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Sea surface measurements of temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and its isotopic composition (d13CDIC), total alkalinity (At), inorganic nutrients and water stable isotopes (d18O and dD) during the ships of opportunity cruises (SOOP) along the 76 transects between Iceland and Newfoundland in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1993-07-01 to 2017-11-27 (NCEI Accession 0172559)


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            title:  Sea surface measurements of temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and its isotopic composition (d13CDIC), total alkalinity (At), inorganic nutrients and water stable isotopes (d18O and dD) during the ships of opportunity cruises (SOOP) along the 76 transects between Iceland and Newfoundland in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1993-07-01 to 2017-11-27 (NCEI Accession 0172559)
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                date:  2018-04-21
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                date:  2018-10-25
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                  Anchor:  DOI 10.7289/v53f4mxk
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        abstract:  This dataset is the SURATLANT (SURveillance ATLANTique) dataset and consists of individual data of temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and its isotopic composition d13CDIC, total alkalinity (At), inorganic nutrients and water stable isotopes (d18O and dD) collected mostly from ships of opportunity between 1993 and 2017 along 76 transects between Iceland and Newfoundland in the North Atlantic Ocean. The data have been validated, qualified, and their accuracy and the overall characteristics of the dataset are presented in a paper (Reverdin et al., 2018, submitted to ESSD).
        purpose:  Long-term ocean observations
        credit:  Funding Information: CNRS-INSU, IPEV, LDEO, NOAA (SOOP)
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        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Surface samples; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: Coulometric method for 1993-1997, Potentiometric method for 2001-2017; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples measured back in laboratory, Coulometric method for 1993-1997 (Chipman et al,1993), potentiometric titration (Edmond, 1970) closed cell (Laboratory home-made), calculations DOE (1994) for 2001-2017; CRM manufacturer: Univ California San Diego, SIO, A. Dickson; CRM batch number: 64,66,71,73,77,83,88,97,99,104,116,119,122,128,131,139,155,165; Preservation method: HgCl2 saturated; Preservative volume: 200-300 mL; Uncertainty: 3 umol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE/GLODAP (2 Acceptable, 3 Questionnable, 4 Bad, 9 No data); Method reference: Corbiere, A., N. Metzl, G. Reverdin, C. Brunet and T. Takahashi, 2007. Interannual and decadal variability of the oceanic carbon sink in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. Tellus B, Vol. 59, issue 2, 168-179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00232.x; Researcher name: Nicolas Metzl; Researcher institution: LOCEAN CNRS, Paris France.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: At; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Surface samples; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: Potentiometric titration; Type of titration: Potentiometric titration; Cell type (open or closed): Closed (Laboratory Home-made); Curve fitting method: DOE (1994); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples measured back in laboratory, potentiometric titration (Edmond, 1970) closed cell (Laboratory home-made), calculations DOE (1994); CRM manufacturer: Univ California San Diego, SIO, A. Dickson; CRM batch number: 64,66,71,73,77,83,88,97,99,104,116,119,122,128,131,139,155,165; Preservation method: HgCl2 saturated; Preservative volume: 200-300 mL; Uncertainty: 3 umol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE/GLODAP (2 Acceptable, 3 Questionnable, 4 Bad, 9 No data); Method reference: Corbiere, A., N. Metzl, G. Reverdin, C. Brunet and T. Takahashi, 2007. Interannual and decadal variability of the oceanic carbon sink in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. Tellus B, Vol. 59, issue 2, 168-179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00232.x; Researcher name: Nicolas Metzl; Researcher institution: LOCEAN CNRS, Paris France.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface temperature; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: C; Observation type: Surface samples; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: Thermosalinographs TSG (SBE21, SBE45) and external SBE38; Quality flag convention: WOCE/GLODAP (2 Acceptable, 3 Questionnable, 4 Bad, 9 No data); Researcher name: Gilles Reverdin; Researcher institution: LOCEAN CNRS, Paris France.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface salinity; Abbreviation: Salinity; Unit: PSU; Observation type: Surface samples; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: Thermosalinographs TSG (SBE21, SBE45) and discrete samples; Quality flag convention: WOCE/GLODAP (2 Acceptable, 3 Questionnable, 4 Bad, 9 No data); Researcher name: Gilles Reverdin; Researcher institution: LOCEAN CNRS, Paris France.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface phosphates; Abbreviation: PHOS; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Surface samples; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: colorimetric method; Uncertainty: 0,03 umol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE/GLODAP (2 Acceptable, 3 Questionnable, 4 Bad, 9 No data); Method reference: Olafsson, J., Olafsdottir, S. R., Benoit-Cattin, A., and Takahashi, T.: The Irminger Sea and the Iceland Sea time series measurements of sea water carbon and nutrient chemistry 1983-2008. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 2, 99-104, 2010; Researcher name: Solveig Olafsdottir; Researcher institution: Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface nitrates+nitrites; Abbreviation: NIT; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Surface samples; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: colorimetric method; Uncertainty: 0,2 umol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE/GLODAP (2 Acceptable, 3 Questionnable, 4 Bad, 9 No data); Method reference: Olafsson, J., Olafsdottir, S. R., Benoit-Cattin, A., and Takahashi, T.: The Irminger Sea and the Iceland Sea time series measurements of sea water carbon and nutrient chemistry 1983-2008. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 2, 99-104, 2010; Researcher name: Solveig Olafsdottir; Researcher institution: Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface silicates; Abbreviation: SIL; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Surface samples; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: colorimetric method; Uncertainty: 0,2 umol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE/GLODAP (2 Acceptable, 3 Questionnable, 4 Bad, 9 No data); Method reference: Olafsson, J., Olafsdottir, S. R., Benoit-Cattin, A., and Takahashi, T.: The Irminger Sea and the Iceland Sea time series measurements of sea water carbon and nutrient chemistry 1983-2008. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 2, 99-104, 2010; Researcher name: Solveig Olafsdottir; Researcher institution: Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface isotopic Carbon-13 of DIC; Abbreviation: C13; Unit: o/oo; Observation type: Surface samples; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: mass spectrometry; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples poisoned (HgCl2); Uncertainty: 0.02; Quality flag convention: WOCE/GLODAP (2 Acceptable, 3 Questionnable, 4 Bad, 9 No data); Method reference: Racape, V., Metzl, N., Pierre, C., Reverdin, G., Quay, P. D., and Olafsdottir, S. R.: The seasonal cycle of d13CDIC in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. Biogeosciences, 11, 1683-1692, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1683-2014, 2014.; Researcher name: Gilles Reverdin; Researcher institution: LOCEAN CNRS, Paris France.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface isotopic Oxygen-18 of water; Abbreviation: O18; Unit: o/oo; Observation type: Surface samples; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: IRMS, PICARRO CRDS; Uncertainty: 0.05; Quality flag convention: WOCE/GLODAP (2 Acceptable, 3 Questionnable, 4 Bad, 9 No data); Method reference: Benetti, M., Sveinsbjornsdottir, A. E., Olafsdottir, R., Leng, M. J., Arrowsmith, C., Debondt, K., Fripiat, F., and Aloisi, G.: Inter-comparison of salt effect correction for d18O and d2H measurements in seawater by CRDS and IRMS using the gas-G2O equilibration method. Mar. Chem., 194, 114-123, doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.05.010, 2017.; Researcher name: Gilles Reverdin; Researcher institution: LOCEAN CNRS, Paris France.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface isotopic hydrogen (deuterium) of water; Abbreviation: dD; Unit: o/oo; Observation type: Surface samples; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: IRMS, PICARRO CRDS; Uncertainty: 0.5; Quality flag convention: WOCE/GLODAP (2 Acceptable, 3 Questionnable, 4 Bad, 9 No data); Method reference: Benetti, M., Sveinsbjornsdottir, A. E., Olafsdottir, R., Leng, M. J., Arrowsmith, C., Debondt, K., Fripiat, F., and Aloisi, G.: Inter-comparison of salt effect correction for d18O and d2H measurements in seawater by CRDS and IRMS using the gas-G2O equilibration method. Mar. Chem., 194, 114-123, doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.05.010, 2017.; Researcher name: Gilles Reverdin; Researcher institution: LOCEAN CNRS, Paris France.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Deuterium excess; Abbreviation: dexcess; Unit: o/oo; Observation type: Calculated from dD and O18; Uncertainty: 0.5; Quality flag convention: WOCE/GLODAP (2 Acceptable, 3 Questionnable, 4 Bad, 9 No data); Researcher name: Gilles Reverdin; Researcher institution: LOCEAN CNRS, Paris France .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        maintenanceNote:  NCEI Accession 0172559 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  coulometer for DIC measurement
            type:  coulometer for DIC measurement
            description:  measures dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined by absorbing the CO2 in an absorbent. The pH of the solution is monitored by measuring the transmittance .
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  thermosalinograph
            type:  thermosalinograph
            description:  automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake. [https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29]
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  titrator
            type:  titrator
            description:  titrator