NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Klapferloch Cave, Austria 3000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data

STUDY NOTES: High resolution (near annual) 3000 year flowstone stable isotope record from core PFU6 collected in an east Austrian cave.
ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Several drill cores were obtained from a laminated, actively forming flowstone from a shallow cave in Austria. Highly resolved petrographic and geochemical analyses combined with multi-annual cave monitoring reveal a distinct sensitivity of flowstone growth and composition to late Holocene meteoric precipitation. The regular sub-millimetre-scale lamination consists of thicker, translucent laminae and thinner (organic) inclusion-rich laminae. There is also a macroscopic millimetre-scale banding of darker and lighter bands comprising several laminae. Stable isotope analyses of drill cores and modern calcite precipitates show a pronounced positive covariation of d13C and d18O values indicative of kinetic isotope effects. Comparing the isotope values with petrography shows gradual changes across several of the annual laminae, i.e. changes of several per mille on a multi-annual to decadal timescale. The stable isotope and trace-element composition, as well as the flowstone petrography, are mainly controlled by the variable drip-water discharge controlling the water-film thickness and water residence time on the flowstone surface and consequently the intensity of CO2-degassing, kinetic isotope enrichment and concomitant calcite precipitation. Drill core PFU6 provides an isotope record of the last ca. 3000 years at near-annual resolution. A distinct phase of low C and O isotope values - interpreted as increased discharge and hence higher meteoric precipitation - occurred from ca. 300 to 140 a b2k (second half of the Little Ice Age) and another wet interval occurred around 700 a, corresponding to reported Medieval glacier advances. The Roman Warm Period was also dominated by relatively wet conditions, although significant decadal variability prevailed. Increased precipitation further characterized the intervals from ca. 2480 to 2430 and 2950 to 2770 a. Dry conditions persisted during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, although this trend towards reduced precipitation started earlier. The highest C isotope values of the last 2 ka are recorded around 750 a and another dry phase is centred at 1480 a. This new record shows that inter-annual to decadal oscillations are a dominant mode of variation during the last 3 ka in the Alps.