Skip to main content
Dataset Overview | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

Autonomous seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and pH time series from 40 surface buoys between 2004 and 2017 (NCEI Accession 0173932)

browse graphicPreview graphic
This dataset consists of the data synthesis product files that include autonomous seawater pCO2, pH, sea surface temperature and salinity time series measurements from 40 surface buoys between 2004 and 2017. Ship-based time series, some now approaching over three decades long, are critical climate records that have dramatically improved our ability to characterize natural and anthropogenic drivers of ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and biogeochemical processes. Advancements in autonomous ocean carbon observing technology over the last two decades have led to the expansion of fixed time series stations with the added capability of characterizing sub-seasonal variability. Here we present a data product of 40 autonomous moored surface ocean pCO2 and pH time series established between 2004 and 2013. These time series characterize a wide range of seawater pCO2 and pH conditions in different oceanic (17 sites) and coastal (13 sites) regimes including coral reefs (10 sites). With well-constrained daily to interannual variability and an estimate of decadal variability, these data suggest the length of time series necessary to detect an anthropogenic trend in seawater pCO2 and pH varies from 8 to 15 years at the open ocean sites, 16 to 41 years at the coastal sites, and 9 to 22 years at the coral reef sites. Only two open ocean pCO2 time series, WHOTS in the subtropical North Pacific and Stratus in the South Pacific gyre, are longer than the estimated time of emergence, and deseasoned monthly means show anthropogenic trends of 1.9+/-0.3 µatm yr-1 and 1.6+/-0.3 µatm yr-1, respectively. In the future, it is possible that updates to this product will allow for estimating anthropogenic trends at more sites; however, the product currently provides a valuable tool in an accessible format for evaluating climatology and natural variability of surface ocean carbonate chemistry in a variety of regions.
  • Cite as: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Feely, Richard A.; Maenner Jones, Stacy; Musielewicz, Sylvia; Osborne, John; Dietrich, Colin; Monacci, Natalie M.; Cross, Jessica N.; Bott, Randy; Kozyr, Alex (2018). Autonomous seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and pH time series from 40 surface buoys between 2004 and 2017 (NCEI Accession 0173932). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5db8043. Accessed [date].
gov.noaa.nodc:0173932
Download Data
  • HTTPS (download)
    Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
  • FTP (download)
    These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
Distribution Formats
  • Originator data format
Ordering Instructions Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
Distributor NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
+1-301-713-3277
NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Time Period 2004-01-01 to 2017-12-31
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates
West: -180
East: 180
South: -46
North: 68
Spatial Coverage Map
General Documentation
Associated Resources
  • Sutton, A. J., Feely, R. A., Maenner-Jones, S., Musielewicz, S., Osborne, J., Dietrich, C., Monacci, N., Cross, J., Bott, R., Kozyr, A., Andersson, A. J., Bates, N. R., Cai, W.-J., Cronin, M. F., De Carlo, E. H., Hales, B., Howden, S. D., Lee, C. M., Manzello, D. P., McPhaden, M. J., Meléndez, M., Mickett, J. B., Newton, J. A., Noakes, S. E., Noh, J. H., Olafsdottir, S. R., Salisbury, J. E., Send, U., Trull, T. W., Vandemark, D. C., and Weller, R. A.: Autonomous seawater pCO2 and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 421-439, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, 2019.
  • CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project
  • NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
Publication Dates
  • publication: 2018-06-22
Data Presentation Form Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status Complete - production of the data has been completed
Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency As needed
Purpose This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
Use Limitations
  • accessLevel: Public
  • Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
Dataset Citation
  • Cite as: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Feely, Richard A.; Maenner Jones, Stacy; Musielewicz, Sylvia; Osborne, John; Dietrich, Colin; Monacci, Natalie M.; Cross, Jessica N.; Bott, Randy; Kozyr, Alex (2018). Autonomous seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and pH time series from 40 surface buoys between 2004 and 2017 (NCEI Accession 0173932). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5db8043. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors
Principal Investigators
Contributors
Resource Providers
Publishers
Acknowledgments
  • Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Maintaining and expanding NOA-ON moored time-series product, OAP 1904-1904)
  • Funding Information: Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division of NOAA's Climate Program Office, NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (High-Resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-Series Measurements)
Theme keywords NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS WMO_CategoryCode
  • oceanography
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords OCADS Study Type
  • Mooring
  • Time series
Provider Keywords
  • Moorings
Provider Variable Abbreviations
  • SSS
  • SST_C
  • pCO2_air
  • pCO2_sw
  • pH_sw
  • xCO2_air
Data Center keywords NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
Platform keywords NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords Provider Platforms
  • Ala Wai
  • BOBOA
  • BTM
  • CCE1
  • CCE2
  • CRIMP1
  • CRIMP2
  • Cape Elizabeth
  • Cheeca Rocks
  • Chuuk
  • Chá bă (LaPush)
  • Coastal MS
  • Crescent Reef
  • Dabob
  • GAKOA
  • Gray's Reef
  • Gulf of Maine
  • Hog Reef
  • Iceland
  • JKEO
  • KEO
  • Kaneohe
  • Kilo Nalu
  • Kodiak
  • La Parguera
  • M2
  • NH-10
  • Papa
  • SEAK
  • SOFS
  • Stratus
  • TAO110W
  • TAO125W
  • TAO140W
  • TAO155W
  • TAO165E
  • TAO170W
  • TAO8S165E
  • Twanoh
  • WHOTS
Instrument keywords NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
Place keywords NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords Provider Geographic Names
  • Indian Ocean
  • North Atlantic Ocean
  • North Pacific Ocean
  • South Pacific Ocean
Project keywords NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Ocean Acidification Search Keywords
  • Ocean Acidification Program (OAP)
  • Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project
Research Projects
  • High-Resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-Series Measurements
Keywords NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER
Use Constraints
  • Cite as: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Feely, Richard A.; Maenner Jones, Stacy; Musielewicz, Sylvia; Osborne, John; Dietrich, Colin; Monacci, Natalie M.; Cross, Jessica N.; Bott, Randy; Kozyr, Alex (2018). Autonomous seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and pH time series from 40 surface buoys between 2004 and 2017 (NCEI Accession 0173932). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5db8043. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints
  • Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees
  • In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • 2018-06-22T18:31:19Z - NCEI Accession 0173932 v1.1 was published.
Output Datasets
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • Parameter or Variable: seawater pCO2 at 0.5m depth; Abbreviation: pCO2_sw; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Surface time series; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 2; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL.
  • Parameter or Variable: air pCO2 at 0.5-1m height; Abbreviation: pCO2_air; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Surface time series; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 1; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL.
  • Parameter or Variable: air xCO2 at 0.5-1m height; Abbreviation: xCO2_air; Unit: µmol mol-1; Observation type: Surface time series; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 1; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL.
  • Parameter or Variable: seawater pH at 0.5m depth; Abbreviation: pH_sw; Observation type: Surface time series; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 0.02; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL.
  • Parameter or Variable: Sea surface temperature at 0.5m depth; Abbreviation: SST_C; Unit: degrees celcius; Observation type: Surface time series; Sampling instrument:; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 0.01; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL.
  • Parameter or Variable: Sea surface salinity at 0.5m depth; Abbreviation: SSS; Observation type: Surface time series; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 0.05; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL .
Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument
  • carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
Platform
  • moorings
Last Modified: 2024-03-25T12:25:26Z
For questions about the information on this page, please email: ncei.info@noaa.gov