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ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Climatological Distributions of pH, pCO2, Total CO2, Alkalinity, and CaCO3 Saturation in the Global Surface Ocean (NCEI Accession 0164568)
2017-08-04
publication
International DOI Foundation (IDF)
10.3334/cdiac/otg.ndp094
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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0164568
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Taro Takahashi
Columbia University; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO)
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Columbia University; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO)
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Takahashi, Taro
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
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Sutherland, Stewart C.
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
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Chipman, David W.
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Goddard, John G.
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Newberger, Timothy
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Tim.Newberger@noaa.gov
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Sweeney, Colm
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
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Columbia University; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO)
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Climatological mean monthly distributions of pH in the total H+ scale, total CO2 concentration (TCO2), and the degree of CaCO3 saturation for the global surface ocean waters (excluding coastal areas) are calculated using a data set for pCO2, alkalinity and nutrient concentrations in surface waters (depths less than 50 m), which is built upon the GLODAP, CARINA and LDEO database. The mutual consistency among these measured parameters is demonstrated using the inorganic carbon chemistry model with the dissociation constants for carbonic acid by Lueker et al. (2000) and for boric acid by Dickson (1990). The global ocean is divided into 24 regions, and the linear potential alkalinity (total alkalinity + nitrate) versus salinity relationships are established for each region. The mean monthly distributions of pH and carbon chemistry parameters for the reference year 2005 are computed using the climatological mean monthly pCO2 data adjusted to a reference year 2005 and the alkalinity estimated from the potential alkalinity versus salinity relationships. The climatological monthly mean values of pCO2 over the global ocean are compiled for a 4° x 5° grid for the reference year 2005, and the gridded data for each of 12 months are included in this database. This is updated version of Takahashi et al. (2009) for the reference year 2000 representing non-El Niño years using a database of about 6.5 million pCO2 data (less coastal areas of North and South America) observed in 1957-2012 (Takahashi et al., 2013). The equatorial zone (4°N-4°S) of the Pacific is excluded from the analysis because of the large interannual changes associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation events. The pH thus calculated ranges from 7.9 to 8.2. Lower values are located in the upwelling regions in the tropical Pacific and in the Arabian and Bering Seas; and higher values are found in the subpolar and polar waters during the spring-summer months of intense photosynthetic production. The vast areas of subtropical oceans have seasonally varying pH values ranging from 8.05 during warmer months to 8.15 during colder months. The warm tropical and subtropical waters are supersaturated by a factor of as much as 4.2 with respect to aragonite and 6.3 for calcite, whereas the cold subpolar and polar waters are less supersaturated only by 1.2 for aragonite and 2 for calcite because of the lower pH values resulting from greater TCO2 concentrations. In the western Arctic Ocean, aragonite undersaturation is observed.
This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
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0164568
NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER
2017-07-31
publication
ARAGONITE SATURATION STATE
CALCITE CONCENTRATION
DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC)
partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water
pH
total alkalinity
theme
NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS
carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
pH sensor
showerhead equilibrator
titrator
instrument
NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS
chemical
physical
surface underway
theme
NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS
Columbia University; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
dataCentre
NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS
Columbia University; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
dataCentre
NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS
Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR)
Ship of Opportunity Programme (SOOP)
The Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP)
World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)
project
NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS
Indian Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean
North Pacific Ocean
South Atlantic Ocean
South Pacific Ocean
place
NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS
oceanography
theme
WMO_CategoryCode
2012-09-15
publication
COLUMBIA/LDEO > Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University
dataCentre
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
2023
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17
Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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CLIVAR > Climate Variability
WOCE > World Ocean Circulation Experiment
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Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Greenbelt
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Ocean Carbon Data System (OCADS) Project
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Ocean Acidification Search Keywords
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBONATE
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH
theme
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
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Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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Climatological Distributions of pH, pCO2, Total CO2, Alkalinity, and CaCO3 Saturation in the Global Surface Ocean
NDP-094
pH, pCO2, Total CO2, Alkalinity, and CaCO3 Saturation
theme
Originator Keywords
CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS
EQUILIBRATORS
PH METERS > PH METERS
instrument
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
2023
revision
17
Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Greenbelt
MD
https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
HTTPS
GCMD Keyword Forum Page
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
place
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
2023
revision
17
Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Greenbelt
MD
https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
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GCMD Keyword Forum Page
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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accessLevel: Public
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Cite as: Takahashi, Taro; Sutherland, Stewart C.; Chipman, David W.; Goddard, John G.; Newberger, Timothy; Sweeney, Colm (2017). Climatological Distributions of pH, pCO2, Total CO2, Alkalinity, and CaCO3 Saturation in the Global Surface Ocean (NCEI Accession 0164568). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.ndp094. Accessed [date].
Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
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1957-01-01
2013-12-12
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https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.ndp094
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NCEI Accession 0164568 v1.1 was published.
2017-08-04T23:03:19Z
NCEI Accession 0164568 v1.1
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NCEI Accession 0164568 v1.1
published 2017-08-04T23:03:19Z
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carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
measures gaseous carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.
To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
pH sensor
pH sensor
generic meter used to measure pH
Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample.
showerhead equilibrator
showerhead equilibrator
extracts dissolved CO2 from water
A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.
To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
titrator
titrator
titrator