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Dataset Overview | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

Temperature and upwelling / downwelling irradiance data from drifting buoy in the Southern Oceans as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study/Southern Ocean (JGOFS/Southern Ocean) project, from 1994-12-25 to 1998-06-28 (NCEI Accession 9900183)

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Temperature and upwelling / downwelling irradiance data were collected using drifting buoy in the Southern Oceans from December 25, 1994 to June 28, 1998. Data were submitted by Mark R. Abbott from the Oregon State University (OSU) as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study/Southern Ocean (JGOFS/Southern Ocean) project.
  • Cite as: Abbott, Mark R.; Oregon State CEOAS (2002). Temperature and upwelling / downwelling irradiance data from drifting buoy in the Southern Oceans as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study/Southern Ocean (JGOFS/Southern Ocean) project, from 1994-12-25 to 1998-06-28 (NCEI Accession 9900183). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/9900183. Accessed [date].
gov.noaa.nodc:9900183
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Distribution Formats
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Distributor NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
+1-301-713-3277
NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Time Period 1994-12-25 to 1998-06-28
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates
West: 60.6
East: 161.7
South: 53.8
North: 63
Spatial Coverage Map
General Documentation
Publication Dates
  • publication: 2002-11-19
  • revision: 2013-03-20
Data Presentation Form Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status Complete - production of the data has been completed
Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency As needed
Supplemental Information
Two types of METOCEAN Data Systems'
drifters were deployed in the Southern
Ocean: physical drifters and optical
drifters.

Physical drifters

The physical drifters used were WOCE
SVP GPS drifters, which measure
location and sea surface temperature.
The basic drifter design is shown in
the schematic to the right.

GPS location data are acquired once
per hour. Sea surface temperature
measurements are made just before and
after each GPS fix, and averaged.
These hourly data are then transmitted
to ARGOS every 400 s. ARGOS
positioning occurs if 5 or more GPS
fix attempts have failed. The typical
lifetime of these drifters in the
Southern Ocean is 4.5 months.

Optical drifters

The optical drifters used
were WOCE/OCM/GPS (Ocean Color
Monitor) Lagrangian drifters. The
basic drifter design is similar to
that of the physical drifters
(schematic to the right), except that
optical sensors are included in the
surface unit (diagram below) and the
drogue dimensions are different (40 cm
diameter, 12.27 m long) to decrease
its influence on the optical
measurements.

These drifters contain sensors that measure the water temperature
and optical sensors from Satlantic, Inc., that measure
downwelling irradiance above the sea surface and upwelling
radiance just below the sea surface . The irradiance is measured
at a center wavelength of 490 nm and the radiances are measured
at seven wavebands centered at:

412, 443, 490, 510, 555, 670, and 683 nm.

The 683 nm sensor has a bandpass of approximately 10 nm. The
remaining sensors have a bandpass of 20 nm. These optical
sensors were calibrated by Satlantic, Inc., before deployment.

Optical measurements were made every 100 s and averaged over a
one hour period. Sea surface temperature measurements were made
alternately with GPS location fixes each hour, hence SST and GPS
location data are not available at the same time. Each set of
hourly data was transmitted to ARGOS every 400 s. The typical
lifetime of these drifters in the Southern Ocean is 3 months.
Drifter data processing

The data were first converted from binary to ASCII format (as raw
counts) and then converted to physical units. Optical data were
calibrated using the calibration factors provided by Satlantic,
Inc. Missing, saturated, and anomalous data were replaced with
NaNs. Repeated and out-of-order data were removed. The data
were then despiked as follows:

Despiking Method

The despiking method used was based on a combination of
statistical and subjective criteria.

The input parameters and typical values used (in brackets) were
as follows:

* numav : number of data points to average in a running
average (30)

* n : least number of standard deviations from the mean that
is acceptable (2)

* minstd : minimum standard deviation used (value varies)

* initav : estimated mean for the good data points in the
first set of 30 data points (value varies)

The steps taken were as follows:

1. A running average and standard deviation is calculated in
groups of 30 (numav) data points.

2. If the standard deviation is less than a guessed lower
estimate for the standard deviation (minstd), the guessed
estimate (minstd) is used instead (this prevents stds of
zero).

3. For the first 30 points, if any of the points deviate from a
guess for the initial mean (initav) by more than n minimum
standard deviations (n*minstd), they are removed.

4. After the initial set of 30 points, the despiking method is
as follows: Each data point is compared with the mean and
standard deviation of the previous 30 points. If it differs
from the mean by more than n standard deviations, it is
removed.

5. After the initial despiking has been made, a second
despiking is performed on data where any remaining spikes
are obvious (such as latitude, longitude, and occasionally
SST data). This second type of despiking is simply based on
visual estimation of the maximum deviation that should occur
between data points.

Optical despiking
Before applying the above method to radiance data, each set of
radiance measurements was first divided by Ed490 to remove
diurnal variations. Poor data points were then determined by
recording the positions of spikes present in these ratios. The
corresponding data points were removed from the radiance data.
Poor data points in the Ed490 dataset were assumed to correspond
to the poor data points present in the ratio of Lu412 to Ed490.
Note that this method also removes some good data points, since
some of the data points removed from the radiance data may have
been caused by poor Ed490 values, and vice versa.

Time
The decimal day was calculated from the day of year and datatime.
The datatime is the satellite GMT time minus the data age.

Location and Sea Surface Temperature
Because of storage constraints during the data retrieval from the
optical drifters, several of the optical drifter parameters were
recorded alternately. Hence, note that measurements of location
(latitude and longitude) do not occur simultaneously with
measurements of sea-surface temperature (SST) in the optical
drifter data sets.
Purpose This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
Use Limitations
  • accessLevel: Public
  • Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
Dataset Citation
  • Cite as: Abbott, Mark R.; Oregon State CEOAS (2002). Temperature and upwelling / downwelling irradiance data from drifting buoy in the Southern Oceans as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study/Southern Ocean (JGOFS/Southern Ocean) project, from 1994-12-25 to 1998-06-28 (NCEI Accession 9900183). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/9900183. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors
Resource Providers
Publishers
Theme keywords NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS WMO_CategoryCode
  • oceanography
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
Data Center keywords NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
Instrument keywords NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
Place keywords NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
Project keywords NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords
Keywords NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER
Use Constraints
  • Cite as: Abbott, Mark R.; Oregon State CEOAS (2002). Temperature and upwelling / downwelling irradiance data from drifting buoy in the Southern Oceans as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study/Southern Ocean (JGOFS/Southern Ocean) project, from 1994-12-25 to 1998-06-28 (NCEI Accession 9900183). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/9900183. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints
  • Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees
  • In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • 2002-11-19T19:40:22Z - NCEI Accession 9900183 v1.1 was published.
  • 2013-03-20T02:43:11Z - NCEI Accession 9900183 was revised and v1.2 was published.
    Rationale: Additional metadata files were received or created for this dataset. These updates were copied into the about/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
Output Datasets
Lineage information for: repository
Processing Steps
  • 2015-04-22T00:00:00 - NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument
  • buoy - drifting buoy
Last Modified: 2022-01-15T14:23:05Z
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