NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Gao et al. 2008 1500 Year Stratospheric Volcanic Sulfate Data
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title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Gao et al. 2008 1500 Year Stratospheric Volcanic Sulfate Data
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date: 2009-09-11
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Anchor: DOI doi:10.25921/jgay-xk32
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abstract: This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Forcing. The data include parameters of climate forcing with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 1449 to -50 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.
purpose: Records of changes in solar irradiance, volcanic aerosols, atmospheric trace gases, and other properties thought to influence climate in the past. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations.
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keyword: earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing
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keyword: What: volcanic sulfate; Material: null
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otherConstraints: Cite as: Gao, C.-C.; Robock, A.; Ammann, C.M. (2009-09-11): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Gao et al. 2008 1500 Year Stratospheric Volcanic Sulfate Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/jgay-xk32. Accessed [date].
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otherConstraints: Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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otherConstraints: Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
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otherConstraints: Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.
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title: Volcanic forcing of climate over the past 1500 years: An improved ice core-based index for climate models
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date: 2008
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description: Chaochao Gao, Alan Robock and Caspar Ammann, 2008: Volcanic forcing of climate over the past 1500 years: An improved ice core-based index for climate models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 113, , 10.1029/2008JD010239
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description: Date Range: 501 CE to 2000 CE; Date Range: 1449 cal yr BP to -50 cal yr BP;
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supplementalInformation: STUDY NOTES: Global and Hemispheric Annual Stratospheric Volcanic Sulfate Aerosol Injections plus Monthly, Latitudinally, and Height-Dependent Aerosol Loading. A revised dataset has been posted on June 18, 2015. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Understanding natural causes of climate change is vital to evaluate the relative impacts of human pollution and land surface modification on climate. We have investigated one of the most important natural causes of climate change, volcanic eruptions, by using 54 ice core records from both the Arctic and Antarctica. Our recently collected suite of ice core data, more than double the number of cores ever used before, reduces errors inherent in reconstructions based on a single or small number of cores, which enables us to obtain much higher accuracy in both detection of events and quantification of the radiative effects. We extracted volcanic deposition signals from each ice core record by applying a high-pass loess filter to the time series and examining peaks that exceed twice the 31-year running median absolute deviation. We then studied the spatial pattern of volcanic sulfate deposition on Greenland and Antarctica and combined this knowledge with a new understanding of stratospheric transport of volcanic aerosols to produce a forcing data set as a function of month, latitude, and altitude for the past 1500 years. We estimated the uncertainties associated with the choice of volcanic signal extraction criteria, ice core sulfate deposition to stratospheric loading calibration factor, and the season for the eruptions without a recorded month. We forced an energy balance climate model with this new volcanic forcing data set, together with solar and anthropogenic forcing, to simulate the large-scale temperature response. The results agree well with instrumental observations for the past 150 years and with proxy records for the entire period. Through better characterization of the natural causes of climate change, this new data set will lead to improved prediction of anthropogenic impacts on climate. The new data set of stratospheric sulfate injections from volcanic eruptions for the past 1500 years, as a function of latitude, altitude, and month, is available for download in a format suitable for forcing general circulation models of the climate system.
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