeds until a pH of less than 3.0 is attained, and the equivalence point evaluated from titration points in the pH region 3.0-3.5 using a non-linear least squares procedure that corrects for the reactions with sulfate and fluoride ions (Dickson et al. 2003). Titration progress is monitored by measuring the electromotive force (E) of a combination glass-reference electrode. Samples were drawn from the Niskin-type bottles into cleaned 250-ml borosilicate glass bottles using Tygon tubing with silicone ends. Bottles were rinsed twice and filled from the bottom, overflowing half a volume and taking care not to entrain any bubbles. The sample tube was closed off and withdrawn from the sample bottle, creating a 5 ml headspace. Samples were preserved by poisoning with 0.12 ml of a saturated HgCl2 solution. Sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly coated with Apiezon-L grease, and were stored at room temperature (21-25 degrees Celsius) for a maximum of 12 hours prior to analysis. Titrations were carried out in water-jacketed, 250-ml beakers. The beakers were kept at 24.0 plus/minus 0.2 degrees Celsius with water from a constant temperature bath. Prior to analysis, samples were placed in the water bath to bring them to the same temperature as the reaction beakers. Seawater samples were dispensed into the water-jacketed beaker using a fixed-volume glass syringe. A Metrohm Dosimat 765 was used to deliver acid to the sample beaker in increments of 0.040 ml. The acid titrant used was 0.1 mol/kg HCl prepared in 0.6 mol/kg NaCl background to approximate the ionic strength of seawater (0.7 mol/kg). Instrument control and data acquisition was with custom software developed in Andrew Dickson's laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and modified by a former employee of the NOAA/PMEL Carbon Group using the National Instruments LabView programming environment. Typical titrations were completed in 10-14 minutes and required 20-24 acid additions to reach a pH of 3.0. 838 values were reported to the database.; Replicate information: We collected and analyzed duplicate samples from approximately 10% of the Niskins sampled.; Standardization description: Analytical accuracy was assessed by periodic analysis of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) throughout the cruise. CRMs were analyzed approximately every 24 samples. During the Fairweather cruise, the average offset for system 1 was 1.7 with a standard deviation of 1.42. The average offset for system 2 was -1.31 with a standard deviation of 1.31. Samples taken from the Point Sur were analyzed later, run gravimetrically, and had an average offset for system 1 was 0.96 with a standard deviation of 1.12. The average offset for system 2 was -0.09 with a standard deviation of 0.88.; Standardization frequency: All values were directly measured with reference to Certified Reference Material (Dickson, SIO); CRM manufacturer: Dr. Andrew Dickson's lab at Scripps Institute of Oceanography; Preservation method: Mercuric Chloride Solution; Preservative volume: 0.12 ml; Preservative correction: The TA values were corrected for dilution by 0.12 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation.; TA blank correction: NA; Uncertainty: The precision of this method is better than 0.1% and accuracy is 0.1%.; Quality flag convention: TA_QC, WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Bates, R.G. Determination of pH. Theory and Practice. A Wiley-Interscience Publication, Second Edition. Dickson A.G. (1981). An exact definition of total alkalinity, and a procedure for the estimation of alkalinity and total inorganic carbon from titration data. Deep-Sea Res. 28, 609-623. Dickson A.G. (1992). The development of the alkalinity concept in marine chemistry. Marine chemistry 40:1-21-2, 49-63. Dickson, A. G., Afghan, J. D. and Anderson, G. C. (2003). Reference materials for oceanic CO2 analysis: A method for the certification of total alkalinity. Marine Chemistry 80, 185-197 Gran G. (1952). Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II. The analyst, 77, 661-671. Wolf-Gladrow, D.A. et al. (2007). Total alkalinity: The explicit conservative expression and its application to biogeochemical process.; Researcher name: Lead analyst: Cynthia Peacock (no longer with the group); Contact Morgan Ostendorf or Dana Greeley with any questions.; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; PI: Simone Alin.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH total meas 25 degrees Celsius; pH scale: Total; Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: NA; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: The pH of each sample was determined on the total pH scale on an Agilent 8453 spectrometer set up with a custom-made temperature-controlled cell holder.; Temperature of pH measurement: 25 (plus/minus 0.05) degrees Celsius; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were collected for pH analysis immediately following O2 in the Niskin/Rosette sampling sequence. Seawater samples were collected from the Niskin bottles directly in 10-cm cylindrical optical cells (~30 mL volume) using a section of silicone tubing (about 15 cm long). One end of the silicone tubing was attached to the optical cell and the other end was attached to the nipple of the Niskin bottle. The Niskin bottle nipple was pushed in to initiate flow and the silicone tubing was squeezed to eliminate air bubbles. The optical cell was agitated to eliminate bubbles and, after 15 seconds of sample flow, the cell was capped at one end. The silicone tubing was then detached from the optical cell and, with the water still flowing, the cap was rinsed and used to seal the optical cell. Samples collected this way were not exposed to the atmosphere, and each cell was flushed with approximately three cell volumes of seawater. The samples were collected, taken into the lab, and rinsed with tap water to get rid of salt outside of the cells. The cells were dried and the optical windows were cleaned with Kimwipes. Samples were thermostatted at 25 (plus/minus 0.05) degrees Celsius in a custom made 36-position cell warmer. A custom macro program running on Agilent ChemStation was used to guide the measurements and data processing. The macro automated the procedures of sample input, blank and sample scans, quality control, and data archiving. The quality control steps included checking the baseline shift after dye injection and monitoring the standard deviation of multiple scans. Absorbance blanks were taken for each sample and 10 microliters of purified m-cresol purple (10 mmol/kg) were added for the analysis. pHT (total scale) was calculated according to Liu et al. (2011).; Replicate information: NA; Standardization description: calibration-free; Standardization frequency: NA; pH standard values: NA; Temperature of standardization: NA; Temperature correction method: NA; At what temperature was pH reported: 25 degrees Celsius; Uncertainty: Precision was equal to ±0.0004.; Quality flag convention: pH_QC, WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Liu, X.; Patsavas, M.C.; and Byrne, R. H. (2011). Purification and characterization of meta-cresol purple for spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(11), 4862-4868. https://doi.org/10.1021/es200665d; Researcher name: Dr. Xuewu (Sherwood) Liu; Researcher institution: University of South Florida; PI: Robert Byrne.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CTD pressure; Abbreviation: CTDPRS; Unit: dbars; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird 9plus CTD; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The Sea-Bird 9plus CTD uses a Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor. This high pressure transducer uses a quartz crystal resonator whose frequency of oscillation varies with pressure-induced stress measuring changes in pressure as small as 0.01 parts per million with an absolute range of 0 to 10,000 psia (0 to 6885 decibars). Also, a quartz crystal temperature signal is used to compensate for a wide range of temperature changes. Repeatability, hysteresis, and pressure conformance are 0.005% FS. The nominal pressure frequency (0 to full scale) is 34 to 38 kHz. The nominal temperature frequency is 172 kHz + 50 ppm/degrees Celsius. Data are acquired at 24 Hz. Discrete pressure data were averaged over an 8-second interval, ±4 seconds of the sample confirm bit. Periodic pressure sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. No additional adjustments were applied. Originally submitted under NODC Accession 0119491.; Uncertainty: On deck pressure readings prior to each cast were within 1 dbar of calibration.; Researcher name: Kristene McTaggart; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; PI: Gregory C. Johnson.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CTD temperature, ITS-90 scale; Abbreviation: CTDTMP; Unit: degrees celsius, ITS-90 scale; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird 3 temperature sensor; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The Sea-Bird temperature sensing element is a glass-coated thermistor bead, pressure-protected inside an 0.8 mm diameter thin-walled stainless steel tube. Exponentially related to temperature, the thermistor resistance is the controlling element in an optimized Wien Bridge oscillator circuit. The resulting sensor frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the thermistor resistance and ranges from approximately 2 to 6 kHz, corresponding to temperatures from -5 to 35 degrees Celsius. The 3plus temperature sensor has a typical accuracy/stability of 0.0002 degrees Celsius per month; and resolution of 0.0002 degrees Celsius at 24 Hz. Discrete temperature data were averaged over an 8-second interval, ±4 seconds of the sample confirm bit. Only a uniform viscous heating correction of -0.0006 degrees Celsius was applied. Pre to post cruise calibration drift was negligible. Originally submitted under NODC Accession 0119491; Uncertainty: Calibrations and checks with duplicate sensors suggest uncertainty on the order of ±0.001 degrees Celsius. The viscous heating correction results in errors of no more than ±0.00015 degrees Celsius for the full range of oceanographic temperature and salinity.; Researcher name: Kristene McTaggart; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; PI: Gregory C. Johnson.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CTD salinity; Abbreviation: CTDSAL; Unit: 1978 Practical Salinity Scale; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated from conductivity measurements.; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird 4 conductivity sensor; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The Sea-Bird conductivity sensing element is a cylindrical, flow-through, borosilicate glass cell with three internal platinum electrodes. Because the outer electrodes are connected together, electric fields are confined inside the cell. The cell resistance controls the output frequency of a Wien Bridge oscillator circuit. The sensor has a frequency output of approximately 3 to 12 kHz corresponding to conductivities from 0 to 7 Siemens/meter (0 to 70 mmho/cm). The conductivity sensor has a typical accuracy/stability of 0.0003 S/m per month, and resolution of 0.00004 S/m at 24 Hz. Discrete conductivity data were averaged over an 8-second interval, ±4 seconds of the sample confirm bit. An overall linear fit of CTD and bottle data, including a station-dependent slope and single conductivity bias, produced the best results for stations 11-51; an overall linear fit and single slope bias, produced the best results for stations 96-133. The fitting routine recursively throws out data greater than 2.8 standard deviations and returns a single conductivity bias and a conductivity slope for each station. A station-dependent slope coefficient best models the gradual shift in the conductivity sensor within each station grouping with time. A linear pressure term (modified beta) that is multiplied by CTD pressure and added to conductivity may also be warranted. The order of the polynomial was chosen to keep the standard deviation of each grouping to a minimum while avoiding fitting to fluctuations due to noise in standardizations of salinity sample runs. Discrete salinity values were derived from calibrated conductivity, temperature, and pressure measurements. Originally submitted under NODC Accession 0119491.; Uncertainty: 71% of points were used in the fit of stations 1-79 with a standard deviation of 0.0030; 86% of points were used in the fit of stations 80-95 with a standard deviation of of 0.0024 mS/cm.; Quality flag convention: CTD_QC, WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Researcher name: Kristene McTaggart; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; PI: Gregory C. Johnson.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Bottle salinity; Abbreviation: SALNTY; Unit: 1978 Practical Salinity Scale; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated from conductivity measurements.; Sampling instrument: 250 ml Kimax bottle; Analyzing instrument: Guildline Autosal, model 8400B salinometer (S/N 68807); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Niskin sample salinity measurements were made using Guildline 8400B Autosal salinometer s/n 68807 located in a temperature-controlled office space at PMEL. Samples were collected from most casts, at least one from the deepest Niskin and likely a second one from the surface mixed layer. Samples were collected in 200 ml Kimax high-alumina borosilicate bottles, sealed with custom clear plastic inserts and Nalgene caps, and externally rinsed with fresh water to reduce salt contamination. Salinity samples were stored during the cruise and analyzed post cruise. The Autosal bath temperature was set to 24 degrees Celsius. Ambient temperature was monitored and fluctuated around 22 degrees Celsius. An Ocean Scientific Instruments interface box and software were used to capture readings and compute an averaged value of salinity. Samples from stations 11-51 were analyzed in batches of 24 per standardization. Samples from stations 96-133 were analyzed in batches of 44-62 per standardization (too many unfortunately). After initiating the software program, a bottle of standard seawater (batch P155) was used to determine an offset correction to be applied to the following measurements. Each water sample was flushed through the Autosal's conductivity cell four times before taking the first reading. After waiting five seconds, six seconds of 4 Hz data (40 values) were averaged for a conductivity ratio. Three corrected conductivity ratios were averaged and one salinity value was calculated for each water sample. After all samples were analyzed, a second bottle of standard seawater was run. A linear fit with time between the pre and post standards was found and the slope and offset was applied to all samples run. A dilute solution of Triton-X surfactant was flushed through the cell at the end of each session, followed by 400 ml distilled water. Distilled water remained in the cell between uses. 285 discrete salinity samples were run to validate CTD observations.; Quality flag convention: Bot_Salt_QC, WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Researcher name: Kristene McTaggart; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; PI: Gregory C. Johnson.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CTD oxygen; Abbreviation: CTDOXY (umol/kg); Unit: micromol/kg; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird 43 oxygen sensor; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The Sea-Bird oxygen sensor uses an electrochemical cell that is constantly polarized. The sensor is temperature compensated using special temperature sensing and an internal microcomputer. The interface electronics reports voltages for oxygen current only. A linear equation of the form I=mV+b, where m=1.0e-6 and b=0.0, yields sensor current as a function of sensor output voltage. The sensor has a thermal time constant of approximately 2.5 seconds; and an oxygen response time constant that is temperature dependent, increasing with cooler temperatures, ranging from 2 to 12 seconds. Hysteresis between the down and up oxygen profiles at deep stations warranted using the downcast oxygen data for calibration, matched by potential density anomalies referenced to the closest 1000-m interval. An overall least squares fit was determined for each of the two oxygen sensors used during this cruise. Originally submitted under NODC Accession 0119491.; Uncertainty: 79% of the points were used in the fit with a standard deviation of 3.0856 µmol/kg for stations 11-51. 88% of points were used in the fit with a standard deviation of 2.6427 µmol/kg for stations 96-133.; Researcher name: Kristene McTaggart; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; PI: Gregory C. Johnson.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: bottle dissolved oxygen; Abbreviation: Bot O2 umol/kg; Unit: micromol/kg; Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Brinkman Dosimat automated titrator; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The analysis method is based upon the Carpenter (1965) whole flask titration of iodine, which is produced by an equivalent amount of dissolved oxygen. An automated titrator (Brinkman Dosimat) uses an amperometric end-point detection as described by Culberson and Huang (1987) and modified for IBM-PC computers by Knapp et al. (1990). The nominal 125-ml iodine flasks are used for sampling are pre-calibrated so their volumes are precisely known. Samples were titrated within a few hours of being collected. 633 discrete oxygen samples were run to validate sensor O2 observations on the CTD package.; Uncertainty: Bot_O2_QC, WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Researcher name: Rosie Gradoville; Researcher institution: Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences; PI: Burke Hales.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Orthosilicic acid; Abbreviation: Silicate umol/kg; Unit: micromol/kg; Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Alpkem RFA 300; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Alpkem RFA 300 components were used for silicic acid, nitrate plus nitrite, and nitrite. All five of the macronutrients are analyzed simultaneously. Nutrient samples were collected in 30 ml HDPE bottles and were generally analyzed within a few hours of their collection. Samples were kept refrigerated until they were analyzed. The Silicic Acid method is based on that of Armstrong et al. (1967) as adapted by Atlas et al. (1971). Addition of an acidic molybdate reagent forms silicomolybdic acid, which is then reduced by stannous chloride.; Replicate information: Fish were stocked into each tank once at the beginning of the experiment; Researcher name: Joe Jennings; Researcher institution: Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences; PI: Burke Hales.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: nitrate; Abbreviation: Nitrate umol/kg; Unit: micromol/kg; Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Alpkem RFA 300; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Alpkem RFA 300 components were used for silicic acid, nitrate plus nitrite, and nitrite. All five of the macronutrients are analyzed simultaneously. Nutrient samples were collected in 30 ml HDPE bottles and were generally analyzed within a few hours of their collection. Samples were kept refrigerated until they were analyzed. The nitrate + nitrite analysis uses the basic method of Armstrong et al. (1967), with modifications to improve the precision and ease of operation. Sulfanilamide and N-(1-Napthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride react with nitrite to form a colored diazo compound. For the nitrate + nitrite analysis, nitrate is first reduced to nitrite using an OTCR and imidazole buffer as described by Patton (1983). Nitrite analysis is performed on a separate channel, omitting the cadmium reductor and the buffer.; Researcher name: Joe Jennings; Researcher institution: Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences; PI: Burke Hales.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: nitrite; Abbreviation: Nitrite umol/kg; Unit: micromol/kg; Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Alpkem RFA 300; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Alpkem RFA 300 components were used for silicic acid, nitrate plus nitrite, and nitrite. All five of the macronutrients are analyzed simultaneously. Nutrient samples were collected in 30 ml HDPE bottles and were generally analyzed within a few hours of their collection. Samples were kept refrigerated until they were analyzed. The nitrate + nitrite analysis uses the basic method of Armstrong et al. (1967), with modifications to improve the precision and ease of operation. Sulfanilamide and N-(1-Napthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride react with nitrite to form a colored diazo compound. For the nitrate + nitrite analysis, nitrate is first reduced to nitrite using an OTCR and imidazole buffer as described by Patton (1983). Nitrite analysis is performed on a separate channel, omitting the cadmium reductor and the buffer.; Researcher name: Joe Jennings; Researcher institution: Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences; PI: Burke Hales.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: phosphate; Abbreviation: Phosphate umol/kg; Unit: micromol/kg; Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Alpkem RFA 300; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Technicon AutoAnalyzer II components were used to measure phosphate and ammonium. All five of the macronutrients are analyzed simultaneously. Nutrient samples were collected in 30 ml HDPE bottles and were generally analyzed within a few hours of their collection. Samples were kept refrigerated until they were analyzed.; Researcher name: Joe Jennings; Researcher institution: Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences; PI: Burke Hales.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: ammonium; Abbreviation: Ammonium umol/kg; Unit: micromol/kg; Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Alpkem RFA 300; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Technicon AutoAnalyzer II components were used to measure phosphate and ammonium. All five of the macronutrients are analyzed simultaneously. Nutrient samples were collected in 30 ml HDPE bottles and were generally analyzed within a few hours of their collection. Samples were kept refrigerated until they were analyzed.; Researcher name: Joe Jennings; Researcher institution: Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences; PI: Burke Hales.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Chlorophyll a concentration ug/L; Abbreviation: Chlorophyll a concentration ug/L; Unit: microgram per liter; Observation type: chlorophyll concentration in sea water; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin Bottle; Analyzing instrument: Turner Designs Fluorometer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: During leg 1 only, 100 ml was filtered from water samples that were collected at the surface, the depth of the chlorophyll maximum, and at 30 m for extracted Chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll-a was extracted from glass fiber filters in 90% acetone, then quantified using a Turner Designs Fluorometer. 59 values were reported to the database.; Researcher name: Jennifer Fisher; Researcher institution: Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, PI: William T Peterson .
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
maintenanceNote: NCEI Accession 0157622 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: bottle
type: bottle
description: any type of water bottle sampling device Generic name for water collection device; usually used to determine temperature, salinity and provide water aliquots for measurement of a wide range of parameters; often referred to by a specific type of water sampling bottle, such as a Nansen or Niskin bottle.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: coulometer for DIC measurement
type: coulometer for DIC measurement
description: measures dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined by absorbing the CO2 in an absorbent. The pH of the solution is monitored by measuring the transmittance .
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: CTD
type: CTD
description: Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: spectrophotometer
type: spectrophotometer
description: spectrophotometer, optical spectrometer, spectrograph or spectroscope An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Butler, L. R. P.; Laqua, K. (1995). "Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-IX. Instrumentation for the spectral dispersion and isolation of optical radiation (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)". Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 67 (10): 1725–1744. doi:10.1351/pac199567101725. A spectrometer is the general term for describing a combination of spectral apparatus with one or more detectors to measure the intensity of one or more spectral bands."
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: titrator
type: titrator
description: titrator
platform: (MI_Platform)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: NOAA Ship Fairweather
description: Title: NOAA Ship Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Survey Vessel (Hydrographic) DOB: 1968 IMO: 6710920
instrument: (missing)
platform: (MI_Platform)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: POINT SUR
description: POINT SUR
instrument: (missing)
