Temperature and upwelling / downwelling irradiance data from drifting buoy in the Southern Oceans as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study/Southern Ocean (JGOFS/Southern Ocean) project, from 1994-12-25 to 1998-06-28 (NCEI Accession 9900183)
Temperature and upwelling / downwelling irradiance data were collected using drifting buoy in the Southern Oceans from December 25, 1994 to June 28, 1998. Data were submitted by Mark R. Abbott from the Oregon State University (OSU) as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study/Southern Ocean (JGOFS/Southern Ocean) project.
Dataset Citation
- Cite as: Abbott, Mark R.; Oregon State CEOAS (2002). Temperature and upwelling / downwelling irradiance data from drifting buoy in the Southern Oceans as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study/Southern Ocean (JGOFS/Southern Ocean) project, from 1994-12-25 to 1998-06-28 (NCEI Accession 9900183). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/9900183. Accessed [date].
Dataset Identifiers
ISO 19115-2 Metadata
gov.noaa.nodc:9900183
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Ordering Instructions | Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. |
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NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 NCEI.Info@noaa.gov |
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NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov |
Time Period | 1994-12-25 to 1998-06-28 |
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates |
West: 60.6
East: 161.7
South: 53.8
North: 63
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Data Presentation Form | Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns |
Dataset Progress Status | Complete - production of the data has been completed Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility |
Data Update Frequency | As needed |
Supplemental Information | Two types of METOCEAN Data Systems' drifters were deployed in the Southern Ocean: physical drifters and optical drifters. Physical drifters The physical drifters used were WOCE SVP GPS drifters, which measure location and sea surface temperature. The basic drifter design is shown in the schematic to the right. GPS location data are acquired once per hour. Sea surface temperature measurements are made just before and after each GPS fix, and averaged. These hourly data are then transmitted to ARGOS every 400 s. ARGOS positioning occurs if 5 or more GPS fix attempts have failed. The typical lifetime of these drifters in the Southern Ocean is 4.5 months. Optical drifters The optical drifters used were WOCE/OCM/GPS (Ocean Color Monitor) Lagrangian drifters. The basic drifter design is similar to that of the physical drifters (schematic to the right), except that optical sensors are included in the surface unit (diagram below) and the drogue dimensions are different (40 cm diameter, 12.27 m long) to decrease its influence on the optical measurements. These drifters contain sensors that measure the water temperature and optical sensors from Satlantic, Inc., that measure downwelling irradiance above the sea surface and upwelling radiance just below the sea surface . The irradiance is measured at a center wavelength of 490 nm and the radiances are measured at seven wavebands centered at: 412, 443, 490, 510, 555, 670, and 683 nm. The 683 nm sensor has a bandpass of approximately 10 nm. The remaining sensors have a bandpass of 20 nm. These optical sensors were calibrated by Satlantic, Inc., before deployment. Optical measurements were made every 100 s and averaged over a one hour period. Sea surface temperature measurements were made alternately with GPS location fixes each hour, hence SST and GPS location data are not available at the same time. Each set of hourly data was transmitted to ARGOS every 400 s. The typical lifetime of these drifters in the Southern Ocean is 3 months. Drifter data processing The data were first converted from binary to ASCII format (as raw counts) and then converted to physical units. Optical data were calibrated using the calibration factors provided by Satlantic, Inc. Missing, saturated, and anomalous data were replaced with NaNs. Repeated and out-of-order data were removed. The data were then despiked as follows: Despiking Method The despiking method used was based on a combination of statistical and subjective criteria. The input parameters and typical values used (in brackets) were as follows: * numav : number of data points to average in a running average (30) * n : least number of standard deviations from the mean that is acceptable (2) * minstd : minimum standard deviation used (value varies) * initav : estimated mean for the good data points in the first set of 30 data points (value varies) The steps taken were as follows: 1. A running average and standard deviation is calculated in groups of 30 (numav) data points. 2. If the standard deviation is less than a guessed lower estimate for the standard deviation (minstd), the guessed estimate (minstd) is used instead (this prevents stds of zero). 3. For the first 30 points, if any of the points deviate from a guess for the initial mean (initav) by more than n minimum standard deviations (n*minstd), they are removed. 4. After the initial set of 30 points, the despiking method is as follows: Each data point is compared with the mean and standard deviation of the previous 30 points. If it differs from the mean by more than n standard deviations, it is removed. 5. After the initial despiking has been made, a second despiking is performed on data where any remaining spikes are obvious (such as latitude, longitude, and occasionally SST data). This second type of despiking is simply based on visual estimation of the maximum deviation that should occur between data points. Optical despiking Before applying the above method to radiance data, each set of radiance measurements was first divided by Ed490 to remove diurnal variations. Poor data points were then determined by recording the positions of spikes present in these ratios. The corresponding data points were removed from the radiance data. Poor data points in the Ed490 dataset were assumed to correspond to the poor data points present in the ratio of Lu412 to Ed490. Note that this method also removes some good data points, since some of the data points removed from the radiance data may have been caused by poor Ed490 values, and vice versa. Time The decimal day was calculated from the day of year and datatime. The datatime is the satellite GMT time minus the data age. Location and Sea Surface Temperature Because of storage constraints during the data retrieval from the optical drifters, several of the optical drifter parameters were recorded alternately. Hence, note that measurements of location (latitude and longitude) do not occur simultaneously with measurements of sea-surface temperature (SST) in the optical drifter data sets. |
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Last Modified: 2022-01-15T14:23:05Z
For questions about the information on this page, please email: ncei.info@noaa.gov
For questions about the information on this page, please email: ncei.info@noaa.gov