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NCCOS Assessment: Measurement of Turbidity and Nutrients in Three Rivers that Drain to the Achang Reef Flat from Manell Watershed, Guam, from 2016-12-01 to 2018-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0204837)


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            title:  NCCOS Assessment: Measurement of Turbidity and Nutrients in Three Rivers that Drain to the Achang Reef Flat from Manell Watershed, Guam, from 2016-12-01 to 2018-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0204837)
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        abstract:  This dataset contains results from the monitoring of nutrients and turbidity in three rivers in the Manell watershed in southern Guam, which drain to the Achang Reef Flat Marine Preserve. The dataset contains a series of data tables and a data dictionary for the monitoring that occurred between December 2016 and December 2018. The dataset includes tables on nutrient monitoring, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), results from automated monitoring of stream levels, rainfall and turbidity, and a table of water quality measurements.
        purpose:  This project characterized turbidity, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), nutrient dynamics, and water quality in three rivers in the Manell watershed that drain to the Achang Reef Flat Marine Preserve in Cocos Lagoon at the southern tip of Guam, for two years. Sedimentation was identified as a high threat to coral reefs in the Manell-Geus Conservation Action Plan, and nutrients were highlighted in the Manell-Geus Habitat Blueprint. The Manell-Geus watershed is a Habitat Focus Area, and sediments and nutrients are suspected of degrading water quality in the area, particularly in the Achang Preserve. Jurisdictional managers in Guam highlighted the area as being impacted by LBSP, and requested NCCOS’ help in developing a baseline of conditions in the rivers. Monthly collections of water samples were analyzed for nutrients and SSC, and turbidity was measured using two turbidity loggers for unattended monitoring, along with a hand-held turbidity meter. A series of water quality parameters (i.e., conductivity, temperature and dissolved oxygen) were also measured with a hand-held water quality meter. The information generated from this project established a baseline of conditions, and can be used to assess the benefits of the planned restoration of vegetation on the hillsides within the Manell watershed. The results may also provide information on the differences in turbidity and nutrients between the rivers to help better focus restoration efforts, and the information generated can also be compared with similar work that has been conducted in the nearby Geus watershed, by the University of Guam. For more details, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019).
        credit:  Related Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
        credit:  Related Funding Agency: NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
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                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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            keyword:  31084
            keyword:  Measurement of Turbidity and Nutrients in Two Rivers that Drain to the Achang Reef Flat from Manell Watershed, Guam
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                title:  CRCP Project
                date: (inapplicable)
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            keyword:  Numeric Data Sets > Water Quality
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            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Surface Water > Discharge/Flow
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            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Water Quality
            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Water Quality > Contaminants
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            keyword:  Automated turbidity loggers
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            keyword:  NOAA Tide Gauge Station, Pago Bay, Guam
            keyword:  Technicon II nutrient analyzer
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            keyword:  COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Guam > Achang (13N144E0064)
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            keyword:  OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Guam > Achang (13N144E0064)
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            keyword:  NCCOS Research Location > Region > Pacific Ocean
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            keyword:  Achang Reef Flat Marine Preserve
            keyword:  Ajayan River
            keyword:  Cocos Lagoon, Guam
            keyword:  Liyog River
            keyword:  Sumay River
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                title:  Hartwell, S. I., Apeti, D. A., Pait, A. S., Mason, A. L., & Robinson, C. (2 C.E.). An analysis of chemical contaminants in sediments and fish from Cocos Lagoon, Guam. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/tm-nos-nccos-235
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                title:  The measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological process by means of the Technicon Autoanalyzer® and associated equipment
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                            description:  Armstrong, F. A. J., C. R. Stearns and J. D. H. Strickland. 1967. The measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer and associated equipment. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts 14(3): 381-389.
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                title:  The continuous determination of low level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the Autoanalyzer
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                    date:  1967
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                otherCitationDetails:  Bernhardt, H. and A. Wilhelms. 1967. The continuous determination of low level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the Autoanalyzer. Technicon Symposium.
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                title:  Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K., & Ehrhardt, M. (Eds.). (1999). Methods of Seawater Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527613984
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                    date:  1999-01-27
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                            description:  Hansen, H.P. and F. Koroleff. 1999. Determination of nutrients. In: Grasshoff, K., K. Kremling, M. Ehrhardt (eds.). Methods of Seawater Analysis, 3rd ed. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, ISBN:3-527-29589-5, pp. 159-228.
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                title:  Pait, Anthony S.; Whitman, William M.C.; Hartwell, S. Ian; Whitall, David R.; Apeti, Dennis A. Measurement of Turbidity, Suspended Sediments and Nutrients in Three Rivers that Drain to the Achang Preserve from the Manell Watershed, Guam; Manell Watershed Report. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS; 268. 2019. https://doi.org/10.25923/v587-3f08
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        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Nutrient Concentrations (measured); Units: micromoles/liter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Technicon® II nutrient analyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Water samples collected from rivers into 125ml HDPE bottles by hand. Samples were sent to a NOAA contract laboratory and then analyzed using standard protocols. Data includes concentrations in both micromoles/liter and milligrams/liter of nitrate, orthophosphate, silicate, ammonium, nitrite, urea, nitrate + nitrite, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: NCCOS reviewed and then performed a QA/QC check on the data received from the analytical laboratory. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019)..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) (measured); Units: milligrams/liter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: manual collection of water samples; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Water samples collected in the field were brought back to the laboratory and filtered through pre-weighed filter pads. The filters were then dried, and the amount of sediment remaining on the pads was then reported as mg/L SSC. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: Duplicate samples were collected and processed and then compared, and all results underwent a QA/QC review. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019)..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Stream Level Height (measured); Units: feet; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: HoboWare® U20 water level data loggers; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The stream level loggers were HoboWare® U20 water level data loggers with a range of 0 to 30 ft and an accuracy of 0.015 ft. These loggers use pressure (in psi) to determine the height of the water column above. The level loggers were suspended in the bottom of PVC housings secured to the bridges at Ajayan River and Liyog rivers. In addition, one pressure logger was placed at a secure location outside of the water to monitor changes in atmospheric pressure. Stream level was calculated by subtracting the atmospheric pressure from the streambed pressure readings collected every 15 minutes. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: Periodically the data loggers were briefly taken out of service for calibration and maintenance. Calibration and maintenance were completed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The stream level loggers were factory calibrated. All the data logging instruments required periodic cleaning and the time and date were calibrated on a regular basis. All results were reviewed for QA/QC. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019)..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Rainfall (measured); Units: inches; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: HoboWare® rain gauge Model 8482; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Rain data for the Manell Watershed was collected using a HoboWare® rain gauge installed along the eastern mountain ridge of the watershed, an area known as Ija. The rain gauge used two tipping buckets that collect water as it falls, recording each time the tipping buckets are activated representing a specific quantity of rainfall (0.01 in. per tip). For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: Periodically the rain gauge was briefly taken out of service for calibration and maintenance. Calibration and maintenance were completed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. All results were reviewed for QA/QC. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019)..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Turbidity (measured); Units: NTU (nephelometric turbidity units); Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Automated turbidity loggers; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Automated turbidity loggers were deployed in two rivers draining the Manell watershed in Guam. Measurements of turbidity were made every 15 minutes. Turbidity was determined using an optical sensor in the turbidity logger sonde. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: Results were periodically checked using a Hach hand held turbidity meter, and all results were reviewed for QA/QC. Calibration and maintenance of the automated turbidity loggers were completed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The turbidity logger was calibrated monthly or as needed. The instrument required periodic cleaning and the time and date were calibrated on a regular basis. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019)..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Tide Level (measured); Units: feet; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NOAA Tide Gauge Station, Pago Bay, Guam; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Tide level was taken from the NOAA tide station in Pago Bay, see https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/waterlevels.html?id=1631428; Data Quality Method: See https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/waterlevels.html?id=1631428 for information on QA/QC of the tide data..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Temperature (measured); Units: degrees Celsius; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: YSI Pro Plus water quality meter; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The YSI probe was submerged and the values were allowed to equilibrate before readings were recorded. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: Temperature readings from the YSI were periodically checked against a hand-held thermometer. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019)..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Oxygen (measured); Units: milligrams/liter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: YSI Pro Plus water quality meter; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The YSI probe was submerged and the values were allowed to equilibrate before readings were recorded. Data are reported as concentration in milligrams/liter and as a percent of saturation in the water. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: The YSI was periodically calibrated for dissolved oxygen. QA/QC review of the data was also carried out. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019)..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Conductivity (measured); Units: microSiemens; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: YSI Pro Plus water quality meter; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The YSI probe was submerged and the values were allowed to equilibrate before readings were recorded. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: The YSI was periodically calibrated for conductivity. QA/QC review of the data was also carried out. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019)..
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Salinity (calculated); Units: ppt; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: YSI Pro Plus water quality meter; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The YSI probe was submerged and the values were allowed to equilibrate before readings were recorded. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: The YSI was periodically calibrated for conductivity using YSI conductivity standards. All results were reviewed for QA/QC. For detailed methodology, see Hartwell et al. (2017) and Pait et al. (2019)..
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            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  laboratory analysis
            type:  laboratory analysis
            description:  use as an observation type
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  multi-parameter water quality sensor
            type:  multi-parameter water quality sensor
            description:  used to measure temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and other parameters Instrument used to measure temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and other parameters, often used to measure water quality parameters. Can be a hand-held instrument or a sonde for unattended monitoring. Often used in coastal water monitoring stations. YSI is the preeminent brand (as of 2024).
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                code:  nutrient autoanalyzer
            type:  nutrient autoanalyzer
            description:  Laboratory Instrument Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term describing an automated flow-thru system used to conduct analyses of several different nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) simultaneously from a seawater sample. For example: SEAL AutoAnalyzer 3 HR Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  rain gauge
            type:  rain gauge
            description:  A device to measure the amount of liquid precipitation The definition of liquid precipitation is any form of water falling from the sky as rain. Rain gauge measures the amount of liquid precipitation.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  turbidity sensor
            type:  turbidity sensor
            description:  Measures the turbidity of water Turbidity sensors measure the amount of light that is scattered by suspended solids in a liquid, such as water. When the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in a liquid increase, the turbidity also increases.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  water level recorder
            type:  water level recorder
            description:  A seabed mounted unit calculating water level by means of precise measurements of hydrostatic pressure.