Sea surface and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements in the Atlantic Ocean during the Ship of Opportunity (SOOP) UK to Caribbean lines onboard the MV Benguela Stream in 2017 (NCEI Accession 0174135)
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title: Sea surface and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements in the Atlantic Ocean during the Ship of Opportunity (SOOP) UK to Caribbean lines onboard the MV Benguela Stream in 2017 (NCEI Accession 0174135)
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abstract: This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from Ship of Opportunity (SOOP) MV Benguela Stream in the North Atlantic Ocean from 2017-01-21 to 2017-10-19. These data include partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) - water, pCO2 - air, air-sea difference of pCO2, barometric pressure, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, sea surface salinity and temperature. The instruments used to collect these data include barometric pressure sensor and carbon dioxide gas analyzer. These data were collected by Dr. Ute Schuster of University of Exeter.
purpose: The major objectives of the measurements is to provide a high quality measurements of atmospheric and sea surface fCO2, sea surface salinity, temperature, and other parameters in the North Atlantic Ocean.
credit: Funding Information: UK NERC (This work was in parts supported by the UK NERC grant NE/K002473/1 (Radiatively active gases from the North Atlantic region and Climate Change, RAGANARoCC, a component of the UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Feedback Programme), European Union grant 633211 (Optimising and Enhancing the Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing Systems, AtlantOS, part of Horizon2010)., NE/K002473/1)
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title: Cooper, D. J., Watson, A. J., & Ling, R. D. (1998). Variation of pCO2 along a North Atlantic shipping route (U.K. to the Caribbean): A year of automated observations. Marine Chemistry, 60(1–2), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(97)00082-0
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title: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005
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description: Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: xCO2_sea; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: NDIR; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analysis on partially dried gas. NDIR calibration frequency: every 90 minutes using 0 ppm, 250 ppm, 350 ppm, or 450 ppm gas standards. Measurement frequency: every 1 minute except during NDIR calibration routines.; Equilibrator type: Percolator; Equilibrator volume: approx 1 L; Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented; Water flow rate: 3.5 L/min; Gas flow rate: 0.1 L/min; Drying method for gas: Thermoelectric cooling units followed by permeable membrane dryer and magnessium perchlorate tube; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc; SEA CO2 gas detector model: LI7000; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: +/- 0.1 ppm; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: less than 2 ppm; Standardization technique: Primary standards traceable to the WMO-X93 scale. Primary standards from NOAA calibrated in 2008; Standard gas manufacturer: BOC, UK (www.boc.com); Standard gas concentration: 0 ppm CO2 in dry air (UoE 000B052) with CO2 trap to remove any residual CO2 259.97 +/- 0.1 ppm CO2 in dry air (UoE 250B052) calibrated to NOAA/CMDL (http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/refgases/index.html) on 11 Feb 2017 361.00 +/- 0.1 ppm CO2 in dry air (UoE 350B052) calibrated to NOAA/CMDL (http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/refgases/index.html) on 11 Feb 2017 460.21 +/- 0.1 ppm CO2 in dry air (UoE 450B052) calibrated to NOAA/CMDL (http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/refgases/index.html) on 11 Feb 2017; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: In situ sea surface temperature; Method reference: Pierrot et al., Deep Sea Res. II, 56, 512-522 (2009); Researcher name: Ute Schuster; Researcher institution: University of Exeter, UK.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST_C; Unit: degrees celcius; Observation type: Surface Underway; Analyzing instrument: T-4050; Aanderaa Instruments, Norway; Uncertainty: 0.001; Researcher name: Ute Schuster; Researcher institution: University of Exeter, UK.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Salinity; Abbreviation: SSS; Observation type: Surface Underway; Analyzing instrument: Seabird SBE 45 Micro Thermosalniograph; Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., US; Uncertainty: 0.0002; Researcher name: Ute Schuster; Researcher institution: University of Exeter, UK.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Barometreic pressure transducer; Abbreviation: AtmPrs; Unit: mBar; Observation type: Surface Underway; Analyzing instrument: Li7000; Li-Cor, ambient engine room pressure calibrated to sea level pressure; Uncertainty: 0.1 hPa; Researcher name: Ute Schuster; Researcher institution: University of Exeter, UK.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Oxygen; Abbreviation: Oxygen; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: Surface Underway; Analyzing instrument: Optode 3835; Aanderaa Instruments, Norway; Uncertainty: UMOL/KGhPa; Researcher name: Ute Schuster; Researcher institution: University of Exeter, UK .
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
type: carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
description: measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
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code: Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) analyzer
type: Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) analyzer
description: A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined with a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) carbon dioxide analyzer.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
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code: showerhead equilibrator
type: showerhead equilibrator
description: extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
platform: (MI_Platform)
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code: Benguela Stream
description: Vessel of opportunity; built 1998; port of registry- Groningen, Netherlands;IMO9158594;
instrument: (missing)
