Patterns of parrotfish predation on Orbicella annularis and coral tissue regeneration from bite scars on the Caribbean islands of St. Croix and Bonaire from 2018-07-02 to 2019-08-24 (NCEI Accession 0213589)
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title: Patterns of parrotfish predation on Orbicella annularis and coral tissue regeneration from bite scars on the Caribbean islands of St. Croix and Bonaire from 2018-07-02 to 2019-08-24 (NCEI Accession 0213589)
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abstract: To determine the patterns and thresholds of tissue regeneration in Orbicella annularis coral colonies from parrotfish predation, we monitored tissue regeneration of fresh parrotfish bite scars on O. annularis colonies over time across two Caribbean islands, St. Croix and Bonaire. We monitored colonies on St. Croix from June to July 2018 for up to 28 days on Bonaire from June to August 2019 for up to 64 days. This file includes the four datasets used in our study entitled 'Impacts of parrotfish predation on a major reef-building coral: quantifying healing rates and thresholds of coral recovery' (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01977-9). For a detailed description of methods, please refer to this publication. Dataset overview: 1) 'A1_data_overview.csv', a file that describes each variable within each of the subsequent datasets. 2) OANN_scar_healing_after_up_to_28_days.csv, the total observed tissue regeneration of parrotfish bite scars on Orbicella annularis colonies on St. Croix and Bonaire between the initial monitoring date and after 21-28 days of monitoring. 3) OANN_scar_healing_after_up_to_64_days.csv, the total observed tissue regeneration of parrotfish bite scars on Orbicella annularis colonies on Bonaire between the initial monitoring data and after 55-64 days of monitoring. 4) OANN_scar_healing_time_series.csv, time series observations of tissue regeneration of parrotfish bite scars on Orbicella annularis colonies on St. Croix and Bonaire between each 2-7 day monitoring interval over the course of the study. There are multiple, successive observations of tissue regeneration for each scars on each monitoring day. 5) OANN_scar_standing_stock.csv, the distribution of haphazardly surveyed parrotfish predation scars on St. Croix and Bonaire at a point in time observed within 30m x 1m belt transects conducted across a range of depths up to 18m. This dataset includes the total abundance of scars per colony, the number of fresh bite scars, and the estimated minimum, median, and maximum observed scar per colony and colony size measurements for all Orbicella annularis colonies with parrotfish predation scars present within transects. Methods overview: We conducted this at four sites on St. Croix from June to July of 2018 and four sites on Bonaire from June to August of 2019. At each site, we opportunistically tagged O. annularis colonies with recent parrotfish bite scars. For each colony, we recorded the colony surface area, depth in the water column, and the abundance of recent parrotfish bite scars. For each scar on the colony, we took a close up photograph of the scar with a size reference. We returned to photograph scars every 2 to 7 days, with more frequent monitoring at the start of the study. On St. Croix, we monitored scars for 21- 28 days or until the scars fully healed (i.e., a soft tissue layer had completely enclosed the scar area). Research on tissue regeneration in O. annularis suggests that the majority of scar tissue regeneration occurs within the first few weeks after scars are inflicted, though scars may continue to heal for up to almost two months (Meesters et al. 1994, 1997). Therefore, on Bonaire, we monitored scars for 55- 64 days or until scars fully healed. We used Image J 1.46r to trace and measure the surface area of each scar on a given monitoring day and used these measurements to calculate change in scar area over time. References: Meesters EH, Noordeloos M, Bak RPM (1994) Damage and regeneration: Links to growth in the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 112:119-128 Meesters EH, Pauchli W, Bak RPM (1997) Predicting regeneration of physical damage on a reef-building coral by regeneration capacity and lesion shape. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 146:91-99
purpose: We collected these data to compare patterns in Orbicella annularis tissue regeneration from fresh parrotfish predation scars based on the initial scar surface area, island, and other variables.
credit: Related Funding Agency: Harvard Travellers Club Permanent Fund
credit: Related Funding Agency: Dr. Earl H. Myers & Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic & Marine Biology Trust
credit: Related Funding Agency: California Polytechnic State University Bill & Melinda Frost Fund
credit: Related Funding Agency: American Museum of Natural History Lerner-Gray Memorial Fund
credit: Related Funding Agency: California State University Council on Ocean Affairs, Science & Technology (CSU COAST)
credit: Related Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
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title: Rempel, H.S., Bodwin, K.N. & Ruttenberg, B.I. Impacts of parrotfish predation on a major reef-building coral: quantifying healing rates and thresholds of coral recovery. Coral Reefs 39, 1441–1452 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01977-9
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title: Meesters EH, Noordeloos M, Bak RPM (1994) Damage and regeneration: Links to growth in the reef-building coral Montastrea annularis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 112:119-128. https://doi.org/10.3354/Meps112119
date: (CI_Date)
date: 1994
dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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title: International DOI Foundation (IDF)
date: (inapplicable)
code: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps112119
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positionName: (unknown)
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://doi.org/10.3354/Meps112119
protocol: HTTPS
name: https://doi.org/10.3354/Meps112119
description: journal article
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citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: Meesters EH
role: (CI_RoleCode) author
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: Noordeloos M
role: (CI_RoleCode) author
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: Bak RPM
role: (CI_RoleCode) author
presentationForm: (CI_PresentationFormCode) documentDigital
series: (CI_Series)
name: Mar Ecol Prog Ser
issueIdentification: 112
otherCitationDetails: 119-128
associationType: (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
initiativeType: (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) sciencePaper
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title: Meesters EH, Pauchli W, Bak RPM (1997) Predicting regeneration of physical damage on a reef-building coral by regeneration capacity and lesion shape. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 146:91-99. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps146091
date: (CI_Date)
date: 1997
dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
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title: International DOI Foundation (IDF)
date: (inapplicable)
code: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps146091
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
positionName: (unknown)
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
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linkage: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps146091
protocol: HTTPS
name: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps146091
description: journal article
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
role: (unknown)
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: Meesters EH
role: (CI_RoleCode) author
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: Pauchli W
role: (CI_RoleCode) author
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: Bak RPM
role: (CI_RoleCode) author
presentationForm: (CI_PresentationFormCode) documentDigital
series: (CI_Series)
name: Marine Ecology Progress Series
issueIdentification: 146
otherCitationDetails: pp. 91-99
associationType: (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
initiativeType: (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) sciencePaper
language:
LanguageCode: eng; USA
characterSet: (MD_CharacterSetCode) utf8
topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) environment
topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) oceans
topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) biota
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geographicElement: (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
westBoundLongitude: -68.352684
eastBoundLongitude: -64.6087981
southBoundLatitude: 12.125726
northBoundLatitude: 17.7878653
temporalElement: (EX_TemporalExtent)
extent:
TimePeriod:
beginPosition: 2018-07-02
endPosition: 2019-08-24
supplementalInformation: Submission Package ID: B6TCXG
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distributionInfo: (MD_Distribution)
distributor: (MD_Distributor)
distributorContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName:
Anchor: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
phone: (CI_Telephone)
voice: +1-301-713-3277
address: (CI_Address)
electronicMailAddress: NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
distributionOrderProcess: (MD_StandardOrderProcess)
fees: In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
orderingInstructions: Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
distributorFormat: (MD_Format)
name: CSV
version: (unknown)
distributorTransferOptions: (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
transferSize:
Real: 0.636
onLine: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0213589
protocol: HTTPS
applicationProfile: Web browser
name: NCEI Dataset Landing Page
description: Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
onLine: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/213589
protocol: HTTPS
applicationProfile: Web browser
name: Descriptive Information
description: Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
onLine: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/213589
protocol: HTTPS
applicationProfile: Web browser
name: HTTPS
description: Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
onLine: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0158/0213589/
protocol: FTP
applicationProfile: Any FTP client
name: FTP
description: These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
level: (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
lineage: (LI_Lineage)
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: NCEI Accession 0213589 v1.1 was published.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2020-07-29T20:32:16Z
output: (LE_Source)
sourceCitation: (CI_Citation)
title: NCEI Accession 0213589 v1.1
date: (CI_Date)
date: (inapplicable)
dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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individualName: (inapplicable)
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0213589/1.1
protocol: HTTPS
name: NCEI Accession 0213589 v1.1
description: published 2020-07-29T20:32:16Z
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
role: (inapplicable)
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
level: (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
lineage: (LI_Lineage)
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: island (measured); Units: N/A; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: Not applicable; Sampling and Analyzing Method: This is a categorical variable of the names of the islands in the Caribbean on which the data were collected (St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: site (measured); Units: N/A; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: Not applicable; Sampling and Analyzing Method: This is a categorical variable of the names of the study sites on St. Croix and Bonaire.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: site_latitude (measured); Units: Decimal Degrees; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Garmin GPS 72; Sampling and Analyzing Method: To estimate the coordinates of a central location at each study site sites we towed a Garmin GPS 72 receiver on a surface float while on SCUBA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: site_longitude (measured); Units: Decimal Degrees; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Garmin GPS 72; Sampling and Analyzing Method: To estimate the coordinates of a central location at each study site sites we towed a Garmin GPS 72 receiver on a surface float while on SCUBA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: initial_monitoring_date (measured); Units: YYYY-MM-DD; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The initial date on which we began monitoring fresh parrotfish bite scars on Orbicella annularis coral colonies in years, months and days (YYYY-MM-DD).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: final_monitoring_date (measured); Units: YYYY-MM-DD; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The final date on which we monitored parrotfish bite scars on Orbicella annularis coral colonies in years, months and days (YYYY-MM-DD).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: days_monitored (measured); Units: days; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The total days over which we monitored tissue regeneration of a given parrotfish bite scars on Orbicella annularis coral colonies (Final date- initial date).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: colony_id (measured); Units: N/A; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: A unique identifying number for each colony we observed across study sites..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: colony_surface_area_cm2 (measured); Units: square centimeters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: flexible metric ruler; Sampling and Analyzing Method: We measured the maximum diameter and perpendicular diameter of each coral colony in situ. We also estimated the percent live tissue on the colony (to account for dead patches of coral tissue). We used these measurements to calculate coral area as the surface area of a hemisphere and multiplied this by the percent live tissue to estimate the surface area of live coral tissue per Orbicella annularis colony.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: n_scars_on_colony (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The observed number of fresh parrotfish predation scars present on the Orbicella annularis colony at the start of monitoring.; Data Quality Method: A bite scar was defined as one contiguous area of recently grazed coral tissue observed on the colony. Fresh scars were defined as those without visible healing at the scar perimeter or algae growth within the scar area..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: water_depth_m (measured); Units: meter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Dive computer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: We recorded the water depth of each coral colony in situ as measured via the observer's Mares Smart dive computer.; Data Quality Method: To account for minor discrepancies in depth recordings on different dive computers, only one dive computer was used to record the depth of all colonies..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: bite_scar_id (measured); Units: N/A; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: A unique identifying number for each bite scar we observed across colonies and study sites..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: initial_scar_surface_area_cm2 (measured); Units: square centimeters; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: flexible ruler, camera, ImageJ; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The initial surface area of a scar. We took a close-up photo of each scar on the initial monitoring day with a flexible ruler parallel and next to each scar as a size reference. We then used ImageJ to trace each scar and measure the scar area..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: final_scar_surface_area_cm2 (measured); Units: square centimeters; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: flexible ruler, camera, ImageJ; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The surface area of a scar on the final monitoring date. We took a close-up photo of each scar on the initial monitoring day with a flexible ruler parallel and next to each scar as a size reference. We then used ImageJ to trace each scar and measure the scar area..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: date (measured); Units: YYYY-MM-DD; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The monitoring date or survey date for a given row of data in years, months and days (YYYY-MM-DD).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: current_scar_surface_area_cm2 (measured); Units: square centimeters; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: flexible ruler, camera, ImageJ; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The surface area of the scar on a given date. We took a close-up photo of each scar on each monitoring day with a flexible ruler parallel and next to each scar as a size reference. We then used ImageJ to trace each scar and measure the scar area..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: transect (measured); Units: N/A; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: A unique identifying number for each belt transect within a given study site. Transects were 30 x 1 m. We placed them parallel to the reef slope on fore reef habitats and parallel to spurs on spur-groove habitats..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: transect_depth_m (measured); Units: meters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Dive computer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The water depth at which the transect was conducted, based on the average of the depths measured at each end of the transect.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: OANN_with_scars_present (measured); Units: N/A; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: A binary category indicating whether there were Orbicella annularis coral colonies.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: percent_colony_within_transect (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Some colonies were partially within the 30 x 1 m belt transect. To account for this, we recorded the percentage of the colony within the transect area as estimated by the diver in situ to the nearest 10%..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: n_total_scars_on_colony (measured); Units: N/A; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The total number of contiguous parrotfish predation scars visible and reliably identifiable on the colony. This includes both fresh and older (but still reliably identifiable) parrotfish bite scars..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: n_fresh_scars_on_colony (measured); Units: N/A; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The number of scars that were fresh- i.e. exhibiting now signs of tissue regneration at the perimeter or algae growth within the denuded coral area..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: minimum_scar_area_cm2 (measured); Units: square centimeters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: flexible ruler; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The surface area of the estimated smallest scar on the colony.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: median_scar_area_cm2 (measured); Units: square centimeters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: flexible ruler; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The surface area of the estimated median-sided scar on the colony.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: maximum_scar_area_cm2 (measured); Units: square centimeters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: flexible ruler; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The surface area of the estimated largest scar on the colony.
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: photograph
type: photograph
description: still images used as the basis for making parameter determinations
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: swimmer/diver
type: swimmer/diver
description: not an instrument - use as observation type
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: visual observation
type: visual observation
description: not an instrument - maybe an observation type
