NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - European Mean and Spatial Summer Temperature Reconstructions Since Roman Times
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abstract: This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions|historical|tree ring with a geographic location of Europe. The time period coverage is from 2088 to -53 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.
purpose: Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables derived from paleoclimate proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations.
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keyword: earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|historical|tree ring
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keyword: What: surface temperature; Material: ring density|ring width
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keyword: What: longitude; Material: null
keyword: What: surface temperature; Material: ring density|ring width
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otherConstraints: Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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otherConstraints: Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.
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title: European summer temperatures since Roman times
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description: J. Luterbacher, J. P. Werner, J. E. Smerdon, L. Fernández-Donado, F. J. González Rouco, D. Barriopedro, F.C. Ljungqvist, U. Büntgen, E. Zorita, S. Wagner, J. Esper, D. McCarroll, A. Toreti, D. Frank, J. H. Jungclaus, M. Barriendos, C. Bertolin, O. Bothe, R. Brázdil, D. Camuffo, P. Dobrovolný, M. Gagen, E. García-Bustamante, Q. Ge, J. J. Gómez-Navarro, J. Guiot, Z. Hao, G. C. Hegerl, K. Holmgren, V.V. Klimenko, J. Martín-Chivelet, C. Pfister, N. Roberts, A. Schindler, A. Schurer, O. Solomina, L. von Gunten, E. Wahl, H. Wanner, O. Wetter, E. Xoplaki, N. Yuan, D. Zanchettin, H. Zhang and C. Zerefos, 2016: European summer temperatures since Roman times. Environmental Research Letters, 11, , 10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024001
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language: eng; USA
topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) geoscientificInformation
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description: Date Range: -138 CE to 2003 CE; Date Range: 2088 cal yr BP to -53 cal yr BP;
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beginPosition: -138
endPosition: 2003
supplementalInformation: STUDY NOTES: Spatial (5x5 degree grid) reconstructions of European summer (June-August) temperature back to 755 CE based on a Bayesian hierarchical modelling (BHM), plus estimates of the European mean temperature variation since 138 BCE, based on composite-plus-scaling (CPS). ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The spatial context is critical when assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and developed new statistical reconstruction methods. These advances allow more rigorous regional past temperature reconstructions and, in turn, the possibility of evaluating climate models on policy-relevant, spatio-temporal scales. Here we provide a new proxy-based, annually-resolved, spatial reconstruction of the European summer (June-August) temperature fields back to 755 CE based on Bayesian hierarchical modelling (BHM), together with estimates of the European mean temperature variation since 138 BCE based on BHM and composite-plus-scaling (CPS). Our reconstructions compare well with independent instrumental and proxy-based temperature estimates, but suggest a larger amplitude in summer temperature variability than previously reported. Both CPS and BHM reconstructions indicate that the mean 20th century European summer temperature was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statistically significant. Comparing each 50 yr period with the 1951-2000 period reveals a similar pattern. Recent summers, however, have been unusually warm in the context of the last two millennia and there are no 30 yr periods in either reconstruction that exceed the mean average European summer temperature of the last 3 decades (1986-2015 CE). A comparison with an ensemble of climate model simulations suggests that the reconstructed European summer temperature variability over the period 850-2000 CE reflects changes in both internal variability and external forcing on multi-decadal time-scales. For pan-European temperatures we find slightly better agreement between the reconstruction and the model simulations with high-end estimates for total solar irradiance. Temperature differences between the medieval period, the recent period and the Little Ice Age are larger in the reconstructions than the simulations. This may indicate inflated variability of the reconstructions, a lack of sensitivity and processes to changes in external forcing on the simulated European climate and/or an underestimation of internal variability on centennial and longer time scales.
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distributorContact: NCEI (distributor) (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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electronicMailAddress: ncei.info@noaa.gov
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fees: In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
orderingInstructions: Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
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name: Native Format(s)
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linkage: https://doi.org/10.25921/b43b-1v41
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name: NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page
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linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/EuroMed2k/readme-luterbacher2016.txt
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linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/EuroMed2k/EuMeanDist_noInst.txt
protocol: HTTPS
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description: Direct download links for dataset files.
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linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/EuroMed2k/BHM_Eu2k2_Recon_Ensembles.nc
protocol: HTTPS
applicationProfile: Download
name: NCEI Direct Download
description: Direct download links for dataset files.
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/EuroMed2k/BHM_Eu2k2_Recon.nc
protocol: HTTPS
applicationProfile: Download
name: NCEI Direct Download
description: Direct download links for dataset files.
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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maintenanceNote: This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21
