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Climatological Distributions of pH, pCO2, Total CO2, Alkalinity, and CaCO3 Saturation in the Global Surface Ocean (NCEI Accession 0164568)


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            title:  Climatological Distributions of pH, pCO2, Total CO2, Alkalinity, and CaCO3 Saturation in the Global Surface Ocean (NCEI Accession 0164568)
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                date:  2017-08-04
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                  Anchor:  DOI 10.3334/cdiac/otg.ndp094
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                  Anchor:  NCEI Accession ID 0164568
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/2113 Taro Takahashi
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/985 Columbia University; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/985 Columbia University; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/2113 Takahashi, Taro
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/985 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5060 Sutherland, Stewart C.
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5072 Newberger, Timothy
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        abstract:  Climatological mean monthly distributions of pH in the total H+ scale, total CO2 concentration (TCO2), and the degree of CaCO3 saturation for the global surface ocean waters (excluding coastal areas) are calculated using a data set for pCO2, alkalinity and nutrient concentrations in surface waters (depths less than 50 m), which is built upon the GLODAP, CARINA and LDEO database. The mutual consistency among these measured parameters is demonstrated using the inorganic carbon chemistry model with the dissociation constants for carbonic acid by Lueker et al. (2000) and for boric acid by Dickson (1990). The global ocean is divided into 24 regions, and the linear potential alkalinity (total alkalinity + nitrate) versus salinity relationships are established for each region. The mean monthly distributions of pH and carbon chemistry parameters for the reference year 2005 are computed using the climatological mean monthly pCO2 data adjusted to a reference year 2005 and the alkalinity estimated from the potential alkalinity versus salinity relationships. The climatological monthly mean values of pCO2 over the global ocean are compiled for a 4° x 5° grid for the reference year 2005, and the gridded data for each of 12 months are included in this database. This is updated version of Takahashi et al. (2009) for the reference year 2000 representing non-El Niño years using a database of about 6.5 million pCO2 data (less coastal areas of North and South America) observed in 1957-2012 (Takahashi et al., 2013). The equatorial zone (4°N-4°S) of the Pacific is excluded from the analysis because of the large interannual changes associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation events. The pH thus calculated ranges from 7.9 to 8.2. Lower values are located in the upwelling regions in the tropical Pacific and in the Arabian and Bering Seas; and higher values are found in the subpolar and polar waters during the spring-summer months of intense photosynthetic production. The vast areas of subtropical oceans have seasonally varying pH values ranging from 8.05 during warmer months to 8.15 during colder months. The warm tropical and subtropical waters are supersaturated by a factor of as much as 4.2 with respect to aragonite and 6.3 for calcite, whereas the cold subpolar and polar waters are less supersaturated only by 1.2 for aragonite and 2 for calcite because of the lower pH values resulting from greater TCO2 concentrations. In the western Arctic Ocean, aragonite undersaturation is observed.
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/622 ARAGONITE SATURATION STATE
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/637 CALCITE CONCENTRATION
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/588 DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/70 partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/68f7ba1b-a2f9-41b6-9bc1-fd187942fbed EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBONATE
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d9b4f30d-bddd-4888-b66b-07d2dc09708b EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4433600b-f323-458a-b295-352f939aab6b EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2023
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                edition:  17
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                            name:  GCMD Keyword Forum Page
                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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            keyword:  Climatological Distributions of pH, pCO2, Total CO2, Alkalinity, and CaCO3 Saturation in the Global Surface Ocean
            keyword:  NDP-094
            keyword:  pH, pCO2, Total CO2, Alkalinity, and CaCO3 Saturation
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7aecabfb-0047-484f-8396-efc0da16bc20 CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d8efbcb9-9ab3-4016-b7ff-6426cd0bf545 EQUILIBRATORS
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/5c38595e-5e7d-4513-9f0e-aa9b5f6b139f PH METERS > PH METERS
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/a4202721-0cba-4fa1-853f-890f146b04f9 OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/9ce6b6ba-8f9f-4585-9438-05619d768578 OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4b75a3a2-9811-43b9-8f8c-64d0ae4d9ca8 OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/5488b1cc-08b2-41cf-9bd2-4a2cdd0990de OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fa0ec8a7-ebed-4f2d-834b-1fa6a1c2e0ed OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
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                    beginPosition:  1957-01-01
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0164568 v1.1 was published.
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                  DateTime:  2017-08-04T23:03:19Z
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                code:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
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            description:  measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
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