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Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using carbon dioxide gas analyzer, shower head equilibrator and other instruments from SOOP M/V Las Cuevas cruises in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea from 2009-09-12 to 2009-10-28 (NCEI Accession 0162030)


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            title:  Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using carbon dioxide gas analyzer, shower head equilibrator and other instruments from SOOP M/V Las Cuevas cruises in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea from 2009-09-12 to 2009-10-28 (NCEI Accession 0162030)
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                date:  2017-04-28
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/4918 Kevin F. Sullivan
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/2530 Rik Wanninkhof
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        abstract:  This dataset consists of the surface underway measurements of Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature (ppm), Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air (ppm), Mole fraction of CO2 in outside air associated with each water analysis. These values are interpolated between the bracketing averaged good xCO2_ATM analyses (ppm), Barometric pressure in the equilibrator headspace (hPa), Barometric pressure measured outside, corrected to sea level (hPa), Water temperature in equilibrator (°C), Sea surface temperature (°C), Sea surface salinity, Fugacity of CO2 in sea water at SST and 100% humidity (μatm), Fugacity of CO2 in air corresponding to the interpolated xCO2 at SST and 100% humidity (μatm), Sea water fCO2 minus interpolated air fCO2 (μatm). The measurement were performed during the SOOP M/V Las Cuevas cruises in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea from 2009-09-12 to 2009-10-28.
        purpose:  The major objectives of this SOOP project is to provide a high quality measurements of atmospheric and sea surface fCO2, sea surface salinity, temperature, and other parameters, in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean.
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA Climate Program Office Program (Surface Water pCO2 Measurements from Ships of Opportunity (SOOP))
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/38 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/70 partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/184 showerhead equilibrator
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/platform/details/11839 Las Cuevas
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        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2_SW@SST; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Location of seawater intake: Sea chest under the engine room; Analyzing instrument: Infrared Analyzer: LI-COR model 6262; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005; Equilibrator type: Sprayhead above dynamic pool, no thermal jacket; Equilibrator volume: 0.95 L (0.4 L water, 0.55 L headspace); Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented; Water flow rate: 1.5 - 2.0 L/min; Gas flow rate: 70 - 150 ml/min; How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: Hart Scientific model 1521 digital thermometer; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: External Setra 270 connected to the exit of the analyzer; Drying method for gas: Gas stream passes through a thermoelectric condenser (~5 C) and then through a Perma Pure (Nafion) dryer before reaching the analyzer (90% dry).; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc; SEA CO2 gas detector model: Licor 6262; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: Accuracy: +/- 2 uatm in fCO2_SW; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: Precision: +/- 0.01 uatm in fCO2_SW; Standardization technique: The system runs a full cycle in approximately 7 hours. The cycle starts with 4 standard gases, then measures three rounds of 6 atmopherice samples followed by 50 surface water samples. Each new gas is flushed through the Licor Analyzer for 2 minutes prior to a stop-flow measurement.; Standardization frequency: Every 7 hours; Standard gas manufacturer: Standard gases are supplied by NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, in Boulder, CO, and are directly traceable to the WMO scale.; Standard gas concentration: Std 1: CA3095, 247.01 ppm, owned by AOML, used every 4.5 hours. Std 2: CA3880, 318.94 ppm, owned by AOML, used every 4.5 hours. Std 3: CA5979, 381.89 ppm, owned by AOML, used every 4.5 hours. Std 4: CA6380, 448.29 ppm, owned by ESRL, used every 4.5 hours.; Standard gas uncertainty: 0.01 ppm; Water vapor correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; Temperature correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: In situ sea surface temperature; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Method reference: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005; Researcher name: Denis Pierrot; Researcher institution: NOAA/AOML.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST_C; Unit: degrees celcius; Observation type: Surface Underway; Analyzing instrument: SBE 48, Seabird, Inc.; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: From Beginning to 16 Nov 2011, a SBE48 (Magnetic Hull mounted) sensor was used. It was located on the wall of the sea chest.; Uncertainty: Accuracy: 0.001C, Precision: 0.00025C; Researcher name: Denis Pierrot; Researcher institution: NOAA/AOML.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Salinity; Abbreviation: SAL_permil; Observation type: Surface Underway; Analyzing instrument: SBE 45, Seabird, Inc.; Uncertainty: Accuracy: +/- 0.005; Precision: 0.0002; Researcher name: Denis Pierrot; Researcher institution: NOAA/AOML.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Atmospheric Pressure; Abbreviation: PRES_ATM@SSP_hPa; Unit: hPa; Sampling instrument: Druck RPT350; Uncertainty: Accuracy: +/- 0.08 hPa; Precision: 0.01 hPa; Researcher name: Denis Pierrot; Researcher institution: NOAA/AOML .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            type:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            description:  measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  showerhead equilibrator
            type:  showerhead equilibrator
            description:  extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Las Cuevas
            description:  ICES request for the vessel Las Cuevas from UNITED KINGDOM. Name : Las Cuevas Flag : UNITED KINGDOM - GB (ISO Country Code) Call Sign : 2EIF7 Platform Class : Vessel of opportunity on fixed route IMO : 9209283 Commissioned Date : 2011-04-01 Current Length : 180 Built : 2000-01-01 Previous Name (Notes): Las Cuevas Notes : Previous name Las Cuevas under Panama flag. Additional Information Sources: - http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/shipdetails.aspx?MMSI=235085368 - http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/search.php?search_imo=9209283 General Comments: Miramar gives flag as Panama LAS CUEVAS under Panama flag with call sign H3QX until 2011-03-31 - see http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/shipdetails.aspx?MMSI=235085368 Confirmed by NOAA on 20120725.
            instrument: (missing)