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Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, nutrients and other variables collected from discrete profile observations using CTD, Niskin bottle, and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the 2nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA2, or ECOA-2) cruise from 2018-06-25 to 2018-07-29 (NCEI Accession 0196419)

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This dataset contains the discrete bottle data from the second East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA2 or ECOA-2). The ECOA2 Cruise on board NOAA Ship Henry B. Bigelow from Newport, took place in the Gulf of Maine and then along the East US coast to Miami. The effort was in support of the coastal monitoring and research objectives of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP). The cruise was designed to obtain a snapshot of key carbon, physical, and biogeochemical parameters as they relate to ocean acidification (OA) in the coastal realm. The cruise included a series of 14 transects approximately orthogonal to the Gulf of Maine and Atlantic coasts and a comprehensive set of underway measurements along the entire transect.
  • Cite as: Salisbury, Joseph E.; Shellito, Shawn M. (2019). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, nutrients and other variables collected from discrete profile observations using CTD, Niskin bottle, and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the 2nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA2, or ECOA-2) cruise from 2018-06-25 to 2018-07-29 (NCEI Accession 0196419). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/f4vg-g356. Accessed [date].
gov.noaa.nodc:0196419
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Distributor NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
+1-301-713-3277
NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Time Period 2018-06-25 to 2018-07-29
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates
West: -80.975
East: -61.398
South: 26.945
North: 45.006
Spatial Coverage Map
General Documentation
Associated Resources
  • Salisbury, J. and Shellito S. 2017. ECOA Report.
  • Salisbury, Joseph E.; Shellito, Shawn M. (2019). Dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, PAR, temperature, salinity, and other variables collected from continuous CTD profiles using CTD and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the 2nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA2, or ECOA-2) cruise from 2018-06-25 to 2018-07-29 (NCEI Accession 0194299). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/ygfn-av43.
  • Salisbury, Joseph E.; Shellito, Shawn M. (2019). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, Oxygen, and other variables collected from surface discrete observations using flow-through pump and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the 2nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA2, or ECOA-2) cruise from 2018-06-26 to 2018-07-28 (NCEI Accession 0196423). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/bh9e-we02.
  • Hunt, Christopher W.; Salisbury, Joseph E.; Aßmann, Steffen; Fietzek, Peer; Frank, Carsten; Hare, Jonathan A.; Melrose, Donald C.; Mook, Willem G.; Morrison, J. Ruairidh; Vandemark, Douglas; Wanninkhof, Rik (2020). Underway total alkalinity, temperature and salinity collected from surface seawater during NOAA Ship Henry B. Bigelow ECOA-2 cruise (EXPOCODE 33HH20180625) in the East Coast of the U.S. from 2018-06-25 to 2018-07-29 (NCEI Accession 0215462). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/82k2-3912.
  • NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
Publication Dates
  • publication: 2019-08-16
  • revision: 2023-05-19
Data Presentation Form Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status Complete - production of the data has been completed
Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency As needed
Supplemental Information
In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number.
Purpose To measure key carbon, physical and biogeochemical parameters in coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine and eastern coast of the US in relation to Ocean Acidification.
Use Limitations
  • accessLevel: Public
  • Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
Dataset Citation
  • Cite as: Salisbury, Joseph E.; Shellito, Shawn M. (2019). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, nutrients and other variables collected from discrete profile observations using CTD, Niskin bottle, and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the 2nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA2, or ECOA-2) cruise from 2018-06-25 to 2018-07-29 (NCEI Accession 0196419). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/f4vg-g356. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors
Principal Investigators
Contributors
Resource Providers
Publishers
Acknowledgments
  • Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Data acquisition and analysis from coastal OA research cruises (Barbero AOML), 17928)
  • Funding Information: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (ECOA2 Cruise, OAP1812-1527)
Theme keywords NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS WMO_CategoryCode
  • oceanography
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords OCADS Study Type
  • Discrete measurement
  • Profile
Provider Variable Abbreviations
  • ALKALI
  • CDOM
  • CH4
  • CTD_o2_1_conc
  • CTD_o2_2_conc
  • DIC_AOML
  • DOC
  • ETS_0.4
  • ETS_GFF
  • HPLC_chl_a
  • NO2+NO3
  • PH_TOT
  • PN
  • PO4
  • POC
  • Pressure
  • Sal_1
  • Sal_2
  • Silicate
  • TSM
  • Temp_1
  • Temp_2
  • oxygen
  • pCO2_a_T22
  • δ18O
Data Center keywords NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
Platform keywords NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes
Instrument keywords NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
Place keywords NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords Provider Geographic Names
  • Bay of Fundy
  • East Coast of the U.S. and Canada
  • Gulf of Maine
  • Mid-Atlantic Bight
  • South Atlantic Bight
Project keywords NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Cruise ID
  • HB-18-04 ECOA2
EXPOCODE
  • 33HH20180625
Ocean Acidification Search Keywords
  • Ocean Acidification Program (OAP)
  • Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project
Keywords NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER
Use Constraints
  • Cite as: Salisbury, Joseph E.; Shellito, Shawn M. (2019). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, nutrients and other variables collected from discrete profile observations using CTD, Niskin bottle, and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the 2nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA2, or ECOA-2) cruise from 2018-06-25 to 2018-07-29 (NCEI Accession 0196419). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/f4vg-g356. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints
  • Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees
  • In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • 2019-08-16T19:56:20Z - NCEI Accession 0196419 v1.1 was published.
  • 2020-09-22T17:31:54Z - NCEI Accession 0196419 was revised and v2.2 was published.
    Rationale: Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
  • 2022-06-04T06:31:35Z - NCEI Accession 0196419 was revised and v3.3 was published.
    Rationale: Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
  • 2023-05-19T20:32:29Z - NCEI Accession 0196419 was revised and v4.4 was published.
    Rationale: Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
Output Datasets
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC_AOML; Unit: micromol/kg; Observation type: Profile discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Calculation of the amount of CO2 injected was according to the CO2 handbook (DOE 1994). The concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) in the samples was determined according to: [CO2] = Cal. Factor * (Counts - Blank * Run Time)* K (umol/count) / (pipette volume * density of sample), where Cal. Factor is the calibration factor, Counts is the instrument reading at the end of the analysis, Blank is the counts/minute determined from blank runs performed at least once for each cell solution, Run Time is the length of coulometric titration (in minutes), and K is the conversion factor from counts to micromoles.; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Two systems consisting of a coulometer (UIC Inc.) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE) inlet system. DICE was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA (Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples for total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measurements were drawn according to procedures outlined in the Handbook of Methods for CO2 Analysis (DOE 1994) from Niskin bottles into cleaned 294-ml glass bottles. Bottles were rinsed and filled from the bottom, leaving 6 ml of headspace; care was taken not to entrain any bubbles. After 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 solution was added as a preservative, the sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease and were stored at room temperature for a maximum of 12 hours prior to analysis. The DIC analytical equipment was set up in a seagoing laboratory van. The analysis was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (AOML3 and AOML4) used simultaneously on the cruise. In the coulometric analysis of DIC, all carbonate species are converted to CO2 (gas) by addition of excess hydrogen ion (acid) to the seawater sample, and the evolved CO2 gas is swept into the titration cell of the coulometer with pure air or compressed nitrogen, where it reacts quantitatively with a proprietary reagent based on ethanolamine to generate hydrogen ions. In this process, the solution changes from blue to colorless, triggering a current through the cell and causing coulometrical generation of OH- ions at the anode. The OH- ions react with the H+, and the solution turns blue again. A beam of light is shone through the solution, and a photometric detector at the opposite side of the cell senses the change in transmission. Once the percent transmission reaches its original value, the coulometric titration is stopped, and the amount of CO2 that enters the cell is determined by integrating the total charge during the titration. The pipette volume was determined by taking aliquots at known temperature of distilled water from the volumes. The weights with the appropriate densities were used to determine the volume of the pipettes. Calculation of the amount of CO2 injected was according to the CO2 handbook (DOE 1994). The instrument has a salinity sensor, but all DIC values were recalculated to a molar weight (umol/kg) using density obtained from the CTD's salinity. The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. A correction was also applied for the offset from the CRM. This additive correction was applied for each cell using the CRM value obtained in the beginning of the cell. The average correction was 2.13 umol/kg. While both systems worked very well during the cruise, they occasionally had high blanks. Normally the blank is less than 30, but we were forced to run them with blanks in the 12-38 range. Several relatively minor problems occurred with AOML 3 during the cruise; (1) A power problem on 06/20/2015 with the coulometer was resolved by plugging several items into different outlets instead of all into the same power strip, (2) Pipette filling problem (liquid level sensor error) which started on 06/28/2015 was resolved on 07/08/2015 by replacing sample tubing and valve/inlet 13, (3) the coulometer was malfunctioning on 07/10/2015 and not responding to the computer/labview program and was switched out with an older version coulometer (AOML5), which was used for the remainder of the cruise, and (4) a field point communication error occurred on 07/16/2015 and was resolved by tightening the serial port connection to DICE 3. AOML 4 worked well during the cruise with no problems. Discrete DIC samples were collected every hour with duplicates every fifth sample.; Replicate information: Duplicates were collected on most CTD stations and every 5th sample for the underway discrete sampling. A total of 184 duplicates were collected from the discrete CTD samples which had an average difference of 1.09umol/kg and STDEV of 0.77. A total of 44 duplicates were collected for the discrete underway samples which had an average difference of 1.31 umol/kg and STDEV of 0.92. A duplicate data file is included.; Standardization description: The coulometers were calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.99%) by means of an 8-port valve outfitted with two sample loops with known gas volumes bracketing the amount of CO2 extracted from the water samples for the two AOML systems.; Standardization frequency: The stability of each coulometer cell solution was confirmed three different ways: two sets of gas loops were measured at the beginning; also the Certified Reference Material (CRM), Batch 121, supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of SIO, was measured at the beginning; and the duplicate samples at the beginning, middle, and end of each cell solution. The coulometer cell solution was replaced after 25 mg of carbon was titrated, typically after 9-12 hours of continuous use.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. Dickson (SIO); Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Preservative correction: The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. The total water volume of the sample bottles was 288 ml (calibrated by Esa Peltola, AOML). The correction factor used for dilution was 1.0007.; Uncertainty: none; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). (1994). Handbook of Methods for the Analysis of the Various Parameters of the Carbon Dioxide System in Seawater. Version 2.0. ORNL/CDIAC-74. Ed. A. G. Dickson and C. Goyet. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Johnson, K.M., Kortzinger, A.; Mintrop, L.; Duinker, J.C.; and Wallace, D.W.R. (1999). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Measurement and internal consistency of underway surface TCO2 concentrations. Marine Chemistry 67:123-44. Johnson, K.M., Wills, K.D.; Butler, D.B.; Johnson, W.K.; and Wong, C.S. (1993). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated gas extraction. Johnson, K.M. (1992). Operator's Manual: Single-Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) for Total Carbon Dioxide (CT) with Coulometric Detection. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, N.Y. Johnson, K.M.; Williams, P.J.; Brandstrom, L.; and McN. Sieburth, J. (1987). Coulometric total carbon analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration. Marine Chemistry 21:117-33.; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof1, Leticia Barbero1, 2; Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1, University of Miami, CIMAS2.
  • Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: ALKALI; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Semi-automated total alkalinity titration system (AS-ALK2, Apollo Scitech). This system consists of two high precision Kloehn digital pumps which are equipped with 1 ml and 25 ml syringes, an Orion Star A211 pH meter (Thermo Scientific), and an Orion 8102BN ROSS combination pH electrode (Thermo Scientific), and a thermostated water bath.; Type of titration: Gran titration; Cell type (open or closed): Open; Curve fitting method: Linear least squares regression; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were measured within 24 hours of collection except for samples collected from station 19, which were poisoned with saturated HgCl2. TA samples were collected directly from the Niskin bottle into 250 ml ground-glass borosilicate bottles without HgCl2 poisoning. TA was determined on 25 mL seawater samples by potentiometric titration, using 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and an open-cell titration system. All TA samples were analyzed in pre-thermostated glass cells. For each sample analysis, subsamples were sequentially analyzed at least twice until we obtained two replicates with a precision within 0.1%.; Replicate information: 50 duplicates were sampled during the cruise.; Standardization description: The pH electrode was calibrated with three pH buffers (NBS) 4.01, 7.00, and 10.01. Recalibration was done every 12 to 24 hours. The concentration of HCl solution was standardized by the Certified Reference Material (CRM, batch#121 and batch#141). In addition, CRM was also used as sample to check the stability of the TA titration system every 12 hours or when necessary.; Standardization frequency: The concentration of hydrochloric acid was standardized once per day using the Certified Reference Material (CRM).; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; CRM batch number: Batch#121 and batch#141; Preservation method: N/A; Preservative volume: N/A; Preservative correction: N/A; TA blank correction: N/A; Uncertainty: The precision of this method is better than 0.1% and accuracy is 0.1%.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Gran, G. (1952). "Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II." Analyst 77(920): 661-671. Cai, W. J., X. P. Hu, W. J. Huang, L. Q. Jiang, Y. C. Wang, T. H. Peng and X. Zhang (2010). "Alkalinity distribution in the western North Atlantic Ocean margins." Journal of Geophysical Research 115: C08014. Huang, W. J., Y. C. Wang and W. J. Cai (2012). "Assessment of sample storage techniques for total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 10: 711-717. Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian (2007). "Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements."; Researcher name: Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware.
  • Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: PH_TOT; pH scale: Total; Observation type: Profile discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: The pH was measured using the spectrophotometric method on the total hydrogen ion concentration pH scale. The analyzing system consists of an Agilent 8453 UV-visible spectroscopy system, a high precision Kloehn digital pump, a 10-cm light path quartz cell, a thermostated water bath, and a custom-made temperature-control system for spectrophotometer cell.; Temperature of pH measurement: 25 C. The temperature of measurement for each sample is 25 C; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater was sampled directly from the Niskin bottle into a narrow neck 125 mL borosilicate glass bottle. After filling the bottle, we let several hundred mL of seawater overflow and then capped the bottle. While awaiting analysis, the samples were stored in the dark. Seawater was analyzed within 2 hours of collection. During analysis, the absorbance of a seawater blank was first measured at three wavelengths (578, 434, and 730 nm). Then the absorbance of the mixture of concentrated purified dye m-cresol purple (30 micro-liter, ~2 mmol/L, MCP) and seawater was measured at the same wavelengths. In addition, a double dye addition experiment was carried out at sea to evaluate the influence on pH due to the addition of dye into seawater.; Replicate information: 73 duplicates were sampled during the cruise.; Standardization description: The pH data was guaranteed by purified m-cresol purple which was supplied by Dr. Robert H. Byrne at University of South Florida.; At what temperature was pH reported: 20 C and 25 C. Reported at the temperature of measurement.; Uncertainty: 0.001 pH units; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Liu, X. W., M. C. Patsavas and R. H. Byrne (2011). "Purification and Characterization of meta-Cresol Purple for Spectrophotometric Seawater pH Measurements." Environmental Science and Technology 45(11): 4862-4868. Clayton, T. D. and R. H. Byrne (1993). "Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements - total hydrogen-ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results." Deep-Sea Research Part I 40(10): 2115-2129. Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian (2007). "Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements."; Researcher name: Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware.
  • Parameter or Variable: CTD pressure; Abbreviation: Pressure; Unit: dbars; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: CTD; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf. CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame, a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a PSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Method reference: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf.; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
  • Parameter or Variable: CTD temperature primary; Abbreviation: Temp_1; Unit: deg c; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: CTD; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf. CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame, a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a PSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: Calibration accuracy was examined by comparing T1-T2 over a range of station numbers and depths (bottle trip locations) for each cast. For the entire cruise, only one set of temperature sensors were used, both tracked each other very well. These comparisons show a median temperature difference between the two sensors of 0.0002 degree C.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf.; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
  • Parameter or Variable: CTD temperature secondary; Abbreviation: Temp_2; Unit: deg c; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: CTD; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf. CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame, a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a EPSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: Calibration accuracy was examined by comparing T1-T2 over a range of station numbers and depths (bottle trip locations) for each cast. For the entire cruise, only one set of temperature sensors were used, both tracked each other very well. These comparisons show a median temperature difference between the two sensors of 0.0002 degree C.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf.; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
  • Parameter or Variable: CTD Primary Salinity; Abbreviation: Sal_1; Unit: PSU; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: calculated; Calculation method and parameters: CTD; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf. CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame, a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a EPSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: Conductivity sensor calibration coefficients derived from the pre-cruise calibrations were applied to raw primary and secondary conductivities. Comparisons between the primary and secondary sensors and between each of the sensors to check sample conductivities. These comparisons are summarized in Figure 3, which shows a median salinity difference between the sensors of 0.009 PSU.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf.; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
  • Parameter or Variable: CTD Secondary Salinity; Abbreviation: Sal_2; Unit: PSU; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: calculated; Calculation method and parameters: CTD; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf. CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame (AOML's yellow frame), a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a EPSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: Conductivity sensor calibration coefficients derived from the pre-cruise calibrations were applied to raw primary and secondary conductivities. Comparisons between the primary and secondary sensors and between each of the sensors to check sample conductivities. These comparisons are summarized in Figure 3, which shows a median salinity difference between the sensors of 0.009 PSU.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf.; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
  • Parameter or Variable: CTD oxygen concentration; Abbreviation: CTD_o2_1_conc; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Calculation method and parameters: SBE 43; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf. CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame, a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a EPSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: The DO sensors were compared to dissolved O2 check samples by matching the up cast bottle trips to CTD bottle files which produced an RMSE of 6.240 umol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf.; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
  • Parameter or Variable: CTD oxygen concentration; Abbreviation: CTD_o2_2_conc; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: profile continuous; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Calculation method and parameters: SBE 43; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf. CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame (AOML's yellow frame), a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a EPSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: The DO sensors were compared to dissolved O2 check samples by matching the up cast bottle trips to CTD bottle files which produced an RMSE of 6.240 umol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA2/Cruise_Report.pdf.; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
  • Parameter or Variable: bottle dissolved oxygen; Abbreviation: oxygen; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Automated oxygen titrator using amperometric end-point detection (Langdon 2010).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were drawn from all casts and all Niskin bottles into volumetrically calibrated 125 ml iodine titration flasks using Tygon tubing with a silicone adaptor that fit over the petcock to avoid contamination of DOC samples. Bottles were rinsed three times and filled from the bottom, overflowing three volumes while taking care not to entrain any bubbles. The draw temperature was taken using a digital thermometer with a flexible thermistor probe that was inserted into the flask while the sample was being drawn during the overflow period. These temperatures were used to calculate concentrations, and a diagnostic check of Niskin bottle integrity. One ml of MnCl2 and one ml of NaOH/NaI were added immediately after drawing of the sample was concluded using a Repipetor, the flasks were then stoppered and shaken well. DIW was added to the neck of each flask to create a water seal. The flasks were stored in the lab in plastic totes at room temperature for at least 1 hour before analysis. Twenty-four samples plus duplicates were drawn from each station except the shallow coastal stations where fewer samples were drawn depending on the depth or as directed by the chief scientist. Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an automated oxygen titrator using amperometric end-point detection (Langdon 2010). The titration of the samples and the data logging and graphical display was performed on a PC running a LabView program written by Ulises Rivero of AOML. The titrations were performed in a climate controlled lab at 18.5-20 degrees Celsius. Thiosulfate was dispensed by a 2 ml Gilmont syringe driven with a stepper motor controlled by the titrator. Tests in the lab were performed to confirm that the precision and accuracy of the volume dispensed were comparable or superior to the Dosimat 665. The whole-bottle titration technique of Carpenter (1965) with modifications by Culberson et al. (1991) was used. Four to three replicate 10 ml iodate standards were run 13 times during the cruise. The reagent blank was determined at the beginning and end of the cruise. A titration was made to 1 ml of iodate standard. The volume of thiosulfate required for the titration is V1. An additional 1 ml of standard was added to the titrated sample and titrated again. The volume of thiosulfate used for the second titration is V2. The reagent blank was determined as the difference between V1 and V2.; Replicate information: 225 duplicate samples were drawn.; Uncertainty: The preliminary difference between replicates averaged 0.86 umol kg-1 for stations 1-120 (Leg 1) and 0.39 umol kg-1 for stations 121-184 (Leg 2).; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Carpenter, J.H. (1965). The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler dissolved oxygen method. Limnol. Oceanogr. 10: 141-143 Culberson, C.H. and Huang, S. (1987). Automated amperometric oxygen titration. Deep-Sea Res. 34: 875-880. Culberson, C.H.; Knapp, G.; Stalcup, M.; Williams, R.T. and Zemlyak, F. (1991). A comparison of methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater. WHP Operations and Methods. Langdon, C. (2010). Determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater by Winkler titration using the amperometric technique. The GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual: A Collection of Expert Reports and Guidelines. E. M. Hood, C. L. Sabine and B. M. Sloyan, IOCCP Report Number 14, ICPO Publication Series Number 134.; Researcher name: Chris Langdon; Researcher institution: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami.
  • Parameter or Variable: Orthosilicic acid; Abbreviation: Silicate; Unit: micro-mol/kg; Observation type: Profile discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate plus nitrite, silicate and phosphate using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3 according to the procedures described by Whitledge et al (1986).; Replicate information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. Sample analysis typically began within a few hours of sample collection after the samples had warmed to room temperature. Those samples not analyzed within 3 hours were refrigerated for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for phosphate (PO4- 3), nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-) and orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4).; Uncertainty: A mixed stock standard consisting of silicic acid, phosphate and nitrate was prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (KNO3, KH2PO4 and Na2SiF6) in deionized water using a two step dilution for phosphate and nitrate. This standard was stored at room temperature. A nitrite stock standard was prepared dissolving NaNO2 in distilled water, and this standard was stored in a refrigerator on the ship. Working standards were prepared fresh daily by diluting the stock solutions in low nutrient seawater. The mixed standards were verified against commercial standards, and in-lab standards.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Whitledge, T.E., D.M. Veidt, S.C. Mallow, C.J. Patton, C.D. Wirick. 1986. Automated nutrient analyses in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Publication BNL 38990, 177 p.; Researcher name: David Townsend and Maura Thomas; Researcher institution: University of Maine.
  • Parameter or Variable: Sum of nitrite and nitrate; Abbreviation: NO2+NO3; Unit: micro-mol/kg; Observation type: Profile discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate plus nitrite, silicate and phosphate using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3 according to the procedures described by Whitledge et al (1986).; Replicate information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. Sample analysis typically began within a few hours of sample collection after the samples had warmed to room temperature. Those samples not analyzed within 3 hours were refrigerated for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for phosphate (PO4- 3), nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-) and orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4).; Uncertainty: A mixed stock standard consisting of silicic acid, phosphate and nitrate was prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (KNO3, KH2PO4 and Na2SiF6) in deionized water using a two step dilution for phosphate and nitrate. This standard was stored at room temperature. A nitrite stock standard was prepared dissolving NaNO2 in distilled water, and this standard was stored in a refrigerator on the ship. Working standards were prepared fresh daily by diluting the stock solutions in low nutrient seawater. The mixed standards were verified against commercial standards, and in-lab standards.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Whitledge, T.E., D.M. Veidt, S.C. Mallow, C.J. Patton, C.D. Wirick. 1986. Automated nutrient analyses in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Publication BNL 38990, 177 p.; Researcher name: David Townsend and Maura Thomas; Researcher institution: University of Maine.
  • Parameter or Variable: phosphate; Abbreviation: PO4; Unit: micro-mol/kg; Observation type: Profile discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate plus nitrite, silicate and phosphate using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3 according to the procedures described by Whitledge et al (1986).; Replicate information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. Sample analysis typically began within a few hours of sample collection after the samples had warmed to room temperature. Those samples not analyzed within 3 hours were refrigerated for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for phosphate (PO4- 3), nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-) and orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4).; Uncertainty: A mixed stock standard consisting of silicic acid, phosphate and nitrate was prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (KNO3, KH2PO4 and Na2SiF6) in deionized water using a two step dilution for phosphate and nitrate. This standard was stored at room temperature. A nitrite stock standard was prepared dissolving NaNO2 in distilled water, and this standard was stored in a refrigerator on the ship. Working standards were prepared fresh daily by diluting the stock solutions in low nutrient seawater. The mixed standards were verified against commercial standards, and in-lab standards.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Whitledge, T.E., D.M. Veidt, S.C. Mallow, C.J. Patton, C.D. Wirick. 1986. Automated nutrient analyses in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Publication BNL 38990, 177 p.; Researcher name: David Townsend and Maura Thomas; Researcher institution: University of Maine.
  • Parameter or Variable: particulate nitrogen; Abbreviation: PN; Unit: milligrams per cubic meter; Observation type: Profile discrete; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Typically three depths (surface, mix layer, and depth inbetween) are sampled via niskin bottle. POC/PN samples are collected in 0.5, 1.04 or 2.2 Liter, brown polypropylene bottles. Samples are filtered on precombusted Whatman GF/F 25mm under low vacuum pressure (40 mm Hg) Filter is removed, folded in half with the particulate part inside the fold and wrapped in precombusted aluminum foil. Samples are stored in Liquid Nitrogen and transferred post cruise to a -80oC freezer until processed.; Method reference: Hedges, J.I. and J.H. Stern. 1984. Carbon and nitrogen determinations of carbonate-containing solids. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29: 657-663.; Researcher name: Antonio Mannino; Researcher institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • Parameter or Variable: particulate organic carbon; Abbreviation: POC; Unit: milligrams per cubic meter; Observation type: Profile discrete; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Typically three depths (surface, mix layer, and depth inbetween) are sampled via niskin bottle. POC/PN samples are collected in 0.5, 1.04 or 2.2 Liter, brown polypropylene bottles. Samples are filtered on precombusted Whatman GF/F 25mm under low vacuum pressure (40 mm Hg) Filter is removed, folded in half with the particulate part inside the fold and wrapped in precombusted aluminum foil. Samples are stored in Liquid Nitrogen and transferred post cruise to a -80oC freezer until processed.; Method reference: Hedges, J.I. and J.H. Stern. 1984. Carbon and nitrogen determinations of carbonate-containing solids. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29: 657-663.; Researcher name: Antonio Mannino; Researcher institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Organic Carbon; Abbreviation: DOC; Unit: micromol/kg; Observation type: Profile discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Typically three depths (surface, mix layer, and depth inbetween) are sampled via niskin bottler. The samples were filtered under a gentle vacuum (less than 5 in Hg) through pre-combusted (6 hours at 450 degree C) 47mm GFF filters and separated into 2 or 3 (depending on depth) 40ml vials for DOC and one 125ml bottle for CDOM. The DOC vials were frozen and the CDOM bottles refrigerated. DOC and CDOM samples were analyzed by Antonio Mannino's laboratory at NASA Goddard.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Mannino, A., M. E. Russ, and S. B. Hooker (2008), Algorithm development and validation for satellite-derived distributions of DOC and CDOM in the U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C07051, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004493; Researcher name: Antonio Mannino; Researcher institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • Parameter or Variable: Colored dissolved organic matter at different wavelengths; Abbreviation: CDOM; Unit: milligrams per cubic meter; Observation type: Profile discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Typically three depths (surface, mix layer, and depth inbetween) are sampled via niskin bottler. The samples were filtered under a gentle vacuum (less than 5 in Hg) through pre-combusted (6 hours at 450 degree C) 47mm GFF filters and separated into 2 or 3 (depending on depth) 40ml vials for DOC and one 125ml bottle for CDOM. The DOC vials were frozen and the CDOM bottles refrigerated. DOC and CDOM samples were analyzed by Antonio Mannino's laboratory at NASA Goddard.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Mannino, A., M. E. Russ, and S. B. Hooker (2008), Algorithm development and validation for satellite-derived distributions of DOC and CDOM in the U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C07051, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004493; Researcher name: Antonio Mannino; Researcher institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • Parameter or Variable: chlorophyll a concentration via pigment scan; Abbreviation: HPLC_chl_a; Unit: milligrams per cubic meter; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were taken with a niskin bottle from the surface, mix layer, and where applicable at a third depth between the surface and mix layer. The samples were run through precombusted (6 hours at 450 degree C) 25mm GFF filters, placed in precombusted aluminum foil, and stored in liquid nitrogen until analysis.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Van Heukelem, L. and C.S. Thomas, 2001: Computer-assisted high-performance liquid chromatography method development with applications to the isolation and analysis of phytoplankton pigments. J.Chromatogr. A, 910, 31-49.; Researcher name: Antonio Mannino; Researcher institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • Parameter or Variable: Total Suspended Matter; Abbreviation: TSM; Unit: milligrams per cubic meter; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: TSM sample seawater were filtered onto 0.7 um (nominal size) GF/F filters. Pre-weighted and combusted GF/F's were used for the collection of the TSS samples. Special care was taken to avoid sea-salt retention in the filters; sample filters were rinsed several times with deionized water to remove sea salt. Samples were frozen until the end of the cruise and then dried when back in the lab.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: D. Van der Linde, Protocol for Total Suspended Matter estimate. JRC Technical Note. June 1998.; Researcher name: Antonio Mannino; Researcher institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • Parameter or Variable: Electron transport system; Abbreviation: ETS_GFF; Unit: ug O2/d/L; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: ETS activity was determined both for the GF/F filter and the 0.4um filter from each station. Three solutions were used for analysis. The first was a substrate made from NADH and NADPH (in a 3:1 ratio) and sodium succinate (these three components act as electron donors in the analysis), and a trace amount of Triton, all dissolved in a phosphate buffer. The phosphate buffer was made using Triton, PVP, MgSO4 7H20, and a trace amount of NaCN. Sodium cyanide was only added to the PO4 buffer in the first batch made, and in subsequent solutions it was excluded, as it was deemed unnecessary and a potential health hazard. The third solution needed for analysis was a 4 mM INT solution, made from INT (described below) and milli-Q water. This acted as the artificial electron acceptor in the analysis.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Packard, T. T., and Williams, P. L. B. (1981). Respiration and respiratory electron transport activity in sea surface seawater from the northeast Atlantic. Oceanol. Acta, 4, 351-358. Packard, T.T. (1985). Measurement of electron transport activity of microplankton. Adv. Aquat. Mircobiol., 3, 207-261.; Researcher name: Kai Ziervogel; Researcher institution: University of New Hampshire.
  • Parameter or Variable: electron transport system; Abbreviation: ETS_0.4; Unit: ug O2/d/L; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: ETS activity was determined both for the GF/F filter and the 0.4um filter from each station. Three solutions were used for analysis. The first was a substrate made from NADH and NADPH (in a 3:1 ratio) and sodium succinate (these three components act as electron donors in the analysis), and a trace amount of Triton, all dissolved in a phosphate buffer. The phosphate buffer was made using Triton, PVP, MgSO4 7H20, and a trace amount of NaCN. Sodium cyanide was only added to the PO4 buffer in the first batch made, and in subsequent solutions it was excluded, as it was deemed unnecessary and a potential health hazard. The third solution needed for analysis was a 4 mM INT solution, made from INT (described below) and milli-Q water. This acted as the artificial electron acceptor in the analysis.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Packard, T. T., and Williams, P. L. B. (1981). Respiration and respiratory electron transport activity in sea surface seawater from the northeast Atlantic. Oceanol. Acta, 4, 351-358. Packard, T.T. (1985). Measurement of electron transport activity of microplankton. Adv. Aquat. Mircobiol., 3, 207-261.; Researcher name: Kai Ziervogel; Researcher institution: University of New Hampshire.
  • Parameter or Variable: methane; Abbreviation: CH4; Unit: nmol/L; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples for pCO2/CH4 were drawn from Niskin bottles directly into 160 ml serum glass bottles using flexible silicon tubing. Bottles were rinsed, filled, and then overflowed by two volumes making sure not to entrain any air bubbles. Completely full bottles were spiked with saturated mercuric chloride and then had a crimp seal crimped onto the bottle to seal it. O-18 samples were collected in a similar manner but instead of being crimped the 60 ml brown glass bottles had screw caps tighten upon them and then 2 wraps of electrical tape wrapped around each cap seal. A total of 294 pCO2/CH4 samples were collected while a total of 183 O18 samples were collected. Data will be submitted along with all discrete samples on a master sampling sheet to NCEI.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Punshon, S, O. Sherwood, E. Edinger, K. Azetsu-Scott (2019) Bottom water methane sources along the high latitude eastern Canadian continental shelf and their effects on the marine carbonate system. Marine Chemistry, 212, 83-95.; Researcher name: Kumiko Azetsu-Scott; Researcher institution: DFO- Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
  • Parameter or Variable: partial pressure of CO2 in water at temperature 22 Celcius; Abbreviation: pCO2_a_T22; Unit: uatm; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples for pCO2/CH4 were drawn from Niskin bottles directly into 160 ml serum glass bottles using flexible silicon tubing. Bottles were rinsed, filled, and then overflowed by two volumes making sure not to entrain any air bubbles. Completely full bottles were spiked with saturated mercuric chloride and then had a crimp seal crimped onto the bottle to seal it. O-18 samples were collected in a similar manner but instead of being crimped the 60 ml brown glass bottles had screw caps tighten upon them and then 2 wraps of electrical tape wrapped around each cap seal. A total of 294 pCO2/CH4 samples were collected while a total of 183 O18 samples were collected. Data will be submitted along with all discrete samples on a master sampling sheet to NCEI.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Punshon, S, O. Sherwood, E. Edinger, K. Azetsu-Scott (2019) Bottom water methane sources along the high latitude eastern Canadian continental shelf and their effects on the marine carbonate system. Marine Chemistry, 212, 83-95.; Researcher name: Kumiko Azetsu-Scott; Researcher institution: DFO- Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
  • Parameter or Variable: Oxygen 18 Oxygen isotope measurements; Abbreviation: δ18O; Unit: %; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples for pCO2/CH4 were drawn from Niskin bottles directly into 160 ml serum glass bottles using flexible silicon tubing. Bottles were rinsed, filled, and then overflowed by two volumes making sure not to entrain any air bubbles. Completely full bottles were spiked with saturated mercuric chloride and then had a crimp seal crimped onto the bottle to seal it. O-18 samples were collected in a similar manner but instead of being crimped the 60 ml brown glass bottles had screw caps tighten upon them and then 2 wraps of electrical tape wrapped around each cap seal. A total of 294 pCO2/CH4 samples were collected while a total of 183 O18 samples were collected. Data will be submitted along with all discrete samples on a master sampling sheet to NCEI.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Walker, S. A., K. Azetsu-Scott, C. Normandeau, D. E. Kelley, R. Friedrich, R. Newton, P. Schlosser, J. L. McKay, W. Abdi, E. Kerrigan, S. E. Craig and D. W. R. Wallace (2015) Oxygen isotope measurements of seawater (H218O/ H216O): A comparison of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10067; Researcher name: Kumiko Azetsu-Scott; Researcher institution: DFO- Fisheries and Oceans Canada .
Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument
  • CTD
  • Niskin bottle
Platform
  • NOAA Ship Henry B. Bigelow
Last Modified: 2024-02-12T12:28:15Z
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