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METOCEAN Data Systems Drifter data from the Southern Oceans from 1997-11-08 to 1998-02-18 (NCEI Accession 9900163)


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      DateTime:  2023-02-16T20:45:51Z
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            title:  METOCEAN Data Systems Drifter data from the Southern Oceans from 1997-11-08 to 1998-02-18 (NCEI Accession 9900163)
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                date:  2002-11-19
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                  Anchor:  NCEI Accession ID 9900163
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/173 Mark R. Abbott
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/712 Oregon State University; College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/712 Oregon State University; College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/173 Mark R. Abbott
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/712 Oregon State University; College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/3609 Ricardo M. Letelier
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/712 Oregon State University; College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/173 Abbott, Mark
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/712 College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/3609 Letelier, Ricardo
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/712 College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/712 Oregon State University; College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS)
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        abstract:  Sea surface temperature data were collected using drifting buoys in the Southern Oceans from 08 November 1997 to 18 February 1998. Data were submitted by Oregon State University (OSU) with support from the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study / Southern Oceans (JGOFS/Southern Oceans) project.
        purpose:  This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                    date:  1999-10-21
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            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/518 DOWNWELLING RADIANCE
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/319 SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/11 buoy - drifting buoy
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/platform/details/7131 R/V Roger Revelle
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/712 Oregon State University; College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/project/details/292 JOINT GLOBAL OCEAN FLUX STUDY/ Southern Ocean (JGOFS/Southern Ocean)
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              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/141117c3-6d2d-4b78-b0c4-f7150f6dec2e DRIFTING BUOYS > DRIFTING BUOYS
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                            name:  GCMD Keyword Forum Page
                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://vocab.ices.dk/services/pox/GetCodeDetail/SHIPC/33RR ROGER REVELLE (call sign: KAOU, ICES code: 33RR, 1996)
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                title:  ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes
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            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/9ce6b6ba-8f9f-4585-9438-05619d768578 OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/b791f381-1c1c-4958-bc7d-b72a15da1174 OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
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                    date:  2023
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) revision
                edition:  17
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                    organisationName:  Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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                            linkage: https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
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                            name:  GCMD Keyword Forum Page
                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 17. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
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            otherConstraints:  Cite as: Abbott, Mark; Letelier, Ricardo (2002). METOCEAN Data Systems Drifter data from the Southern Oceans from 1997-11-08 to 1998-02-18 (NCEI Accession 9900163). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/9900163. Accessed [date].
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            useLimitation:  Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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            otherConstraints:  Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
        language:
          LanguageCode:  eng; USA
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        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) environment
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) oceans
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                westBoundLongitude:  -1.71383
                eastBoundLongitude:  -1.30317
                southBoundLatitude:  -6.1764
                northBoundLatitude:  -5.321
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
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                  TimePeriod:
                    beginPosition:  1997-11-08
                    endPosition:  1998-02-18
        supplementalInformation:  Drifter details Two types of METOCEAN Data Systems' drifters were deployed in the Southern Ocean: physical drifters and optical drifters. Physical drifters The physical drifters used were WOCE SVP GPS drifters, which measure location and sea surface temperature. The basic drifter design is shown in the schematic to the right. GPS location data are acquired once per hour. Sea surface temperature measurements are made just before and after each GPS fix, and averaged. These hourly data are then transmitted to ARGOS every 400 s. ARGOS positioning occurs if 5 or more GPS fix attempts have failed. The typical lifetime of these drifters in the Southern Ocean is 4.5 months. Optical drifters The optical drifters used were WOCE/OCM/GPS (Ocean Color Monitor) Lagrangian drifters. The basic drifter design is similar to that of the physical drifters (schematic to the right), except that optical sensors are included in the surface unit (diagram below) and the drogue dimensions are different (40 cm diameter, 12.27 m long) to decrease its influence on the optical measurements. These drifters contain sensors that measure the water temperature and optical sensors from Satlantic, Inc., that measure downwelling irradiance above the sea surface and upwelling radiance just below the sea surface . The irradiance is measured at a center wavelength of 490 nm and the radiances are measured at seven wavebands centered at: 412, 443, 490, 510, 555, 670, and 683 nm. The 683 nm sensor has a bandpass of approximately 10 nm. The remaining sensors have a bandpass of 20 nm. These optical sensors were calibrated by Satlantic, Inc., before deployment. Optical measurements were made every 100 s and averaged over a one hour period. Sea surface temperature measurements were made alternately with GPS location fixes each hour, hence SST and GPS location data are not available at the same time. Each set of hourly data was transmitted to ARGOS every 400 s. The typical lifetime of these drifters in the Southern Ocean is 3 months. Drifter data processing The data were first converted from binary to ASCII format (as raw counts) and then converted to physical units. Optical data were calibrated using the calibration factors provided by Satlantic, Inc. Missing, saturated, and anomalous data were replaced with NaNs. Repeated and out-of-order data were removed. The data were then despiked as follows: Despiking Method The despiking method used was based on a combination of statistical and subjective criteria. The input parameters and typical values used (in brackets) were as follows: * numav : number of data points to average in a running average (30) * n : least number of standard deviations from the mean that is acceptable (2) * minstd : minimum standard deviation used (value varies) * initav : estimated mean for the good data points in the first set of 30 data points (value varies) The steps taken were as follows: 1. A running average and standard deviation is calculated in groups of 30 (numav) data points. 2. If the standard deviation is less than a guessed lower estimate for the standard deviation (minstd), the guessed estimate (minstd) is used instead (this prevents stds of zero). 3. For the first 30 points, if any of the points deviate from a guess for the initial mean (initav) by more than n minimum standard deviations (n*minstd), they are removed. 4. After the initial set of 30 points, the despiking method is as follows: Each data point is compared with the mean and standard deviation of the previous 30 points. If it differs from the mean by more than n standard deviations, it is removed. 5. After the initial despiking has been made, a second despiking is performed on data where any remaining spikes are obvious (such as latitude, longitude, and occasionally SST data). This second type of despiking is simply based on visual estimation of the maximum deviation that should occur between data points. Optical despiking Before applying the above method to radiance data, each set of radiance measurements was first divided by Ed490 to remove diurnal variations. Poor data points were then determined by recording the positions of spikes present in these ratios. The corresponding data points were removed from the radiance data. Poor data points in the Ed490 data set were assumed to correspond to the poor data points present in the ratio of Lu412 to Ed490. Note that this method also removes some good data points, since some of the data points removed from the radiance data may have been caused by poor Ed490 values, and vice versa. Time The decimal day was calculated from the day of year and datatime. The datatime is the satellite GMT time minus the data age. Location and Sea Surface Temperature Because of storage constraints during the data retrieval from the optical drifters, several of the optical drifter parameters were recorded alternately. Hence, note that measurements of location (latitude and longitude) do not occur simultaneously with measurements of sea-surface temperature (SST) in the optical drifter data sets.
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                fees:  In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
                orderingInstructions:  Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
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                    linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0001/9900163/
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                    description:  These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
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                description:  NCEI Accession 9900163 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2002-11-19T19:40:22Z
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                        title:  NCEI Accession 9900163 v1.1
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                                    name:  NCEI Accession 9900163 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2002-11-19T19:40:22Z
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                description:  NCEI Accession 9900163 was revised and v1.2 was published.
                rationale:  Additional metadata files were received or created for this dataset. These updates were copied into the about/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2013-03-19T23:33:09Z
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                        title:  NCEI Accession 9900163 v1.2
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                                    description:  published 2013-03-19T23:33:09Z
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                description:  NCEI Accession 9900163 was revised and v1.3 was published.
                rationale:  Additional metadata files were received or created for this dataset. These updates were copied into the about/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2023-02-16T13:18:07Z
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                        title:  NCEI Accession 9900163 v1.3
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                                    description:  published 2023-02-16T13:18:07Z
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                other:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                description:  NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-04-22T00:00:00
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        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        maintenanceNote:  NCEI Accession 9900163 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
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            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  buoy - drifting buoy
            type:  buoy - drifting buoy
            description:  buoy - drifting buoy
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  R/V Roger Revelle
            description:  Flag: United States Type: Research Vessel IMO: 9075228 Company: Scripps Institution of Oceanography DOB: 1996-06 https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ships/revelle
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