NCCOS Assessment: Water Quality Data to Assess Eutrophication Effects on Coral Ecosystem Health in Vatia Bay, American Samoa from 2015-05-13 to 2018-08-28 (NCEI Accession 0208020)
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title: NCCOS Assessment: Water Quality Data to Assess Eutrophication Effects on Coral Ecosystem Health in Vatia Bay, American Samoa from 2015-05-13 to 2018-08-28 (NCEI Accession 0208020)
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abstract: This dataset represents three years of water quality data collected in Vatia Bay, American Samoa. A standard suite of nutrient parameters (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, urea, total nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphorus and silica), as well as tracers of human waste (sucralose and caffeine) were quantified at sixteen randomly selected sites (surface and bottom samples) monthly from 2015 to 2017. In 2018, sampling efforts focused on capturing precipitation events, so the sampling was conducted at less regular intervals.
purpose: American Samoa’s reefs are considered to be among the most pristine in the United States. These reefs host approximately 950 species of fish, 240 species of algae, 330 species of coral and many other species of invertebrates. Vatia Bay is located on the north shore of the island of Tutuila, the largest and most populous island of the U.S. territory of American Samoa. The Bay has been designated as a priority area by the American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group. There have been local concerns about the impacts of land based sources of pollution and water quality on the coral reef ecosystems of Vatia Bay, due to the prevalence of benthic algae. Excess nutrient loads can affect coral health both directly (e.g., lowering fertilization and calcification rates) and indirectly (increasing benthic algal growth which can outcompete corals for space). Nutrients can come from a variety of sources, but the two likely largest sources for this system as human waste and piggeries. The objectives of this study where to: quantify the magnitude and spatiotemporal variability of surface water nutrients in the Bay; establish a baseline of nutrient conditions against which to measure changes in the future; link observed concentrations of nutrients to hydrologic forcing factors and possible nutrient sources; and use human dietary chemical indicators to evaluate if human waste is reaching Vatia Bay. Environmental data, such as the dataset presented here, serve as a baseline of current conditions, which are needed determine the efficacy of management efforts, i.e., measuring change over time. The data presented here can be utilized by coastal managers to best prioritize management strategies in a way to maximize success in decreasing stressors on coral reef ecosystems. Partners included: American Samoa’s Coral Reef Advisory Group, American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency (ASEPA), National Park Service (NPS) and American Samoa Community College.
credit: Related Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
credit: Related Funding Agency: NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
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title: Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2017). Benthic Surveys in Vatia, American Samoa: comprehensive assessment of coral demography (adult and juvenile corals) from belt transect surveys between 2015-11-02 and 2015-11-12 (NCEI Accession 0165016). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0165016.
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title: Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2016). Benthic Surveys in Vatia, American Samoa: benthic images collected during belt transect surveys from 2015-11-2 to 2015-11-12 (NCEI Accession 0146680). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0146680.
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beginPosition: 2015-05-13
endPosition: 2018-08-28
supplementalInformation: Submission Package ID: 65H1GW
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orderingInstructions: Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
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description: Parameter or Variable: NUTRIENTS (measured); Units: mg/L; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle; Sampling and Analyzing Method: • Nitrate and nitrite analyses were based on the methodology of Armstrong et al. (1967). • Ammonium analysis was based on the method of Harwood and Kuhn (1970) using dichloro-isocyanurate as the oxidizer. • Urea was measured using diacetyl-monoximine and themicarbozide with colorimetric analysis. • The total concentration of nitrogen was determined after an initial decomposition step. This method involves persulfate oxidation while heating the sample in an autoclave (115°C, 20 minutes) (Hansen and Koroleff, 1999). After oxidation of the samples, nitrogen determination was conducted on the Astoria Pacific analyzer for nitrate. • The total concentration of phosphorus were determined after an initial decomposition step. This method involves persulfate oxidation while heating the sample in an autoclave (115°C, 20 minutes) (Hansen and Koroleff 1999). After oxidation of the samples, phosphorus determination was conducted on the Astoria Pacific analyzer for orthophosphate. • Silicate determination was accomplished using the methods of Armstrong et al. (1967) using stannous chloride. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: All laboratory data contained blanks, spikes and percent recoveries. Data were QA/QC’d using National Status and Trends protocols. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019)..
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description: Parameter or Variable: Caffeine (measured); Units: ng/L; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Caffeine was quantified at Florida International University (sub-contract to TDI Brooks) using previously published methods (Wang 2012). The caffeine procedure is based on the combined performance of an Equan MAX Plus online Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) preconcentration system coupled to a high pressure liquid chromatography (LC) system equipped with resolution mass spectrometry detection using a QExactive orbitrap-based mass spectrometer (SPE-LC-HRMS). The analytical separation was carried out using a Hypersil Gold aQ column (100×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) while the SPE pre-concentration column was a Hypersil Gold aQ (0.5×50 mm; Thermo Scientific, West Palm Beach, FL, USA). The automated online SPE clean-up and pre-concentration step was performed using only 10 mL of filtered water samples. The online procedure consists of a divertion valve on the mass spectrometer which is programmed by the data system to control the loading and elution of the two LC columns. In the load position, 10 mL of sample was injected into a 10-mL loop and then loaded onto a SPE column by the loading LC pump, followed by a wash step with 98:2 0.1% formic acid: acetonitrile to remove interferences (flow rate 2 mL/min). The target compounds were retained in the SPE column and the matrix that is not retained during the extraction process was directed to waste while simultaneously the analytical pump equilibrated the analytical column in the starting gradient conditions. After 5 min, when the valve was switched to inject position, the solvent flow through the SPE column was reversed, and the analytes were then backflushed with a gradient of acetronitrile and 0.1% formic acid onto a Hypersil Gold aQ column for separation and quantitation by heated electrospray ionization source (HESI)-MS/MS. After 7 min, the switching valve was returned to the loading position to allow the extraction column to be re-equilibrated with water. The samples were kept at 10 °C in the autosampler. The total run time per sample was 13 min. The analyte was detected on a Q-Exactive Mass spectrometer equipped with an HESI source operated in the positive mode. The capillary temperature was 350 °C with a discharge current of 4 kV and S-lens RF level of 80 %. Sheath gas and auxiliary gas (N2) were used at a flow rate of 30 and 20 arbitrary units, respectively. The analysis was performed in Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) (with an inclusion list of the exact mass of the target compounds) at a resolution of 35,000. Quantitation is performed by the internal standard approach (concentrations are calculated based on area ratio between the analyte and labeled internal standard) to correct for matrix effects and any losses in the online extraction step. The monitoring ions for caffeine were 195.0877 and 138.0662 and for the labelled caffeine (13C3 caffeine) was 198.0977. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: All laboratory data contained blanks, spikes and percent recoveries. Data were QA/QC’d using National Status and Trends protocols. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019)..
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description: Parameter or Variable: Sucralose (measured); Units: ng/L; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sucralose was quantified at Florida International University (sub-contract to TDI Brooks) using previously published methods (Batchu et al. 2015). The methodology for sucralose quantification is based on automated online solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-resolving-power orbitrap mass spectrometer (MS) detection. Operating in full scan (no collision-induced dissociation), detection of the unique isotopic pattern (100:96:31 for [M-H](-), [M-H+2](-), and [M-H+4](-), respectively) was used for ultra-trace quantitation and analyte identification. The method offers fast analysis (14 min per run) and low sample consumption (10 mL per sample) with method detection limits (MDLs) and method confirmation limits (MCLs) of 1.4 and 5.7 ng/L in seawater, respectively. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019).; Data Quality Method: All laboratory data contained blanks, spikes and percent recoveries. Data were QA/QC’d using National Status and Trends protocols. For a complete description of the process and analyses see Whitall et al. (2019)..
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contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Niskin bottle
type: Niskin bottle
description: Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle?
