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NCCOS Assessment: Water Quality Data to Assess Eutrophication Effects on Coral Ecosystem Health in Vatia Bay, American Samoa from 2015-05-13 to 2018-08-28 (NCEI Accession 0208020)

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This dataset represents three years of water quality data collected in Vatia Bay, American Samoa. A standard suite of nutrient parameters (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, urea, total nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphorus and silica), as well as tracers of human waste (sucralose and caffeine) were quantified at sixteen randomly selected sites (surface and bottom samples) monthly from 2015 to 2017. In 2018, sampling efforts focused on capturing precipitation events, so the sampling was conducted at less regular intervals.

Dataset Citation

Cite as: Whitall, Dave; Mason, Andrew; Meagan, Curtis (2019). NCCOS Assessment: Water Quality Data to Assess Eutrophication Effects on Coral Ecosystem Health in Vatia Bay, American Samoa from 2015-05-13 to 2018-08-28 (NCEI Accession 0208020). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/w2p3-de30. Accessed [date].

Dataset Identifiers

ISO 19115-2 Metadata

gov.noaa.nodc:0208020

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Distributor	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov

Time Period	2015-05-13 to 2018-08-28
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates	West: -170.6754 East: -170.66831 South: -14.25067 North: -14.244537
Spatial Coverage Map

General Documentation

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Descriptive Information
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Associated Resources

Whitall, David; Curtis, Meagan; Mason, Andrew; Vargas-Angel, Bernardo. Excess Nutrients in Vatia Bay, American Samoa: Spatiotemporal Variability, Source Identification and Impact on Coral Reef Ecosystems. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 266. 2019. https://doi.org/10.25923/j8cp-x570
- https://doi.org/10.25923/j8cp-x570
  NOAA Central Library: Technical Memorandum
Nutrient Dynamics and Changes to Benthic Communities in Vatia, American Samoa
- https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/project/nutrient-dynamics-changes-benthic-communities-vatia-american-samoa/
  National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) project page
Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2017). Benthic Surveys in Vatia, American Samoa: comprehensive assessment of coral demography (adult and juvenile corals) from belt transect surveys between 2015-11-02 and 2015-11-12 (NCEI Accession 0165016). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0165016.
- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0165016
  Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. 2017. Benthic Surveys in Vatia, American Samoa: comprehensive assessment of coral demography (adult and juvenile corals) from belt transect surveys between 2015-11-02 and 2015-11-12 (NCEI Accession 0165016). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0165016
Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2016). Benthic Surveys in Vatia, American Samoa: benthic images collected during belt transect surveys from 2015-11-2 to 2015-11-12 (NCEI Accession 0146680). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0146680.
- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0146680
  Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. 2016. Benthic Surveys in Vatia, American Samoa: benthic images collected during belt transect surveys from 2015-11-2 to 2015-11-12 (NCEI Accession 0146680). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0146680
Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2018). Benthic cover derived from photo transects in Vatia, American Samoa from 2015-11-02 to 2015-11-12 (NCEI Accession 0169726). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0169726.
- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0169726
  Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. 2018. Benthic cover derived from photo transects in Vatia, American Samoa from 2015-11-02 to 2015-11-12 (NCEI Accession 0169726). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0169726

Publication Dates	publication: 2019-12-10
Data Presentation Form	Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status	Complete - production of the data has been completed Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency	As needed
Supplemental Information	Submission Package ID: 65H1GW
Purpose	American Samoa’s reefs are considered to be among the most pristine in the United States. These reefs host approximately 950 species of fish, 240 species of algae, 330 species of coral and many other species of invertebrates. Vatia Bay is located on the north shore of the island of Tutuila, the largest and most populous island of the U.S. territory of American Samoa. The Bay has been designated as a priority area by the American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group. There have been local concerns about the impacts of land based sources of pollution and water quality on the coral reef ecosystems of Vatia Bay, due to the prevalence of benthic algae. Excess nutrient loads can affect coral health both directly (e.g., lowering fertilization and calcification rates) and indirectly (increasing benthic algal growth which can outcompete corals for space). Nutrients can come from a variety of sources, but the two likely largest sources for this system as human waste and piggeries. The objectives of this study where to: quantify the magnitude and spatiotemporal variability of surface water nutrients in the Bay; establish a baseline of nutrient conditions against which to measure changes in the future; link observed concentrations of nutrients to hydrologic forcing factors and possible nutrient sources; and use human dietary chemical indicators to evaluate if human waste is reaching Vatia Bay. Environmental data, such as the dataset presented here, serve as a baseline of current conditions, which are needed determine the efficacy of management efforts, i.e., measuring change over time. The data presented here can be utilized by coastal managers to best prioritize management strategies in a way to maximize success in decreasing stressors on coral reef ecosystems. Partners included: American Samoa’s Coral Reef Advisory Group, American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency (ASEPA), National Park Service (NPS) and American Samoa Community College.
Use Limitations	accessLevel: Public Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.

Dataset Citation	Cite as: Whitall, Dave; Mason, Andrew; Meagan, Curtis (2019). NCCOS Assessment: Water Quality Data to Assess Eutrophication Effects on Coral Ecosystem Health in Vatia Bay, American Samoa from 2015-05-13 to 2018-08-28 (NCEI Accession 0208020). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/w2p3-de30. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors	Whitall, Dave NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Mason, Andrew NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Meagan, Curtis American Samoa Community College
Principal Investigators	Dave Whitall US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) Andrew Mason US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
Collaborators	Meagan Curtis American Samoa Community College Motusaga Vaeoso American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group Kim McGuire American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group Trevor Kaituu American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group Alice Lawrence American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group Mareike Sudek American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group Sabrina Woofter American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group Jeremy Raynal American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group Fa'salafa Kitiona American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group Kelley Tagarino American Samoa Community College Francis Leiato American Samoa Community College Mia Comeros-Raynall American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency Hideyo Hattori US DOC; NOAA; NOS; Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) Greg Piniak US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
Contributors	US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) US DOC; NOAA; NOS; Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP)
Resource Providers	US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
Points of Contact	Dave Whitall US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) NCCOS Data Manager US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
Publishers	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Acknowledgments	Related Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program Related Funding Agency: NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science

Theme keywords	NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS AMMONIUM (NH4) NITRATE NITRITE NUTRIENTS silica Total nitrogen TOTAL PHOSPHORUS UREA NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS laboratory analyses WMO_CategoryCode oceanography CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Numeric Data Sets > Water Quality CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Chemistry Monitoring and Assessment Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > AMMONIA EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRITE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITROGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NUTRIENTS NCCOS Research Keywords NCCOS Research Data Type > Field Observation NCCOS Research Priority > Stressor Impacts and Mitigation NCCOS Research Topic > Biological Effects of Contaminants and Nutrients
Data Center keywords	NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NOS; Coral Reef Conservation Program US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords DOC/NOAA/NOS/NCCOS > National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
Instrument keywords	NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS Niskin bottle Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords NISKIN BOTTLES
Place keywords	NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS South Pacific Ocean CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Vatia Bay (14S170W0028) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila Island > Vatia Bay (14S170W0028) Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN NCCOS Research Location NCCOS Research Location > Region > Pacific Ocean NCCOS Research Location > U.S. States and Territories > American Samoa Provider Place Names American Samoa Coastal Ocean Tutuila Vatia Bay
Project keywords	NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) CORAL REEF STUDIES CRCP Project 31090 Eutrophication Impacts on Coral Ecosystem Health in Vatia, American Samoa
Keywords	NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 0208020

Use Constraints	Cite as: Whitall, Dave; Mason, Andrew; Meagan, Curtis (2019). NCCOS Assessment: Water Quality Data to Assess Eutrophication Effects on Coral Ecosystem Health in Vatia Bay, American Samoa from 2015-05-13 to 2018-08-28 (NCEI Accession 0208020). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/w2p3-de30. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints	Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees	In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.

Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps	2019-12-10T21:28:11Z - NCEI Accession 0208020 v1.1 was published.
Output Datasets	NCEI Accession 0208020 v1.1 NCEI Accession 0208020 v1.1 (download) published 2019-12-10T21:28:11Z

Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps	Parameter or Variable: NUTRIENTS (measured); Units: mg/L; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle; Sampling and Analyzing Method: • Nitrate and nitrite analyses were based on the methodology of Armstrong et al. (1967). • Ammonium analysis was based on the method of Harwood and Kuhn (1970) using dichloro-isocyanurate as the oxidizer. • Urea was measured using diacetyl-monoximine and themicarbozide with colorimetric analysis. • The total concentration of nitrogen was determined after an initial decomposition step. This method involves persulfate oxidation while heating the sample in an autoclave (115°C, 20 minutes) (Hansen and Koroleff, 1999). After oxidation of the samples, nitrogen determination was conducted on the Astoria Pacific analyzer for nitrate. • The total concentration of phosphorus were determined after an initial decomposition step. This method involves persulfate oxidation while heating the sample in an autoclave (115°C, 20 minutes) (Hansen and Koroleff 1999). After oxidation of the samples, phosphorus determination was conducted on the Astoria Pacific analyzer for orthophosphate. • Silicate determination was accomplished using the methods of Armstrong et al. (1967) using stannous chloride. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: All laboratory data contained blanks, spikes and percent recoveries. Data were QA/QC’d using National Status and Trends protocols. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019).. Parameter or Variable: Caffeine (measured); Units: ng/L; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Caffeine was quantified at Florida International University (sub-contract to TDI Brooks) using previously published methods (Wang 2012). The caffeine procedure is based on the combined performance of an Equan MAX Plus online Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) preconcentration system coupled to a high pressure liquid chromatography (LC) system equipped with resolution mass spectrometry detection using a QExactive orbitrap-based mass spectrometer (SPE-LC-HRMS). The analytical separation was carried out using a Hypersil Gold aQ column (100×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) while the SPE pre-concentration column was a Hypersil Gold aQ (0.5×50 mm; Thermo Scientific, West Palm Beach, FL, USA). The automated online SPE clean-up and pre-concentration step was performed using only 10 mL of filtered water samples. The online procedure consists of a divertion valve on the mass spectrometer which is programmed by the data system to control the loading and elution of the two LC columns. In the load position, 10 mL of sample was injected into a 10-mL loop and then loaded onto a SPE column by the loading LC pump, followed by a wash step with 98:2 0.1% formic acid: acetonitrile to remove interferences (flow rate 2 mL/min). The target compounds were retained in the SPE column and the matrix that is not retained during the extraction process was directed to waste while simultaneously the analytical pump equilibrated the analytical column in the starting gradient conditions. After 5 min, when the valve was switched to inject position, the solvent flow through the SPE column was reversed, and the analytes were then backflushed with a gradient of acetronitrile and 0.1% formic acid onto a Hypersil Gold aQ column for separation and quantitation by heated electrospray ionization source (HESI)-MS/MS. After 7 min, the switching valve was returned to the loading position to allow the extraction column to be re-equilibrated with water. The samples were kept at 10 °C in the autosampler. The total run time per sample was 13 min. The analyte was detected on a Q-Exactive Mass spectrometer equipped with an HESI source operated in the positive mode. The capillary temperature was 350 °C with a discharge current of 4 kV and S-lens RF level of 80 %. Sheath gas and auxiliary gas (N2) were used at a flow rate of 30 and 20 arbitrary units, respectively. The analysis was performed in Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) (with an inclusion list of the exact mass of the target compounds) at a resolution of 35,000. Quantitation is performed by the internal standard approach (concentrations are calculated based on area ratio between the analyte and labeled internal standard) to correct for matrix effects and any losses in the online extraction step. The monitoring ions for caffeine were 195.0877 and 138.0662 and for the labelled caffeine (13C3 caffeine) was 198.0977. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: All laboratory data contained blanks, spikes and percent recoveries. Data were QA/QC’d using National Status and Trends protocols. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019).. Parameter or Variable: Sucralose (measured); Units: ng/L; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sucralose was quantified at Florida International University (sub-contract to TDI Brooks) using previously published methods (Batchu et al. 2015). The methodology for sucralose quantification is based on automated online solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-resolving-power orbitrap mass spectrometer (MS) detection. Operating in full scan (no collision-induced dissociation), detection of the unique isotopic pattern (100:96:31 for [M-H](-), [M-H+2](-), and [M-H+4](-), respectively) was used for ultra-trace quantitation and analyte identification. The method offers fast analysis (14 min per run) and low sample consumption (10 mL per sample) with method detection limits (MDLs) and method confirmation limits (MCLs) of 1.4 and 5.7 ng/L in seawater, respectively. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: All laboratory data contained blanks, spikes and percent recoveries. Data were QA/QC’d using National Status and Trends protocols. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019)..

Lineage information for: dataset

Processing Steps

Parameter or Variable: NUTRIENTS (measured); Units: mg/L; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle; Sampling and Analyzing Method: • Nitrate and nitrite analyses were based on the methodology of Armstrong et al. (1967). • Ammonium analysis was based on the method of Harwood and Kuhn (1970) using dichloro-isocyanurate as the oxidizer. • Urea was measured using diacetyl-monoximine and themicarbozide with colorimetric analysis. • The total concentration of nitrogen was determined after an initial decomposition step. This method involves persulfate oxidation while heating the sample in an autoclave (115°C, 20 minutes) (Hansen and Koroleff, 1999). After oxidation of the samples, nitrogen determination was conducted on the Astoria Pacific analyzer for nitrate. • The total concentration of phosphorus were determined after an initial decomposition step. This method involves persulfate oxidation while heating the sample in an autoclave (115°C, 20 minutes) (Hansen and Koroleff 1999). After oxidation of the samples, phosphorus determination was conducted on the Astoria Pacific analyzer for orthophosphate. • Silicate determination was accomplished using the methods of Armstrong et al. (1967) using stannous chloride. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: All laboratory data contained blanks, spikes and percent recoveries. Data were QA/QC’d using National Status and Trends protocols. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019)..
Parameter or Variable: Caffeine (measured); Units: ng/L; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Caffeine was quantified at Florida International University (sub-contract to TDI Brooks) using previously published methods (Wang 2012). The caffeine procedure is based on the combined performance of an Equan MAX Plus online Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) preconcentration system coupled to a high pressure liquid chromatography (LC) system equipped with resolution mass spectrometry detection using a QExactive orbitrap-based mass spectrometer (SPE-LC-HRMS). The analytical separation was carried out using a Hypersil Gold aQ column (100×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) while the SPE pre-concentration column was a Hypersil Gold aQ (0.5×50 mm; Thermo Scientific, West Palm Beach, FL, USA). The automated online SPE clean-up and pre-concentration step was performed using only 10 mL of filtered water samples. The online procedure consists of a divertion valve on the mass spectrometer which is programmed by the data system to control the loading and elution of the two LC columns. In the load position, 10 mL of sample was injected into a 10-mL loop and then loaded onto a SPE column by the loading LC pump, followed by a wash step with 98:2 0.1% formic acid: acetonitrile to remove interferences (flow rate 2 mL/min). The target compounds were retained in the SPE column and the matrix that is not retained during the extraction process was directed to waste while simultaneously the analytical pump equilibrated the analytical column in the starting gradient conditions. After 5 min, when the valve was switched to inject position, the solvent flow through the SPE column was reversed, and the analytes were then backflushed with a gradient of acetronitrile and 0.1% formic acid onto a Hypersil Gold aQ column for separation and quantitation by heated electrospray ionization source (HESI)-MS/MS. After 7 min, the switching valve was returned to the loading position to allow the extraction column to be re-equilibrated with water. The samples were kept at 10 °C in the autosampler. The total run time per sample was 13 min. The analyte was detected on a Q-Exactive Mass spectrometer equipped with an HESI source operated in the positive mode. The capillary temperature was 350 °C with a discharge current of 4 kV and S-lens RF level of 80 %. Sheath gas and auxiliary gas (N2) were used at a flow rate of 30 and 20 arbitrary units, respectively. The analysis was performed in Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) (with an inclusion list of the exact mass of the target compounds) at a resolution of 35,000. Quantitation is performed by the internal standard approach (concentrations are calculated based on area ratio between the analyte and labeled internal standard) to correct for matrix effects and any losses in the online extraction step. The monitoring ions for caffeine were 195.0877 and 138.0662 and for the labelled caffeine (13C3 caffeine) was 198.0977. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: All laboratory data contained blanks, spikes and percent recoveries. Data were QA/QC’d using National Status and Trends protocols. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019)..
Parameter or Variable: Sucralose (measured); Units: ng/L; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sucralose was quantified at Florida International University (sub-contract to TDI Brooks) using previously published methods (Batchu et al. 2015). The methodology for sucralose quantification is based on automated online solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-resolving-power orbitrap mass spectrometer (MS) detection. Operating in full scan (no collision-induced dissociation), detection of the unique isotopic pattern (100:96:31 for [M-H](-), [M-H+2](-), and [M-H+4](-), respectively) was used for ultra-trace quantitation and analyte identification. The method offers fast analysis (14 min per run) and low sample consumption (10 mL per sample) with method detection limits (MDLs) and method confirmation limits (MCLs) of 1.4 and 5.7 ng/L in seawater, respectively. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: All laboratory data contained blanks, spikes and percent recoveries. Data were QA/QC’d using National Status and Trends protocols. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019)..

Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument	Niskin bottle

Last Modified: 2024-04-10T23:32:35Z
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NCCOS Assessment: Water Quality Data to Assess Eutrophication Effects on Coral Ecosystem Health in Vatia Bay, American Samoa from 2015-05-13 to 2018-08-28 (NCEI Accession 0208020)

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