Coastal turbidity on the shelf of American Samoa - monitoring turbid water sources and fates by satellite - Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u reefs (ONSP6) (NCEI Accession 0204269)
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title: Coastal turbidity on the shelf of American Samoa - monitoring turbid water sources and fates by satellite - Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u reefs (ONSP6) (NCEI Accession 0204269)
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abstract: Relative turbidity, bathymetry, and environmental correlates (modeled wave height) for insular shelf of American Samoa- from 2002 to 2017 - Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u region of interest (ONSP6). Data are in gridded netCDF binary format - Hierarchical Data Format (version 5), "NETCDF4 CLASSIC_MODEL".
purpose: Turbidity can have a significant impact on coral reef ecosystems, through light limitation, sedimentation, and eutrophication (e.g., Bessell-Browne et al. 2017). Several U.S. reef jurisdictions have made as a priority (e.g., FDEP 2004 Local Action Strategy), to determine the tracks and fates of turbidity in their waters. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Coral Reef Conservation Program (NOAA - CRCP) funded a collaborative project in 2013-2015 (Project #881), to help meet this priority. Potential sources of turbidity described in the literature include natural sediment resuspension due to wind and waves (e.g., Storlazzi and Jaffe 2008), tidal runoff and coastal inlets and oceanic wastewater outfalls (Staley et al. 2017), and other human activities such as dredging (e.g., Wang and Beck 2017). Because of the complexity both of potential sources and of coastal circulation and mixing patterns, in situ monitoring of turbidity and associated sedimentation is challenging (e.g., Whinney et al. 2017). Using satellite remote sensing to monitor coastal turbidity has a variety of potential advantages (e.g., Hu et al. 2012). NOAA CRCP Project #881 was funded to provide managers with historical maps of turbidity, and alerts and maps for near real-time tracking of turbidity plumes, in coastal waters of three CRCP priority jurisdictions: American Samoa (including Faga'alu), CNMI (including Saipan, Rota/Talakhaya, and Tinian), and south Florida (including reefs offshore of projects for port/tunnel expansion and beach refurbishment in three Counties). Academic partners (USF) in collaboration with AOML began back-processing and analyzing remote-sensing data in 2013 to produce maps of "relative turbidity", an indicator of change in available light, for the three target regions. These relative turbidity or "Color Index" (CI) maps are gathered via MODIS ocean color instruments on two polar-orbiting satellites at 250 m spatial resolution. Maps have been produced for analysis from July 2002 to the present, and new maps are made available to management partners in all three jurisdictions in near real-time via public Web site.
credit: Related Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
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keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000)
keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Ofu Island (14S169W0013)
keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Olosega Island (14S169W0014)
keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Ta'u Island (14S169W0012)
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d4db292f-3097-4843-a6c5-291cf993bea9 OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > AMERICAN SAMOA
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fa0ec8a7-ebed-4f2d-834b-1fa6a1c2e0ed OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
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edition: 17
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description: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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otherConstraints: Cite as: Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies; Gramer, Lewis J.; Hu, Chuanmin; Barnes, Brian; Hendee, James C. (2019). Coastal turbidity on the shelf of American Samoa - monitoring turbid water sources and fates by satellite - Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u reefs (ONSP6) (NCEI Accession 0204269). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0204269. Accessed [date].
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useLimitation: Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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otherConstraints: Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
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beginPosition: 2002-07-05
endPosition: 2017-05-27
supplementalInformation: Submission Package ID: 89CBJP
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Anchor: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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fees: In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
orderingInstructions: Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
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linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0204269
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linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/204269
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description: NCEI Accession 0204269 v1.1 was published.
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DateTime: 2019-10-16T23:56:53Z
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name: NCEI Accession 0204269 v1.1
description: published 2019-10-16T23:56:53Z
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
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description: Parameter or Variable: WATER COLOR (calculated); Units: Index; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: MODIS; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Hu C (2017) University of South Florida - Optical Oceanography Lab (OOL), http://optics.marine.usf.edu/; Data Quality Method: See above.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: WAVE HEIGHT - SIGNIFICANT (calculated); Units: m; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: NOAA Wave Watch III Equatorial Pacific 10-arcmin; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Attenuation from 20 to 0 m using NOAA ~35-m horizontal resolution bathymetry (see accompanying data type), using method similar to Hardy et al. (1990).; Data Quality Method: NWIII: Fan YL, Lin S-J, Held IM, Yu ZT, Tolman HL (2012) Global ocean surface wave simulation using a coupled atmosphere-wave model. J. Climate, 25, 6233-6252, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00621.1. AND: Campos RM, Soares CG (2016) Comparison and assessment of three wave hindcasts in the North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Operational Oceanography 9:26-4. Attenuation: Gramer (2013); Gramer and Hendee (2019)..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: BATHYMETRY (calculated); Units: m; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: NGDC DEM 35-m; Sampling and Analyzing Method: American Samoa - Bathymetric Digital Elevation Model (~30 meter resolution) Derived From Source Hydrographic Survey Soundings Collected by NOAA, and from UH/NOAA-CRED: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center; Data Quality Method: See: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/cms/benthic-habitat-mapping/.
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description: Parameter or Variable: Ecoforecast Alert Intensity (calculated); Units: Index; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: EISES Expert System; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Stimulus/Response Index (S/RI), calculated as described in Hendee J, Gramer L, Manzello D, Jankulak M (2009) Ecological forecasting for coral reef ecosystems. In Dodge R, ed., Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, July 7 - 11, 2008, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 534-538.; Data Quality Method: Validation of event dates vs. those derived by other methods, in particular, Barnes BB, Hu CM, Kovach C, Silverstein RN (2015) Sediment plumes induced by the Port of Miami dredging: Analysis and interpretation using Landsat and MODIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment 170:328-339.
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description: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key instrument aboard the Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. Terra's orbit around the Earth is timed so that it passes from north to south across the equator in the morning, while Aqua passes south to north over the equator in the afternoon. Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS are viewing the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands, or groups of wavelengths (see MODIS Technical Specifications). MODIS Technical Specifications Orbit: 705 km, 10:30 a.m. descending node (Terra) or 1:30 p.m. ascending node (Aqua), sun-synchronous, near-polar, circular Scan Rate: 20.3 rpm, cross track Swath Dimensions: 2330 km (cross track) by 10 km (along track at nadir) Telescope: 17.78 cm diam. off-axis, afocal (collimated), with intermediate field stop Size: 1.0 x 1.6 x 1.0 m Weight: 228.7 kg Power: 162.5 W (single orbit average) Data Rate: 10.6 Mbps (peak daytime); 6.1 Mbps (orbital average) Quantization: 12 bits Spatial Resolution: 250 m (bands 1-2); 500 m (bands 3-7); 1000 m (bands 8-36) Design Life: 6 years (From: http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/about/index.html)
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code: Aqua
description: Updated information from ICES for the Name : Aqua Country(s) : UNITED STATES(US) (ISO Country Code) Platform Class : 65 Orbiting satellite Commissioned Date : 2002-05-04 Decommissioned Date : 2016 Notes : 2nd flight unit of the EOS programme. Main mission is demonstration of advanced sensors for operational meteorology. Information Sources: - http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/79 Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-08-0 Instruments: AMSR-E et al NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 2002-022A
instrument: #inst_be88
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description: Updated information from ICES for the platform TERRA from UNITED STATES. Name Terra Country(s) US: UNITED STATES Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite Commissioned Date 1999 Decommissioned Date 2016 Notes - Operational NASA Earth Observing System Satellite. Information Source (URL) - http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/81 Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-08-08. OTHER INFORMATION: Instruments: MODIS et al NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1999-068A
instrument: #inst_be88
