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A combined globally mapped carbon dioxide (CO2) flux estimate based on the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database (SOCAT) and Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) biogeochemistry floats from 1982 to 2017 (NCEI Accession 0191304)


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            title:  A combined globally mapped carbon dioxide (CO2) flux estimate based on the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database (SOCAT) and Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) biogeochemistry floats from 1982 to 2017 (NCEI Accession 0191304)
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                date:  2019-07-12
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                date:  2019-07-19
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                  Anchor:  DOI 10.25921/9hsn-xq82
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5277 Peter Landschützer
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1052 Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1052 Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5277 Peter Landschützer
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1052 Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI)
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                individualName:  Seth M. Bushinsky
                organisationName:  Princeton University, Princeton, NJ and University of Hawai’i - Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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                individualName:  Alison R. Gray
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1775 University of Washington; School of Oceanography
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                individualName:  Bushinsky, Seth M.
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1806 Princeton University
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/984 University of Washington (UW)
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        abstract:  This dataset contains a combined globally mapped estimate of the air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) based on Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database (SOCAT) partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and calculated pCO2 from Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) biogeochemistry floats from 1982 to 2017. The pCO2 fields were created using a 2-step neural network technique. In a first step, the global ocean is divided into 16 biogeochemical provinces using a self-organizing map. In a second step, the non-linear relationship between variables known to drive the surface ocean carbon system and gridded observations from the SOCAT dataset (Bakker et al., 2016) starting in 1982 in various combinations with calculated pCO2 from biogeochemical ARGO floats starting in 2014 from the SOCCOM project (Johnson et al., 2017) is reconstructed using a feed-forward neural network within each province separately. The final product is then produced by projecting these driving variables, i.e., surface temperature, chlorophyll, mixed layer depth, and atmospheric CO2 onto oceanic pCO2 using these non-linear relationships. This results in monthly pCO2 fields at 1°x1° resolution covering the entire globe with the exception of the Arctic Ocean and few marginal seas. The air-sea CO2 flux is then computed using a standard bulk formula.
        purpose:  This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0191304 v1.1 was published.
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                            date: (inapplicable)
                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                        citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0191304/2.2
                                    protocol:  HTTPS
                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0191304 v2.2
                                    description:  published 2019-07-19T19:15:41Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: latitude in degrees north (89.5°S - 89.5°N with 1° resolution); Abbreviation: lat; Controlled vocabulary name: Latitude.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: longitude in degrees east (179.5°W-179.5°E with 1° resolution); Abbreviation: lon; Controlled vocabulary name: Longitude.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: time in seconds since 2000-01-01-00:00 (monthly resolution); Abbreviation: time; Controlled vocabulary name: Time.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: The raw 2-step neural network sea surface pCO2 output in μatm from both SOCAT and SOCCOM; Abbreviation: spco2_raw; Unit: μatm; Controlled vocabulary name: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water; Observation type: calculated.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: The air-sea flux density, calculated from the raw sea surface pCO2 in mol m-2 yr-1; Abbreviation: fgco2_raw; Unit: mol m-2 yr-1; Controlled vocabulary name: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - flux; Observation type: calculated.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: A smoothed product of the raw pCO2, created by the spatial and temporal mean of each points neighboring pixels (the 3x3x3 pixel neighborhood domain) in μatm; Abbreviation: spco2_smoothed; Unit: μatm; Controlled vocabulary name: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - flux; Observation type: calculated.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: A smoothed product of the raw air-sea CO2 flux, created by the spatial and temporal mean of each points neighboring pixels (the 3x3x3 pixel neighborhood domain) in mol m-2 yr-1; Abbreviation: fgco2_smoothed; Unit: m-2 yr-1; Controlled vocabulary name: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - flux; Observation type: calculated .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        maintenanceNote:  NCEI Accession 0191304 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            type:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            description:  measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  showerhead equilibrator
            type:  showerhead equilibrator
            description:  extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  MULTIPLE SHIPS OF GERMANY
            description:  MULTIPLE SHIPS OF GERMANY
            instrument: (missing)