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abstract: This CD-ROM (Compact Disk - Read Only Memory) contains sidescan sonar, high-resolution seismic-reflection, bathymetric, textural, and bibliographic data and interpretations collected, compiled, and produced through the U.S. Geological Survey/State of Connecticut Cooperative and the Long Island Sound Environmental Studies Project of the Coastal and Marine Geology Program, U.S. Geological Survey during October 1991 to August 1998. Cooperative research with the State of Connecticut was initiated in 1982. During the initial phase of this cooperative program, geologic framework studies in Long Island Sound were completed. The second and current phase of the program, which is the focus of this CD-ROM, emphasizes studies of sediment distribution, processes that control sediment distribution, near-shore environmental concerns, and the relationship of benthic communities to sea-floor geology. The study area covers all of Long Island Sound, which is bordered on the north by the rocky shoreline of Connecticut, on the east by Block Island Sound, on the south by the eroding sandy bluffs of Long Island, and on the west by the East River and the New York metropolitan area. Sidescan sonar data were variously collected with 100 kHz Klein, Datasonics, and Edgetech systems under two survey schemes. In the first scheme, the data were collected along closely-spaced grids where the ship tracks were spaced 150 m apart and the sonar system was set to sweep 100 m to either side of the ship's track. This scheme produced the continuous-coverage acoustic images that are stored on the CD-ROM as TIF files. In the second scheme, the sidescan sonar data collected along reconnaissance lines spaced about 2,400 m apart. Only selected portions of this data, when used for geologic interpretation, are stored on this CD-ROM. Under both survey schemes, the sidescan sonar data were processed according to procedures summarized by Danforth and others (1991) and Paskevich (1992a, 1992b, 1992c). The seismic reflection data were variously collected with an Ocean Research Equipment 3.5-kHz profiler transmitting at a 0.25-s repetition rate and a Datasonics CHIRP system set to sweep between 2-7 kHz. Only selected seismic-reflection data, which are used as examples in geologic interpretations, are stored as GIF-formatted images on this CD-ROM. Navigation during this project was determined with a differential Global Positioning System (GPS); position data were logged at 10-second intervals. The bathymetric data were collected by means of a 200-kHz echo sounder and logged digitally. Surficial sediment (0-2 cm below the sediment-water interface) sampling completed as part of this project was conducted using a Van Veen grab sampler equipped with an Osprey video and still camera system. The photographic system was used to appraise bottom variability around stations, faunal communities, and sedimentary processes. It also documented bedrock outcrops and boulder fields where samples could not be collected. The fine fraction (less than 62 microns) was analyzed by Coulter Counter (Shideler, 1976); the coarse fraction was analyzed by sieving (gravel) and by rapid sediment analyzer (sand; Schlee, 1966). The data were corrected for the salt content of interstitial water. Size classifications are based on the method proposed by Wentworth (1929) and were calculated using the inclusive graphics statistical method (Folk, 1974), using the nomenclature proposed by Shepard (1954). A detailed discussion of the sedimentological methods employed are given in Poppe and others (1985); a detailed description of the methods used to perform the CHN analyses are given in Poppe and others (1996). The database presented here contains over 14,000 records and 83 fields (see the Data Dictionary below). The specific fields and parameters have been chosen based on the data produced by the sedimentation laboratory of the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey in Woods Hole, Mass., and the format of information typically found in the literature. Because the data have come from numerous sources, there are differing amounts and types of information. Most of the samples or sets of samples do not have data in all of the given fields. However, additional fields, qualifiers, and data can be added in virtually unlimited fashion to accommodate specific needs. The database itself is provided in four formats: Microsoft EXCEL, ver. 5, Quattro Pro for Windows, dBase IV, and Tab-delimited ASCII text. Four bathymetric data sets are presented and include: 1) Interpretations of the bathymetry within the continuous-coverage sidescan sonar study areas; 2) The NOS database modified to remove extraneous data (i.e., buoys); 3) Contoured National Ocean Service (NOS) bathymetry digitized by Applied Geographics Inc., Boston, Massachusetts; and 4) a fly-by based on the modified NOS database. Data files are present in ASCII format with navigation and depth in meters. The bathymetric interpretations within the sidescan sonar study areas are based on mean sea level and stored as TIF images; the NOS data are based on mean low sea level; and the fly-by is configured to run in QuickTime or MPEG, which can be downloaded from this CD-ROM. The bibliographic database, which contains over 2,000 references, is stored as an ASCII text, Microsoft Word, Corel WordPerfect, HTML, and Microsoft EXCEL files. This bibliography is largely a compilation of references from Lewis and Coffin (1985) and the GENCAT bibliographic database at the Long Island Sound Resource Center, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Groton, Connecticut. These sources have been supplemented by citations from the BIOSIS, GEOREF, and FISH AND FISHERIES WORLDWIDE bibliographic databases.
purpose: To address marine geologic processes that are essential in understanding the benthic environmental problems of the Sound.
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/f6ed7b70-c420-46e0-97db-2aecd9748788 OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > LONG ISLAND SOUND
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otherConstraints: Cite as: Lawrence J. Poppe; Chris Polloni; Coastal and Marine Geology Program, U.S. Geological Survey (2002). Long Island Sound Environmental Studies; 1991-10-01 to 1998-10-01 (NCEI Accession 9900223). OPEN-FILE REPORT 98-502. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/9900223. Accessed [date].
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useLimitation: Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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useLimitation: This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or the State of Connecticut.
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beginPosition: 1991-10-01
endPosition: 1998-10-01
supplementalInformation: Note: Metadata for this accession were extracted from a legacy database maintained by the U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC). The design of the database did not exactly reflect the FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM). Principal Investigator (PI) and organization contact information accurately represents all available information from the legacy database at the time that this description was created. However, proper attribution of a PI to a specific institution or the role (submitting or collecting) taken by an institution may not be correct due to inexact mapping between fields in the legacy database and the CSDGM. Due to this uncertainty, the contact information was initially recorded in the Supplemental Information element of the CSDGM description. To develop more accurate metadata, NCEI reviews metadata for all accessions on an ongoing basis. Points of contact for this data set include: Contact info: Agency: US DOI; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WOODS HOLE PI: Poppe, Larry Address: address: NOT AVAILABLE city: WOODS HOLE state: MA postal: NOT AVAILABLE country: UNITED STATES
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fees: In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
orderingInstructions: Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
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linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0001/9900223/
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applicationProfile: Any FTP client
name: FTP
description: These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
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description: NCEI Accession 9900223 v1.1 was published.
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DateTime: 2002-11-19T19:40:22Z
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description: NCEI Accession 9900223 was revised and v1.2 was published.
rationale: Additional metadata files were received or created for this dataset. These updates were copied into the about/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2023-02-16T14:43:10Z
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description: NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2015-04-22T00:00:00
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maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
maintenanceNote: NCEI Accession 9900223 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
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role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
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identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: echo sounder
type: echo sounder
description: instrument used to determine water depth or bathymetry also known as an echosounder
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identifier: (MD_Identifier)
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description: use as an observation type
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: sediment sampler - corer
type: sediment sampler - corer
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code: sediment sampler - grab
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description: grab sampler is used to take a sample of surficial seafloor sediments
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: sonar
type: sonar
description: sound/sonic navigation and ranging Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels. Side-scan sonar (also sometimes called side scan sonar, sidescan sonar, side imaging sonar, side-imaging sonar and bottom classification sonar) is a category of sonar system that is used to efficiently create an image of large areas of the sea floor. [wikipedia] Bio-acoustic Sonar measures acoustic signals of plankton and zooplankton. [OOI]
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code: R/V ASTERIAS
description: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Research Vessel. The replacement for [the original] Asterias, delivered to WHOI in 1980, was a 46-foot vessel given the same name.
instrument: (missing)
