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Discrete, profile measurements of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity, pH on total scale and other hydrographic and chemical data obtained during the PS-94, ARK-XXIX/3, TransArc-II cruise onboard R/V Polarstern (EXPOCODE 06AQ20150817) in the central Arctic Ocean from 2015-08-17 to 2015-10-15 (NCEI Accession 0170256)


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            title:  Discrete, profile measurements of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity, pH on total scale and other hydrographic and chemical data obtained during the PS-94, ARK-XXIX/3, TransArc-II cruise onboard R/V Polarstern (EXPOCODE 06AQ20150817) in the central Arctic Ocean from 2015-08-17 to 2015-10-15 (NCEI Accession 0170256)
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                date:  2018-01-27
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                  Anchor:  DOI 10.7289/v5319t5z
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/2214 Robert M. Key
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1806 Princeton University
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1806 Princeton University
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/648 Ursula Schauer
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/826 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/846 Smethie, William M., Jr.
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/826 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI)
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        abstract:  The expedition PS94 Trans-Arctic survey of the Arctic Ocean in transition ("TransArc II") aimed at capturing the physical, biological, and chemical changes of the Arctic Ocean. The retreat of the multi-year sea ice over the last decades, and the changes in ice and ocean circulation are tightly linked to changes in the heat and fresh water distribution with consequences for the gas exchange between ocean and atmosphere, for biogeochemical cycling and for organisms and ecosystems in the sea ice, in the water column and on the sea floor. This NCEI Accession includes discrete bottle measurements of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), Total Alkalinity, pH on total scale, water temperature and salinity, oxygen, nutrients, CFCs, Dissolved organic carbon and other parameters measured onboard the R/V Polarstern in the central Arctic Ocean during the PS-94, ARK-XXIX/3, TransArc-II cruise (EXPOCODE 06AQ20150817) from 2015-08-17 to 2015-10-15.
        purpose:  To capture the physical, biological, and chemical changes of the Arctic Ocean
        credit:  Funding Information: International agencies (GEOTRACES)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/588 DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC)
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0170256 v1.1 was published.
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                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: TCARBN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: Discrete, bottle; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: VINDTA 3C instrument (MARIANDA, Kiel); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: DIC and TA were determined on all seawater and ice core melt samples. Both DIC and TA are measured in parallel with a VINDTA 3C instrument (MARIANDA, Kiel). The accuracy is set by internationally recognized and widely used certi ed reference material (CRM), batch 144, obtained from Prof. A. Dickson at Scripps Institute of Oceanography (USA). DIC is the sum of all dissolved inorganic carbon species and is determined by a precise coulometric method (Dickson et al., 2007). For every coulometric cell that was used in the coulometer, at least two CRMs were measured in duplicate at the beginning and the end of the analyses, where differences in the measurements infer the precision of the instrument. The precision for DIC and TA was determined from the in-bottle CRM duplicate analyses to be better than 2 umol/kg. The accuracy was checked against frequent analysis of CRMs.; CRM manufacturer: Andrew Dickson Laboratory at SIO; CRM batch number: Batch 144; Preservation method: mercuric chloride solution; Preservative volume: 100 mL; Uncertainty: precision was better than 2 micromol kg-1; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: Elisabeth Jones; Adam Ulfsbo; Researcher institution: Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, the Netherlands; University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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                description:  Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: ALKALI; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: Discrete, bottle; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: ALKALI were determined on all seawater and ice core melt samples. Both DIC and TA are measured in parallel with a VINDTA 3C instrument (MARIANDA, Kiel); Type of titration: potentiometric titration; Cell type (open or closed): open; CRM batch number: Batch 144; Uncertainty: The precision for TA was determined from the in-bottle CRM duplicate analyses to be better than 2 μmol/kg. The accuracy was checked against frequent analysis of CRMs.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Method reference: Dickson, Andrew G., Chris Sabine and James R. Christian, editors, "Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements", Pices Special Publication 3, IOCCP Report No. 8, October 2007, SOP 3b, "Determination of total alkalinity in sea water using an open-cell titration"; Researcher name: Elisabeth Jones; Adam Ulfsbo; Researcher institution: Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, the Netherlands; University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: PH_TOT; pH scale: Total; Observation type: Discrete, bottle; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: spectrophotometry (pH); Temperature of pH measurement: 25 Deg C; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A total of 54 stations were sampled for seawater pH using borosilicate bottles (250 mL), having tight plastic screw caps, and were rinsed with at least one bottle volume and lled to the rim. All samples were thermostated to 25degC at least 30 min prior to analysis directly after sampling. Seawater pH was determined spectrophotometrically (Clayton and Byrne, 1993) using the sulfonephthalein indicator m-Cresol Purple (mCP). Puri ed mCP (Liu et al., 2011) was purchased from the laboratory of Robert H. Byrne, University of South Florida, USA. The indicator solution (0.2 mM) was prepared by dissolving pre-weighed mCP indicator in 0.5 L ltered seawater (0.20 um) of about salinity 34. The indicator was adjusted to a pH in the same range as the samples, approximately +/- 0.2 pH units, by adding a small volume of concentrated HCl or NaOH. The pH values are corrected to 25degC on the total scale. The overall precision from duplicate sample analysis was better than +/-0.001 pH units. The accuracy is mainly set by the accuracy of the physico-chemical characterizations of the indicator with respect to temperature dependence and the determination of the equilibrium constants of the indicator, as well as the purity of the indicator (Liu et al., 2011). The accuracy was checked against Certi ed Reference Material for total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon, indicating that it should be well below 0.01 pH units.; At what temperature was pH reported: at SST; Uncertainty: 0.001; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: Elisabeth Jones; Adam Ulfsbo; Researcher institution: Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, the Netherlands; University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTD Temperature; Abbreviation: CTDTMP; Unit: degrees celcius; Observation type: CTD sensor; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: CTD; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: B. Rabe; Researcher institution: AWI.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTD Salinity; Abbreviation: CTDSAL; Observation type: CTD sensor; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: CTD; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: B. Rabe; Researcher institution: AWI.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Bottle Salinity; Abbreviation: SALNTY; Observation type: Bottle, discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: B. Rabe; Researcher institution: AWI.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTD Oxygen; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: CTD sensor; Sampling instrument: CTD; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: B. Rabe; Researcher institution: AWI.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Bottle Oxygen; Abbreviation: OXYGEN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: Bottle, discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: B. Rabe; Researcher institution: AWI.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Nutrients; Abbreviation: SILCAT, NITRAT, NITRIT, PHSPHT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: Bottle, discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: B. Rabe; Researcher institution: AWI.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CFC; Abbreviation: CFC; Unit: PMOL/KG; Observation type: Bottle, discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD bottles; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: W. Smethie; Researcher institution: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Organic carbon; Abbreviation: DOC; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: Bottle, discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD bottles; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: D. Hansell; Researcher institution: RSMAS, University of Miami .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  coulometer for DIC measurement
            type:  coulometer for DIC measurement
            description:  measures dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined by absorbing the CO2 in an absorbent. The pH of the solution is monitored by measuring the transmittance .
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  CTD
            type:  CTD
            description:  Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  pH sensor
            type:  pH sensor
            description:  generic meter used to measure pH Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  titrator
            type:  titrator
            description:  titrator
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  RV Polarstern
            description:  Additional information provided by ICES on 7/9/2009: Polarstern Flag : GERMANY - DE (ISO Country Code) Call Sign : DBLK Title : Research vessel IMO : 8013132 Commissioned Date : 1982-12-01 Current Length : 118 Built : 1982 Notes : Icebreaker rV Information Source : http://www.awi.de/en/infrastructure/ships/polarstern/ () Lloyds URL : http://www.lloydsmiu.com/lmiu/vessels/overview.htm?vesselID=154010
            instrument: (missing)