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Reproductive information for coral reef fish collected from markets and local vendors on Tutuila, American Samoa from 2016-12-20 to 2017-11-16 (NCEI Accession 0176110)


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            title:  Reproductive information for coral reef fish collected from markets and local vendors on Tutuila, American Samoa from 2016-12-20 to 2017-11-16 (NCEI Accession 0176110)
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                date:  2018-10-30
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                  Anchor:  NCEI Accession ID 0176110
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/3010 Ken Longenecker
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        abstract:  This dataset contains data from laboratory analysis of coral reef fish collected near Tutuila, American Samoa from 2016-12-20 to 2017-11-16. Natural-resource professionals from American Samoa's Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources performed novel research on the reproductive biology of exploited reef fishes. Participants worked as a group to produce new information for six species: Acanthurus guttatus, Acanthurus lineatus, Acanthurus nigricans, Ctenochatus striatus, Chlorurus japanensis and Scarus oviceps. These data can be used to describe: length-weight relationships (including sex-based differences), size-at-maturity for each sex (minimum size-at-maturity, and size-at-50%-maturity), reproductive mode (total vs batch spawning, gonochorism vs hermaphroditism), sex ratios (overall, operational, and size-specific), length-fecundity relationships, and reproductive periodicity (lunar, seasonal).
        purpose:  The overall objective of the project was to train a cadre of natural-resource professionals from the Territory of American Samoa to use newly developed methods for rapid, low-cost, reproductive analysis of coral-reef fishes. These methods require minimal research infrastructure and are suitable for use on participants' home and neighboring islands. Basic reproductive information (e.g., size at maturity) is lacking for most fishes (Froese & Binohlan 2000). This problem is especially acute for coral-reef fishes. The sheer diversity of coral-reef fishes, the supposed cost associated with the reproductive analysis of each species, and the lack of expertise and research infrastructure in developing Pacific Island nations (where most coral reefs are located) are often cited as barriers to obtaining this important base-line information (Roberts & Polunin 1993, Johannes 1998, Froese & Binohlan 2000). These problems hinder current abilities to effectively manage coral-reef fisheries in the Pacific. To address these issues, Longenecker et al. (2013) developed a method for rapid, low-cost, on-site, histology-based reproductive analysis that requires minimal research infrastructure. With this method, reproductive information can be generated quickly, and its low cost eliminates one of the arguments against broad-scale reproductive analysis surveys. Training a new crop of fish reproductive biologists who can independently use this method will increase the rate at which new reproductive information is generated, thus increasing the potential to effectively manage and conserve Pacific coral-reef fishes. The data presented here can be used to generate and disseminate novel reproductive information for commonly exploited Pacific reef fishes, including: 1) Length-weight relationships, 2) Size-at-maturity, 3) Reproductive mode, 4) Size-specific sex ratios, 5) Size-fecundity relationships, and 6) Reproductive periodicity.
        credit:  Related Funding Agency: 2016 Saltonstall-Kennedy Competitive Research Program (opportunity number NOAA-NMFS-FHQ-2016-2004617, award number NA16NMF4270264)
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                title:  The Functional Morphology of Teleost Gonads
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                    code: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1546-5098(08)60290-3
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                    individualName:  Yoshitaka Nagahama
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                    name:  Fish Physiology
                otherCitationDetails:  Volume 9, Part A, chapter 6. pp. 223-275
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                title:  Marine reserves: simple solutions to managing complex fisheries?
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                    individualName:  Wallace, R.A.
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                    name:  American Zoologist
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                otherCitationDetails:  pp. 325-343
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                    beginPosition:  2016-12-20
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        supplementalInformation:  Submission Package ID: 8C5CHJ
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0176110 v1.1 was published.
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                  DateTime:  2018-10-30T21:24:15Z
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                description:  Parameter or Variable: FISH SPECIES (measured); Units: genus species; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: trapped; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Identified by natural-resource professionals; Data Quality Method: fish identity is high quality.
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                description:  Parameter or Variable: fish length (measured); Units: cm, from front of head with mouth closed to end of middle caudal ray; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: measuring device; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Length, from the front of the head with mouth closed to the end of the middle caudal ray, was measured to 0.1 cm.; Data Quality Method: precision to 0.1 cm.
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                description:  Parameter or Variable: fish weight (measured); Units: gram; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: hanging spring scales; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Whole body weight was measured with the smallest-possible of two hanging spring-scales (100 or 1000 g capacity, with 1 or 10 g increments, respectively), with the exception of seven juvenile Balistapus undulatus that were weighed on a battery-powered jeweler's scale to 0.0001 g.; Data Quality Method: high precision.
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                description:  Parameter or Variable: Egg Stage (measured); Units: based on the criteria of Wallace & Sellman 1981; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: MT1 Porter-Blum microtome; Stempel pipette;Dissecting microscope;Compound microscope; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Size-at-Maturity and Reproductive Mode: The Dietrich's-fixed gonad subsamples were dehydrated ethanol (30 min in each of 50%, and two changes of 95% ethanol). Using plastic embedding medium (JB4, Electron Microscopy Sciences) and following kit instructions, gonad sections were infiltrated in two changes of infiltration solution, transferred into embedding capsules (BEEM (copyright), size 00), and embedded. Because high humidity in tropical locations often prevents tissue blocks from hardening completely, tissue blocks were dehydrated for 12 hours in a "desiccating chamber" (a diver's dry box containing silica gel packets and placed in full sunlight). From each embedded gonad subsample 10 tissue sections (approximately 7 um thick), distributed evenly throughout each tissue block, were obtained by serial sectioning on an MT1 Porter-Blum microtome outfitted with a glass knife. The tissue sections were floated on water droplets distributed on microscope slides, and slides were dried on a "warmer" (a flat piece of thick metal placed in full sunlight). Tissue sections (now affixed to the slides) were stained in a 0.5% solution of Toluidine Blue in water for 15 s. Excess stain was removed with a gentle stream of water, and the slides were once again dried on the "warmer". Ovary sections were examined at 40X and testis sections at 100X for evidence of reproductive maturity. Ovaries were classified according to Wallace and Selman (1981) and testes according to Nagahama (1983). Females were considered mature with the onset of vitellogenesis or when post-ovulatory follicles were present, and males mature when the testes contained visible spermatozoa (sperm cells with tails)..
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